Modification of nano-TiO2 by Al2O3 in-situ coating

A novel technology of in-situ coating Al2O3 on the surface of H4TiO4 was developed to prevent the aggregation of nano-TiO2 powders and improve the dispersibility and thermal stability in the way of forming a uniform coating layer. The heterogeneous nucleation was conducted to prepare the precursor of nano-TiO2 and then Al2O3 was coated on the surface of precursor. The effects of Al2O3 in-situ coating on the properties of nano-TiO2 were investigated. The results show that H4 TiO4 can be dispersed well under alkaline condition （pH 8. 5） and the heterogeneous nucleation can be controlled easily. The optimized uniform coating layer is obtained by adding 5 % （mass fraction ） and 10% of Al2O3 and the aggregation of nano-TiO2 powders is effectively inhibited and the dispersibility is obviously improved. The crystal sizes of TiO2 powders are 12.3, 11.4 and 8. 7 nm after coating 0, 5% and 10% of Al2O3 respectively. Al2O3 on the surface of particulates in amorphous phase could increase the thermal stability of nano-partieles after calcined at 550℃.     

INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTRA STUDIES OF THE GLASS IN THE SYSTEM OF LiCl-Li_2OP_2O_5

Infrared and Roman Spectra of two kinds of glass systems of Li_2 O-P_2 O_5 and LiCl-Li_2O-P_2O_5 were studied and the influence of LiCl on the glass structure was discussed. The results show that in the system of Li_2O-P_2O_5, Licl can not only play a dresser part, but also exist in network gaps in a free state. When x(x=Li_2O/P_2O_5 mole fraction) is smaller and the content of LiCl is lower, LiCl causes the structare of phosphatic glass to break as Li_2O and (PO_2Cl) groaps. With the increase of x and the content of LiCl, the number of LiCl existing in dissociation state increases, too. When x is larger than some value (about 1.4), LiCl exists in a dissociation state entirely.     

Preparation and Properties of Dip-coated CeO2-TiO2 Thin Golden Glass Film

The golden and ultraviolet-absorbed CeO2-TiO2 film was prepared on soda-lime glass substrate with the thickness of 2 mm via the sol-gel method. The transmission spectra in range of 200 nm-800 nm were measured, and the crystallization, the abrasion and acid resistance were also investigated. The appropriate sol contents and heat-treatment schedule were determined. The results indicate that the appropriate molar ratio of Ce/Ti was 3：5 to 5：6. The ultraviolet-absorbance ability increased with the increase of the Ce/Ti molar ratio, but when the Ce/Ti molar ratio was higher than 1.5, the homogeneity of the film was deteriorated. With the increase of heat-treatment temperature, the main wavelengths of the color of the coated glasses were equal, but the color＇ s saturation decreased; the transmission peaks were the same, while the intensity of the peaks decreased. The roughness, abrasion and acid resistance of the film were also enhanced at the same time. The appropriate heat- treatment temperature may be 340℃.     

Structure and mechanical properties of ZrO2-mullite nano-ceramics in SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 system

ZrO2-mullite nano-ceramics were fabricated by in-situ controlled crystallizing from SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 amorphous bulk. The thermal transformation sequences of the SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 amorphous bulk were investigated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscope and differential scanning calorimetric. And the mechanical properties of the nano-ceramics were studied. The results show that the bulks are still in amorphous state at 900 ℃ and the t-ZrO2 forms at about 950 ℃ with a faint spinel-like phase which changes into mullite on further heating. ZrO2 and mullite become major phases at 1 100 ℃ and an amount of m-ZrO2 occur at the same time. The sample heated at 950 ℃ for 2 h and then at 1 100 ℃ for 1 h shows very dense and homogenous microstructure with ball-like grains in size of 20-50 nm. With the increase of crystallization temperature up to 1 350 ℃, the grains grow quickly and some grow into lath-shaped grains with major diameter of 5 μm. After two-step treatment the highest micro-hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness of the samples are 13.72 GPa, 520 MPa and 5.13 MPa·m1/2, respectively.     

Preparation of Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2 Composite Ceramic Membranes by Sol-Gel Method

Al2O3-SiO2- TiO2-ZrO2 supported membranes were prepared by Sol-Gel method. These composite ceramic membranes are level, even and no macro crack. There exist several crystalline phases such as Al2O3, TiO2 ( anatase ), Al2 SiO5 , and ZrO2 in these membranes. Changing the molar ratio of Al:Si: Ti : Zr ,the kinds and content of crystal phases of composite membranes could be different, which may lend to a variety of microstructure of membranes. The surface nanoscale topography and microstructure of membranes were investigated by XRD, SEM, AFM, EPMA. The effects of additives and heat treatments on the surface nanoscale topography and microstracture of composite ceramic membranes were also analyzed.     

Removal of organic matter from H2TaF7 solution by adsorption

The removal of organic matter from H2 TaFT solution by adsorption was investigated in order to reduce the carbon content in the K2TaF7 crystal. Three kinds of adsorbent, LSA-5 resin, LSA-20 resin and active carbon were applied in the fixed bed respectively. Experimental results indicate that LAS-5 resin, LAS-20 resin, the mixture of LAS-5 resin and LAS-20 resin(with volume ratio of 1：1), and the active carbon can all reduce chemical oxygen demand(COD) value of the H2TaF7 solution, and reduce consequently carbon content of K2TaF7 crystal to 0.0010%-0.0015% from 0.002 5%-0.0030%. Comparing with the others, the active carbon is an approved adsorbent whose bed volumes of effluent reaches 70. In addition, there is a linear relationship between the COD value of H2TaF7 solution and the carbon content in K2TaF7 crystal, and the carbon content in K2TaF7 crystal decreases with the decreasing of COD value of H2TaF7 solution. When the COD value of H2TaF7 solution is lower than 7 mg/L, the carbon content in K2TaF7 crystal would decrease to less than 0. 001 5%.     

Effect of Rare Earth Oxides on the Microstructure and Microwave Dielectric Properties of CaO-MgO-Nb2Os-TiO2 System Ceramics

La2O3 and SrO-doped CaO-MgO-Nb2O3-TiO2 system ceramics were prepared by solid-state ceramic technique.The microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of CaO-MgO-Nb2O5-TiO2-La2O3 cermics can be adjusted by varying the amount of La^3＋ or Sr^2＋ ions respectively.The replacement of Ca^2＋ by La^3＋ at A-site of the ceramics increases the quality factor Q value（ at 7.6GHz）as well as the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τf and decreases the dielectric constant εr and the substitution of Sr^2＋ at A-site in this ceramics system exhibits opposite characteristics.The microwave properties of La^3＋,Sr^2＋-doped CaO-MgO-Nb2O5-TiO2 system ceramics depend on the degree of octahedral distortion inside materials.     

STUDY ON Na_2O-GeO_2-SiO_2-PbO GLASSES USED AS THE CLADDING MATERIALS OF HOLLOW WAVEGUIDES FOR TRANSMITTING CO_2 LASER

In this paper a new kind of mid - infrared fiber material is reported. The reflective coefficients (R) of glasses in the system Na2O - ZnO - GeO2-SiO2-PbO have been measured .the refractive index becomes less than unity at 1180 - 900cm-1 range because of the existence of anomalous dispersion. The optical losses of hollow: waveguides were calculated,the predicted losses at 940cm-1are 0. 65 and 0. 081B/ m as the inner diameter of fiber is 0. 5 and 1. 0-mm respectively. The glasses can be used as the cladding materials of hollow waveguides for transmitting CO2 laser from the measurements of characteristic temperatures , coefficient of expansion and chemical durability.     

STUDY ON THE FORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF NONCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS IN THE Li_2O-P_2O_5-V_2O_5 SYSTEM

The noncrystalline-forming region in theLi_2O-P_2O_5-V_2O_5 system is determined under ourexperiment condition.The densities andtransformation temperatures of the samples aremeasured.IR and Raman spectra are used tostudy the noncrystalline structure.The effectof Li_2O on noncrystalline structure is studiedmainly,and it serves the function of aggregatingnetwork if Li_2O content is less than 10mol%,butit serves the function of loosening network ifLi_2O content exceeds 10mol%.The study on thestructure shows that the noncrystalline networkis composed of [PO_4] tetrahedra and [VO_5]trigonal bipyramids.The result indicates thatthe characteristic vibration peak of [VO_5]unit with V=O occurs at 1020-940 cm~(-1).Apossible noncrystalline structure model in thesystem is given.     

Influence of coexisting substances on the photodegradation behaviors of 17α-ethinylestradiol （EE2） in the UV/H2O2 process

The batch photodegradation reactor was used to investigate the influence of the common coexisting substances in wastewater,such as H+,anions (HCO3-,Cl-and NO3-) and organic compounds (methanol and bisphenol A),on the photodegradation behaviors of EE2 in the UV/H2O2 process.The results indicated that the addition of coexisting substances can influence the photodegradation behaviors of EE2 and it also follows the first-order kinetics.The acidic (pH 2-4) and alkaline (pH 10-12) medium benefit the photodegradation of EE2,but the photodegradation rate constant of EE2 keeps almost constant in the pH value of 4-10.The addition of anions,such as HCO3-,Cl-and NO3-,can inhibit the photodegradation of EE2,and the rate constant has a negative linear relationship with the concentration of the anions.However,the reduction degrees vary with the anions kinds,and the inhibition effect of the three anions is in the order of HCO3->NO3->Cl-.Addition of 5 mg/L methanol and bisphenol A can reduce the photodegradation rate constant of EE2by 84.31% and 72%,respectively.By comparison,the retardant effect of methanol is much more evident.In the studied concentrations range,the photodegradation rate constant of EE2 is the unary quadratic function of the organic compounds concentrations.     

亚甲基和亚乙基二(二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)的合成及结构表征

通过 X-射线晶体衍射 ,确定了 ( Me2 NCS2 ) 2 CH2 (化合物 I)和Me2 NCS2 CH2 CH2 S2 CNMe2 (化合物 )的晶体和分子结构。 ( M2 NCS2 ) 2 CH2 属于正交晶系 ,空间群为 :Pca2 1 ,晶胞参数为 :a=1 3.80 99( 3) ,b=4.345 3( 1 ) ,c=2 0 .3686( 4 ) ,Z=4。 Me2 NCS2 CH2 CH2 S2 CNMe2 属单斜晶系 ,空间群为 :P2 1/c,晶胞参数为 :a=6.0 69( 7) ,b=7.82 9( 2 ) ,c=1 3.45 5 ( 3) ,β =91 .76( 3)°,Z=2。它们都包含了由硫原子与烷基相连的两个二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸酯基团。在化合物 I中 ,由亚甲基相连的两个二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸酯平面间的二面角是 5 5 .92 ( 2 )°。在化合物 II中 ,原子 S1、C4、C41、S1 1所在平面与二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸酯的原子所在平面间的二面角为 84.4( 2 )°。在两种结构中 ,S2…C4的距离 (分别为 3.0 899( 2 ) ,3.0 966( 3) )比范德华半径 ( 3.5 5 )小很多。范德华力对晶体结构起到稳定作用     

最简单的手性分子—过氧化氢和过硫化氢

用范德华力和静电力分析了H_2O_2和H_2S_2的结构。它们都是手性分子,属于外消旋体。     

Thermodynamic study of K_2CrO_4-KAlO_2-KOH-H_2O and Na_2CrO_4-NaAlO_2-NaOH-H_2O systems

Phase diagrams of complex multi-component aqueous chromium salt system are the important theoretical bases for increasing the recovery ratio of chromium and reducing the poisonous waste in the chromate production process. Phase equilibrium of multi-component system has been calculated from the limited known data with thermodynamic models. The phase equilibriums of KOH-K2CrO4-H2O, KOH-KAlO2-H2O, NaOH-Na2CrO4-H2O and NaOH-NaAlO2-H2O systems were calculated with thermodynamic models. The solubilities of Cr and Al was measured in the systems at different temperatures. The results were compared with experimental data and they are consistent with each other. It shows that the lower concentration of KOH (or NaOH) is favorable for the crystallization of KAlO2 (or NaAlO2) and higher concentration of KOH (or NaOH) is favorable for the crystallization of K2CrO4 (Na2CrO4). Therefore, K2CrO4 (or Na2CrO4) can be separated from KAlO2 (or NaAlO2) with controlling the KOH concentration in solutions of KOH-K2CrO4-KAlO2-H2     

关于丢番图方程x^2＋my^2=z^2

用初等方法给出了m=4k＋2且无平方因子时丢番图方程x^2＋my^2=z^2 的所有正的本原解,从而改进了王云葵、宋金国的结果.     

Na_2O-SiO_2-ZrO_2-TiO_2系统玻璃耐碱机理的研究

本文采用了分光光度法、原子吸收光谱法及电子探针(EPMA)等手段,对Na_2O-SiO_2-ZrO_2-TiO_2系统玻璃进行了耐碱机理的初步探讨。用相关分析对碱蚀液中ZrO_2、TiO_2、SiO_2等氧化物的碱溶出行为及各氧化物在玻纤表面上的残留行为进行了讨论。     

Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2-TiO2复合溶胶的制备工艺

以Al(NO3)3.9H2O、Si(OC2H5)4、ZrOCl2.8H2O和Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,用sol-gel法通过分步水解得到透明稳定性能好的复合溶胶,并采用XRD和SEM等测试技术对复合溶胶的相组成及其微观形貌进行了表征。实验发现:ZrOCl2.8H2O的预水解溶液的pH<1,用它作为胶溶剂可合成性能好的复合溶胶;若不加硅烷偶联剂,当Al、Si物质的量比n(Al)∶n(Si)<2∶1时,得不到性能稳定的复合溶胶;改变Ti组分的加入量,复合薄膜的主晶相将发生改变。     

K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4·2H2O复盐的合成与表征

以3种简单盐类为原料,在50℃下用水热合成法制备了结晶优良的硫酸钙复盐K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4.2H2O,并通过X射线衍射、红外光谱与拉曼光谱分析、扫描电子显微分析等现代测试手段对其性能进行了表征,验证了该复盐带有2个分子的结晶水,测得了复盐的红外光谱与拉曼光谱的特征波数,清晰地观测了复盐的晶体形貌。     

关于丢番图方程 x2p+2kyp=z2

设A、B、C是两两互素的正整数,m,n,r是大于1的正整数，对于丢番图方程Ax^m+Byⁿ=Cz^r，(x,y,z)=1，1/m+1/n+1/r＜1，1989年,Tijdeman猜想：该方程仅有有限多组整数解(x,y,z)；1997年，Andrew Bal猜想：如果A=B=C=1,m,n,r均大于2，则该方程没有正整数解.关于上述猜想，本文作者获得了如下结果：设p为奇素数，证明了丢番图方程x^2p+2^ky^p=z²,(x,y)=1，k≥1，y≠0仅有整数解k=3,｜x｜=y=1,｜z｜=3和k=2pl+3,｜x｜=2l,y=1,｜z｜=3·2^pl .从而更正了王云葵关于上述方程所获得的结果.     

Bi2Sr2Co2Oy热电材料的制备

为了研究Bi2Sr2Co2Oy热电陶瓷的不同制备方法,实验采用固相反应法和溶胶-凝胶法制备Bi2Sr2Co2Oy陶瓷．用XRD,SEM等表征技术研究了样品的物相及显微组织形貌．结果表明：样品为单相,组织均匀,为层片状结构,且具有明显的c轴择优取向．     

复合氧化物S_2O_8~(2-)/ZrO_2-SnO_2-SiO_2的制备与研究

固体超强酸作为多相酸催化材料,具有许多传统质子酸催化剂无法比拟的优点,本论文在研究SO_4~(2-)/M_xO_y型固超酸的基础上,采用过硫酸铵溶液作为浸渍剂,选取ZrO_2、SnO_2、SiO_2的复合氧化物,将过硫酸根离子负载在上面,制备出新型S_2O_8~(2-)/ZrO_2-SnO_2-SiO_2固体超强酸催化剂.