Inter-comparative study of quantitative methods of industrial clinker

Impurities from the raw materials, the grinding and the homogenization of the raw materials, the kiln instability and the complexity of the cooling step, all these factors make it difficult to obtain a perfect evaluation of the mineralogical composition of Portland clinker. We studied the limitations of the most commonly used quantitative methods and recommend some procedures to obtain reliable and reproducible results of quantitative analyses. Different clinker samples (provided by the Bizerte Cement Company (Tunisia)) were subjected to an elemental analysis by X-ray fluorescence and the mineralogical composition was determined by the Bogue calculation and by X-ray powder diffraction combined with the Rietveld method (Different softwares were used: XPert High Score Plus version 2.0 and TOPAS version 4.2). We then compared the results obtained by the Rietveld method and the Bogue calculation to the specific peak areas of each phase. The content of each phase, determined by the Rietveld method, varied proportionally to the change in peak area; a significant difference in these results was found by using the elementary Bogue calculation.     

硅酸盐水泥熟料的光学显微结构特征的研究

利用反光显微镜观察了不同煅烧制度下硅酸盐水泥熟料的显微结构特征，讨论煅烧温度和时间对水泥熟料显微结构的影响，运用此方法可初步了解生产过程中出现的种种问题，为指导水泥熟料的生产和质量监控提供可靠依据。     

利用污水厂污泥配料煅烧水泥熟料研究

通过生料易烧性试验、水泥熟料矿物岩相分析、XRD、SEM、水泥胶砂强度试验等，对利用污水厂污泥代替部分粘土配料煅烧硅酸盐水泥熟料的过程，并对制备熟料的微观特征进行了研究。结果表明：污水厂污泥代替部分粘土烧制的水泥熟料，其矿物结构与常规的硅酸盐水泥熟料完全相同，且由污泥配料煅烧的熟料烧成温度有降低的趋势；其水泥水化和凝结、硬化过程与常规硅酸盐水泥完全相同；其水化产物结构与常规硅酸盐水泥完全相同；水泥胶砂强度达到50．0MPa。     

煤中灰分在水泥熟料烧成中的作用及其机理

通过在水泥生料中掺加不同品质高灰分煤的煤灰,研究了灰分及其组分在硅酸盐水泥熟料液相变化、矿物形成及微观结构中的作用及机理。结果表明,灰分含量的升高是降低液相初析温度的主要原因。随着灰分含量的升高,熟料中间相中Al和Fe的含量增加,尤其固溶的Si明显增多,造成液相粘度增加,阻碍C3S形成。同时,造成熟料矿物分布的均匀性更差,熔蚀现象更多。     

铁质原料对水泥熟料矿物形成及性能的影响

利用ＸＲＤ,ＯＭ,强度测定和化学分析等方法研究了不同铁质原料对硅酸盐水泥熟料矿物形成和熟料性能的影响,结果表明,掺加铜矿渣的生料具有更好的易烧性,能增加液相量,有利于熟料烧结,并能改善熟料的岩相结构和力学性能。     

磷渣基复合矿化剂对水泥熟料烧成的影响

研究了在水泥生料中掺入不同矿化剂对水泥生料的易烧性、硅酸盐水泥熟料矿物形成和岩相结构的影响：结果表明，与传统的萤石和磷渣矿化剂相比，磷渣与萤石复合的矿化剂可有效降低水泥熟料中游离氧化钙（f-CaO）的含量，改善生料的易烧性；在煅烧温度与时间增加的情况下，改善作用仍然明显；通过XRD、SEM与岩相结构分析表明，磷渣与萤石的复合矿化剂降低了液相的粘度，促进了A矿的生长，对矿物的结晶形态有改善作用，有利于晶体尺寸的生长发育。     

THERMO-DECOMPOSITION QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR DETERMTNATION OF ALITE CONTENT IN CEMENT CLINKER

In this paper,using the thermo-decomposition quantitative method to determinethe alite content in cement clinker has beenstudied.It is shown that the alite contentdetermined by the thermo-decompositionmethod is very close to that obtained by theoptical microscopy method.The practicalquantitative analysis of alite in cement clinkerwas carried out by the thermo-decompositionmethod and a quite satisfactory result hasbeen obtained.     

水泥熟料中阿里特的热分解定量法研究

本文研究了利用热分解法测定硅酸盐水泥熟料中阿里特含量的方法。并与显微镜定量法进行了对比。用此方法对水泥熟料中阿里特作定量分析,结果令人满意。     

硅酸盐水泥熟料的率值匹配模型

在传统的水泥熟料三率值KH、SM和IM基础上提出饱硅系数KS的概念,通过分析52组硅酸盐水泥实际生产相关数据,建立硅酸盐水泥熟料率值匹配模型。并利用该模型对高性能水泥熟料率值进行了初步探讨。     

Influence of Replacement Level of Coal-series Kaolin on Hydration of Ordinary Portland Cement by X-ray Diffraction/Rietveld Method

The influence of replacement level of calcined coal-series kaolin(CCK) on hydration of ordinary Portland cement(OPC) was studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD)/Rietveld method. X-ray diffraction/Rietveld method was used to quantify the crystalline phase composition of the hydrated samples. Additionally, the morphology of hydrated samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that, calcium hydroxide(CH), ettringite(AFt) and amorphous phase content in hydrated samples decreased as the replacement level of CCK increased, while AFm and str?tlingite increased, which was caused by the combination of dilute, physical and pozzolanic effects. The hydration of anhydrous cement phases was accelerated by physical effect but hindered by the retardation effect of CCK. The role of each effects was discussed in detail to analyze the mechanism of OPC hydration with CCK addition. The SEM images showed that the shortening of AFt at 1 day and the denser texture at 28 days was observed with CCK addition, which was caused by the physical and pozzolanic effects, respectively.     

Composition Design for High C3S Cement Clinker and Its Mineral Formation

A new composition of Portland cement clinker was studied, in which KH, SM and IM was 0.98,2.4 and 2.4 respectively as well as its meal added 1%CuO （in mass）. Fired at 1 200℃,1 350℃,1 400℃ and 1 450℃ for 30 min, the resultant mineral phases component and mineral morphology were analyzed. The performances of the cement which was made of clinker burned at 1 450℃ and fly ash were determined. By means of QXRD, XRD and optical microscopy, it is shown that the clinker burnt at 1 450℃ has the larger size crystals and distinct crystal interface, in which the C3S content is 73.37% and the mineral phases is dominantly C3S, following by minor C2S, C3A and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. The results reveal that a new type of high C3S content clinker can completely be made by traditional temperature-time schedule. The performances of the cement produced from this clinker with addtion of 50% fly ash and 5% gupsum were in agreement with the 32.5 strength grade of Portland fly-ash cement. The results also show that the clinker has a significant effect of saving energy and utilizing waste slag.     

镁渣硅酸盐水泥的性能

用2种不同来源的镁渣作为水泥混合材配制镁渣硅酸盐水泥。研究了其标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、强度等基本性能,考察了镁渣对水泥干燥收缩的影响,并通过XRD、DSC/TG、SEM等微观手段研究了镁渣在水泥中的作用效应。结果表明：镁渣作为水泥的混合材具有一定的减水缓凝效果;镁渣掺量在10%～30%范围内时,水泥样品符合通用硅酸盐水泥42.5R级的标准,掺量为35%～40%符合32.5R型复合硅酸盐水泥的要求;镁渣掺量为30%～40%时对水泥砂浆的干燥收缩有抑制作用;镁渣与水泥熟料水化产物发生反应,使水泥浆体结构更加致密。     

THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF PORTLAND CEMENT CLINKER MINERALS IN RAPID BURNING

Cement clinker is burnt at the rapid heatingrate has the obvious effect of saving energy due tothe low burning temperature and short burning time.This kind of technique is being researched activelyin recent years,but the systemetical theoryinvestigation about the formation mechanism ofclinker minerals under this condition has not beenreported.In this paper,the formation mechanism ofportland cement clinker minerals in rapid burningwas studied by means of DTA,SEM,EPMA,XRDand other conventional testing methods by using aspecial burning equipment.     

Optimization of the content of tricalcium silicate of high cementing clinker

Optimization of the content of tricalcium silicate(C 3 S)of high cementing clinker was investigated.The content of free-CaO(f-CaO),mineral composite,the content of C 3 S in the clinker and the hydration product were analyzed by chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction(XRD).K Valuemethod of QXRD was selected as a quantitative analysis way to measure the content of C 3 S,and the strength of cement paste was determined.The results show that at a water cement ratio of 0.29,the strength of cement paste with 73%C ...     

废弃混凝土再生水泥熟料的配制与性能

以完全不用天然石灰石、粘土、页岩和砂岩,废弃混凝土在生料中的质量百分含量高达95％～99％和普通煅烧工艺制备出了水泥熟料(以下简称再生熟料).将再生熟料与用天然石灰石和砂岩制备的水泥熟料进行了对比试验与分析,结果表明:2种熟料具有完全相同的XRD特征峰位,再生熟料的熟料矿物形成正常;2种熟料化学成分相近,再生熟料的率值设计中更倾向于高钙低硅;再生熟料的f-CaO含量满足安定性要求;再生熟料制备的水泥的3d强度达到42.5级硅酸盐水泥的要求,28 d强度达到52.5级硅酸盐水泥的要求.     

Physical Properties and Hydration of Cementitious Materials Prepared from Vanadium Slag and Phosphate Slag

The physical properties and hydration of a cementitious material, which prepared mainly from the vanadium slag and phosphate slag, were investigated. These slags were investigated can be reused as original resources to prepare cement clinker based on the fact that they mainly comprise silicon and calcium phases, respectively. In this research, a batch of cement having various grades was prepared by mixing the clinker with gypsum, tailings, and fly ash. X-ray diffraction(XRD), differential thermogravimetric(DTG) as well as scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were applied to test and analyze the physical properties and hydration of the prepared cement. Experimental results suggest that the performances of the cement meet the requirements of national standards in all aspects. Its hydration process is similar to that of common Portland cement, whose hydrates were mainly composed of C-S-H, ettringite and CH. Moreover, the addition of fine particles would accelerate cement hydration, as it provided additional surfaces to help the nucleating and growing of hydrates.     

Long-term Performance of Moderate Heat Portland Cement with Double-expansive Sources

The long-term performance of moderate heat Portland cement with double-expansive sources （DE cement） in the system of high MgO clinker and gypsum was studied by XRD, SEM/EDAX and test methods for strength and expansion of cement. Results indicate that the periclase particle, whose size was 5-7.5μm in DE cement clinker containing 4.8 % MgO, existed individually. The periclase hydration in hardened DE cement paste started at about 60 days and completed up to 2 000 days, and ettringite in the paste was stable from 3 days to 2 000 days. Under the conditions of 4.5%-5.0 % MgO in clinker and 2.8%-3.4 %SO3 in cement, ettringite expansion and brucite expansion in DE cement paste had a continuity, entirety and stability. At the ages of 90, 365,730 and 2 000 days the expansion of the paste reached 0.07%-0.11%, 0.16%-0.21%, 0.21%-0.27 %, and 0.29%-0.38%, respectively. The results suggest that by using this cement in mass concrete it may compensate its temperature shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage to some extent.     

Strength of limestone-based non-calcined cement and its properties

A new type of cement was prepared with ground limestone powder, blastfurnace slag, steel slag and gypsum without calcination. The fraction of ground limestone powder in the cement was as high as 40 wt%–60 wt% without Portland clinker. All of its physical properties can meet the requirements of masonry cement standards. The impact of limestone content on physical properties of the cement and determined its impact on law was investigated. The steel slag can excit the aquation activity of this cement effectively, and the influence of its quantity on the strength of the materials was studied, which shows that the optimum quantity of mixing is 10%. By way of changing the different content of the lime stone by quartzy sample, the law of the compression strength and the PH value was determined, confirming that the lime stone can promote the early aquation of the slag and improve the early strength. The main hydration product of this cement is calcium aluminate hydrate, ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate, as indicated by XRD and SEM analysis.     

粉煤灰为原料的高铁水泥熟料的实验研究

本文用粉煤灰完全替代粘土原料,运用正交试验方法,探索研制符合国家标准的高强水泥熟料的最佳配料方案及煅烧制度;利用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜及岩相检验等测试手段对所得熟料和水泥水化试样进行测试,得出了“高铁”、低温烧成的优选方案,探讨了各种因素对熟料质量的影响。     

海水侵蚀环境下混凝土强度的研究

采用普通硅酸盐水泥和矿渣硅酸盐水泥 ,分别配制了水灰比在 0 .4 5～ 0 .6 0范围内的混凝土试件 ,采用加速腐蚀试验 ,研究了在海水腐蚀后 ,其强度随时间变化的规律及原因 ,并为试件损伤状态定量化解析提供了试验数据。研究结果表明 ,在相同的试验条件下 ,矿渣硅酸盐水泥混凝土抗海水侵蚀性优于普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土 ;混凝土试件的抗蚀系数为 0 .8时与美国ASTM标准规定的强度损失 2 5 %的界限值相吻合