适应于时变频率的高精度测频算法设计与实现

为解决水电厂及新能源频率随时间变化条件下测频算法误差大的问题,提出了一种适应于时变频率的高精度算法的设计及实现。该算法根据相邻过零点的相位关系,在频率随时间变化条件下,推导出任意时刻频率与周期的关系表达式,并综合运用牛顿三次插值多项式、牛顿迭代法等算法来精确求解相邻过零点之间的周期时间。MATLAB仿真表明,该算法在频率波动甚至非线性变化时,以及信号中含有高次谐波、直流分量、噪声等情况下,均可取得很高的测频精度,且测频范围大、适用面广、计算量小、占用内存少。     

A new fast Newton‐type adaptive filtering algorithm for stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation (SAEC)

This paper addresses the problem of acoustic echo cancellation. We propose a new version of the fast Newton transversal filter algorithm for stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation applications. This algorithm can be viewed as an efficient implementation of the extended two‐channel fast transversal filter algorithm. Moreover, it fits naturally within the frame of the fast version of the recursive least‐squares (RLS) algorithm, applied to the two‐channel case. To stabilize the proposed two‐channel algorithm, we have adapted and then applied a new numerical stabilization technique that has been proposed recently. The computational complexity of the proposed two‐channel algorithm is less than half the complexity of the fastest two‐channel RLS versions and very close to that of the two‐channel normalized least mean squares algorithm when its predicting part length is chosen to be small. Simulation results and comparisons in term of complexities, convergence speed and tracking with the two‐channel algorithms are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance improvement of repetitive controlled PWM inverters: A phase‐lead compensation solution

The compensation of the phase lag plays an important role in the improvement of convergence rate, tracking accuracy, and robustness of repetitive controller. However, it is often difficult to compensate the system phase lag exactly due to variation of the load and unknown disturbances. An alternative way is to provide a simple but effective phase compensation to compensate the phase lag in a frequency band that contains the major tracking error components. With this motivation, a repetitive control scheme with a linear phase‐lead compensator is proposed and applied to the control of constant‐voltage constant‐frequency pulse‐width modulated DC–AC inverters. Detailed analysis of phase compensation on system stability is provided, and conditions for the design of phase compensation are derived. The experimental results under different loads and load changes show that the proposed scheme can achieve high tracking accuracy, low total harmonic distortion, and fast dynamic response. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于NCP理论的光滑牛顿法在无功优化中的应用

采用经典的无功优化模型,以系统网损最小为目标函数。依据非线性互补理论,构造NCP函数,将KKT条件中的不等式约束转换为等价的非线性方程,然后用牛顿法求解。用同样的方法来处理离散变量,即构造一个与离散变量的约束条件等价的离散NCP函数,嵌入牛顿法中迭代计算。最后,由经典IEEE系统的计算结果表明：该算法收敛速度与传统方法相当,能有效降低网损,具有大范围收敛性。     

一种高精度的电网谐波/间谐波检测的组合优化算法

为了提高电能质量,准确测量电网中的谐波和间谐波频率、幅度和相位,给出一种高精度的电网谐波和间谐波检测的组合优化算法。首先,利用双窗全相位快速傅里叶变换时移相位差频谱校正法,检测出谐波和间谐波的频率值;再构建谐波和间谐波信号幅值和相角参数的目标函数,设定初始值和迭代精度,由拟牛顿优化算法对目标函数进行迭代运算,检测出相应的谐波和间谐波信号的幅值和相位角。利用该方法对复杂间谐波信号进行检测,仿真实验结果表明,基于双窗全相位快速傅里叶变换时移相位差频谱校正法和拟牛顿法的组合算法实现了间谐波幅值、频率和相位三个特征的较高精度检测。且该算法具有较高的抗噪声干扰能力。     

基于四阶牛顿插值法同步化的FFT谐波分析方法

提出了一种实时检测谐波的分析方法,利用高阶的牛顿插值法推导了同步化公式,该公式对固定采样频率得到的采样数据重新推导与跟踪,再从算法上调整采样周期对重现的信号曲线进行重新采样,最后对重新采样序列进行快速傅里叶(FFT)谐波分析。即使是在工频波动比较大的情况下以及采用较少量的采样数据,新采样序列依然能够利用FFT算法准确地获得被分析曲线所包含的高阶谐波分量的幅值和相位。仿真结果和实际应用证明,该方法对于实时性要求比较高、电压频率变化比较大的情况具有良好的鲁棒性。     

Robust control and data‐driven tuning of a hybrid integrator‐gain system with applications to wafer scanners

A hybrid integrator‐gain system is discussed that aims for improved low‐frequency disturbance rejection, while, at the same time, does not deteriorate overshoot and settling times when compared with a linear integrator. The hybrid integrator has similar phase advantages as the well‐known Clegg integrator but without inducing the discontinuous behavior resulting from resetting system state values. Optimal tuning of the controller parameters of the hybrid integrator is strongly influenced by machine‐specific properties and therefore favors a data‐driven optimization approach. However, as a time‐domain optimization algorithm can easily lead to nonrobust solutions in the sense of large peaking of the closed‐loop frequency response functions, frequency‐domain robustness constraints will be imposed. By means of an adaptive weighting filter design, the parameter updates are penalized upon violation of said robustness constraints. Posed in an unconstrained problem formulation, this is subsequently solved by applying a Gauss‐Newton–based parameter update scheme. Closed‐loop stability of the linear time‐invariant plant and controller in feedback connection with a hybrid integrator‐gain system element follows from a circle‐criterion‐like analysis, which is based on evaluating (measured) frequency response data. Measurement results obtained from an industrial wafer scanner demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.     

基于可变遗忘因子广义RLS算法的频率估计

传统的递推最小二乘(RLS)算法有良好的抑制噪声的能力,但在非稳态环境下跟踪能力弱,导致误差大.RLS和Kalman滤波之间存在一一对应的关系,引入Kalman滤波的一步预测估计和新的状态转移矩阵,可以得到广义的RLS算法,该算法改进了跟踪能力.同时,考虑到加权遗忘因子对算法的收敛速度和跟踪能力也有很大影响,故在广义RLS算法中再引入可变的遗忘因子,以确保对时变参数的快速跟踪能力和小的参数估计误差.对基于可变遗忘因子的广义RLS自适应算法和按指数加权的传统RLS算法进行了仿真比较,分析了在稳态下加入谐波、输入幅值变化、输入频率变化等情况下,2种方法所得的频率估计值和均方误差,结果显示所提方法在精度和收敛速度上都更优越.     

A novel adaptive flicker measurement technique

An adaptive measurement method is presented for the estimation of interharmonic components causing light flicker. The method provides an alternative technique for the estimation of sinusoidal components of unknown frequency, where well-known methods of processing of stationary signals such as the DFT-based techniques may fail. The proposed technique is based on a recently developed sinusoid-tracking algorithm that is capable of tracking time-variations of the parameters of a nonstationary signal such as its frequency and amplitude. The preliminary stages of demodulation and bandpass filtering combined with dynamic adjustment of the parameters of the sinusoid-tracking algorithm allow for effective estimation of the components that may cause light flicker. The structure of the proposed flicker measurement technique is composed of two parallel branches, each finding the amplitude and frequency of an interharmonic component. Presented computer simulations demonstrate its performance while laboratory experiments verify its in situ functionality. Given the low complexity of the proposed technique, it is well-suited for real-time applications.     

可变遗忘因子递推最小二乘法对时变参数测量

针对传统的递推最小二乘法对于非平稳环境下的突变和时变信号的跟踪能力不够,常常无法检测到信号特征参数的问题,提出了在指数加权递推最小二乘法中引入可变的加权遗忘因子λ,对电力系统时变信号的幅值、相位、频率进行测量的方法。加权λ对算法的收敛速度和跟踪能力有很大影响,如能很好的调节λ,既可确保对时变参数的快速跟踪能力,又能具备小的参数估计误差。仿真结果表明:与传统的递推最小二乘法相比,该方法测量精度和收敛速度更优越,即使在低信噪比环境下,也能较精确的测出时变参数值。     

Predictor‐based adaptive dynamic surface control for consensus of uncertain nonlinear systems in strict‐feedback form

This paper investigates the leader–follower consensus problem of uncertain nonlinear systems in strict‐feedback form. By parameterizations of unknown nonlinear dynamics of the agents, an adaptive dynamic surface control with the aid of predictors, tracking differentiators is proposed to realize output consensus of the multi‐agent systems. Unlike the existing adaptive consensus methods, the predictor errors are used to learn the unknown parameters, which can achieve fast learning without high‐frequency signals in control inputs. As a fast precise signal filter, the tracking differentiator is used in the control design instead of first‐order filters, which can further improve the control performance. Based on graph theory and Lyapunov stability theory, it is shown that the outputs of all followers ultimately synchronize to that of the leader with bounded tracking errors. Simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed consensus algorithm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非稳态下电力谐波分析的改进FFT方法

频率偏差以及间谐波等的存在制约了非稳态下电力谐波分析的准确度,而传统FFT算法容易受到频谱泄漏和栅栏效应的影响.分析了余弦函数窗频谱特性,并提出基于余弦偶次幂窗改进FFT的非稳态谐波分析方法.在改进的FFT方法中运用最小二乘拟合法推导信号基波与各次谐波的频率、幅值和相位计算修正公式.仿真结果表明:提出的方法能有效减小基波频率波动以及间谐波的影响、提高谐波参数的计算准确度,适合于非稳态条件下的谐波分析.嵌入式系统应用验证了算法的正确性.     

基于高斯方法及Sherman-Morrison公式的暂态稳定性并行计算方法

并行计算是实现大规模电力系统暂态稳定性实时分析计算的有效途径。将s级2s阶的高斯方法和扩展的Sherman-Morrison矩阵求逆公式相结合,提出了一类新的暂态稳定性并行计算方法。该方法首先利用s级2s阶的高斯方法对微分-代数方程组进行多级离散,并利用严格的牛顿法对离散后的非线性方程组进行整体求解。在此基础上,按s个时间点将整体雅可比矩阵分裂成为一个分块对角矩阵和一个分块常系数矩阵。然后,以分裂后的分块对角矩阵为基础,利用扩展的Sherman-Morrison矩阵求逆公式将s个时间点上的计算任务进行“解耦”。所提方法在保持严格牛顿法的收敛性的同时具有很好的并行性。利用OpenMP并行计算技术在多核计算机上对2个不同的系统算例进行了测试,结果表明,所提出的并行方法可以获得较好的加速比以及并行效率。     

Hierarchical recursive signal modeling for multifrequency signals based on discrete measured data

This paper studies the problem of parameter estimation for the multifrequency sine signals, which have multiple characteristic parameters such as the amplitudes, phases, and frequencies. It is noted that the signal output is nonlinear with respect to the phase and frequency parameters while it is linear with respect to the amplitude parameters. This feature inspires us to separate all of the characteristic parameters into a linear parameter set and a nonlinear parameter set, where the linear set is composed of the amplitude parameters and the nonlinear set is composed of the phase parameters and the frequency parameters. After the parameter separation, two identification submodels are constructed for optimizing the linear parameter set and the nonlinear parameter set. Then the nonlinear identification model becomes a linear identification submodel and a nonlinear identification submodel. Therefore, the nonlinear optimization for minimizing the objective function is converted into the combination of the quadratic optimization and nonlinear optimization. Based on the separable identification submodels, a recursive least squares subalgorithm and a recursive gradient subalgorithm are proposed for identifying the linear parameters and nonlinear parameters, respectively. Moreover, an interactive estimation algorithm is designed to remove the related parameter sets between the subalgorithms and a hierarchical identification method is presented by combining the subalgorithms. For the purpose of tracking the time-varying, a forgetting factor is introduced to improve the convergence speed. The numerical examples are provided to qualify the performance of the proposed method based on some performance measures.     

实时电力市场阻塞管理算法研究

作者提出了一种新的优化类算法用于解决实时电力市场的阻塞管理问题。基于市场成员的调整报价,实时阻塞管理问题被描述为调整成本最小的优化问题。通过将优化问题转化为等价的非线性方程组,避免了起作用约束的识别问题,提高了计算效率;方程组的求解利用了半光滑牛顿类算法,从而具有较快的收敛速度;步长搜索策略的使用确保了算法的全局收敛性,从而使算法具有较强的鲁棒性。算例分析以及与传统算法的比较证明,本文的算法是一种有效的阻塞消除算法。     

考虑传输容量约束的配电网可靠性快速评估

在最短路法的基础上提出一种等值递推的可靠性等值计算方法,该方法按负荷点与馈线根节点之间的距离对其进行分层排序,并根据负荷所在节点的层号逐级计算其可靠性指标。在计算每一层负荷点的可靠性时,同时求出该层及以上所有设备的可靠性等值电路并为后续计算所用。另外提出一种计算形式简单的应用于辐射状电网的定雅可比矩阵牛顿潮流法,用于计算传输容量对配电系统可靠性的影响。基于图上因子分解法对辐射状电网的网络拓扑和因子图的拓扑进行了分析,证明2者是相同的,在此基础上开发了与面向支路的前代、回推法具有相似程序实现形式的牛顿潮流算法。该算法易于编程实现,同时保持了传统牛顿法的快速收敛性的优点。算例结果表明文章提出的可靠性评估算法具有较高效率。     

Recursive Gauss–Seidel algorithm for direct self‐tuning control

A recursive algorithm based on the use of Gauss–Seidel iterations is introduced to adjust the parameters of a self‐tuning controller for minimum phase and a class of nonminimum phase discrete‐time systems. The proposed algorithm is called the Recursive Gauss–Seidel (RGS) algorithm and is used to update the controller parameters directly. The use of the RGS algorithm with a generalized minimum variance control law is also given for nonminimum phase systems, and a forgetting factor is used to track the time‐varying parameters. Furthermore, the overall stability of the closed‐loop system is proven by using the Lyapunov stability theory. Using computer simulations, the performance of the RGS algorithm is examined and compared with the widely used recursive least squares algorithm.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Semi‐blind fast equalization of QAM channels using concurrent gradient‐Newton CMA and soft decision‐directed scheme

This contribution considers semi‐blind adaptive equalization for communication systems that employ high‐throughput quadrature amplitude modulation signalling. A minimum number of training symbols, approximately equal to the dimension of the equalizer, are first utilized to provide a rough initial least‐squares estimate of the equalizer's weight vector. A novel gradient‐Newton concurrent constant modulus algorithm and soft decision‐directed scheme are then applied to adapt the equalizer. The proposed semi‐blind adaptive algorithm is capable of converging fast and accurately to the optimal minimum mean‐square error equalization solution. Simulation results obtained demonstrate that the convergence speed of this semi‐blind adaptive algorithm is close to that of the training‐based recursive least‐square algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A complete decomposition and coordination algorithm for large‐scale hydrothermal optimal power flow problems

This paper presents a complete decomposition and coordination algorithm to solve large‐scale hydrothermal optimal power flow (HTOPF) problems. Based on the approximate Newton directions method, which decouples the first‐order Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions of the original problem, an HTOPF problem with cascaded hydro plants is decomposed into a thermal plant subproblem with independent optimal power flow solutions for each time period and a hydro plant subproblem combined with fixed and variable heads and cascaded plants issues. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, numerical tests are performed on three large‐scale test systems with up to 3120 buses and 7 531 915 primal–dual variables over 168 time periods. Test results show that the proposed algorithm gives excellent performances in convergence and stability. It not only reduces memory usage significantly but also decreases CPU time by about 65–75%. With parallel computing, it is capable of achieving 10–20 times or even 1000 times speed without loss of optimality. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于线路参数修正的同杆双回线故障定位方法

当电力系统在功率低频振荡等动态情况下发生故障时,电力信号的幅值和频率往往表现出一定的动态特性,然而目前大部分同杆双回线故障定位方法并未考虑这一因素。为此提出了动态条件下基于线路参数修正的同杆双回线故障定位方法,新方法拓展了传统的静态信号模型,建立时变的信号模型使其能正确表示信号的动态特性,并加入基于同步相量测量单元(phasor measurement units,PMUs)的动态同步相量测量算法估计的信号相量值,从而可以在动态条件下精确修正线路参数,最后通过牛顿迭代算法得到准确的故障距离。应用PSCAD/EMTDC软件模拟各种工况对算法进行验证,仿真结果表明:与传统的算法相比,经过线路参数修正的方法在动态条件下具有较高的故障定位精度,并且不受故障位置、过渡电阻、故障类型和故障初始角的影响。