A technique of parallel connections of pulsewidth-modulated NPC inverters by using current-sharing reactors

The neutral-point-clamped (NPC) PWM inverters have many advantages such as the ability to operate the motor with nearly sinusoidal current waveforms. For this reason, in larger-capacity inverter systems, NPC PWM inverters using the GTOs, etc., have also been put into practical use because of great advantages to large-capacity ac motor drives such as lower ripple currents and higher output voltages. With the spread of applications, still larger-capacity inverters also are expected. However, since the capacities of such switching devices are insufficient, a certain technique and controlling method are proposed for the parallel connections of NPC inverters. The output voltage waveforms of the proposed inverter have certain voltage levels, and thus it is anticipated that it will be difficult to analyze the output harmonics. For such waveforms of output voltage and current-sharing reactor, a frequency analysis approach is described whose results are verified by experiments.     

基于电流控制电压源的并联三相变流器环流抑制控制方法

三相变流器并联运行能提高系统可靠性和传输容量,然而并联结构为环流提供了流通路径,可能导致供电质量降低,运行损耗增加,为此必须采取措施抑制环流。本文以变流器作为电流控制电压源,通过增加环路等值阻抗的方法抑制环流。经分析可知,变流器输出电压不对称及线路参数不对称引起的零序环流和谐波环流流经相同的路径,采集并联变流器系统环流,经转移阻抗计算得到输出电压,并与正常运行时的控制系统输出电压叠加,环流回路相当于增加了该转移阻抗。仿真结果表明,采用该方法且转移阻抗选择纯电阻时,零序环流和谐波环流均能进行有效抑制。     

基于分布式控制的不同容量逆变器并联技术研究

针对不同容量逆变电源的并联,提出了一种双外环分布式并联控制方案,使得系统由负载电流的大小决定所需并联模块数以及并入系统的各并联逆变模块按自身容量比例分担负载电流,并能有效抑制系统环流,实现系统的冗余并联。该控制方法包括三个控制环:电流内环改善系统动态响应,电压外环确保系统的稳定性,电流外环跟随功率分配单元输出的电流信号来确定该模块所分担的负载电流的大小。其中功率分配单元根据负载电流和逆变电源额定电流的大小确定并联模块数,并提供各逆变模块的投切信号和电流外环给定信号以实现系统的负载电流分配和冗余控制。理论分析和仿真实验验证了该方案的可行性。     

Compensation for neutral point potential in a three‐level inverter using motor currents of a permanent magnet synchronous motor and its characteristics

A three‐level inverter has several advantages of large capacity, large voltage, and low current waveform distortion. However, there is an important problem of neutral point potential variation in three‐level inverters. The variation causes an unbalance in the dc link voltage levels and current waveform distortion. In this paper, we propose a new method to control the neutral point potential. First, the neutral point potential variation in a three‐level inverter for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive is analyzed by state variable method and is calculated on the basis of the analytic results. Second, using the estimated value, proposed compensation for the variation can be done. Third, analytic and experimental results of the proposed method are compared with the results of feedforward compensation by simply adjusting the vector output intervals. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(4): 56–63, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10033     

A novel PWM scheme for a three-level voltage source inverter withGTO thyristors

This paper presents a new PWM method for the three-level GTO inverters based on the space voltage vectors. With the proposed PWM method, we can minimize the harmonic components of the output voltage by avoiding the minimum pulse width limitation problem of the GTO thyristors and keeping the voltage balancing of the DC-link capacitors. The principle of the proposed PWM method and the voltage vector output sequences are described in detail. Computer simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed PWM method is suitable for high voltage and large capacity three-level GTO inverters applied to induction motor drives     

基于SVPWM补偿优化的三电平NPC并网逆变器容错控制

为保证并网系统中三电平中点箝位（neutral point clamped,NPC）型并网逆变器单相桥臂短路或断路故障后持续运行,提出一种基于空间矢量脉宽调制（space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM）的优化补偿型低共模电压容错控制策略。首先,通过分析故障后八开关三相逆变器（eight switch three phase inverters,ESTPI）拓扑开关状态对应的共模电压大小,确定参考电压矢量合成规则;然后通过一个基波周期内中点电流情况分析中点电位波动机理,进而对空间矢量合成进行调节补偿,并设计低通滤波器和滞环控制器进一步对补偿进行优化调整,保证并网电流质量的同时有效抑制了直流母线中点电位偏移。仿真结果表明,该容错控制策略能够实现三电平NPC并网逆变器单相桥臂故障后并网系统的稳定可靠运行,每个基波周期有三分之一时间的共模电压得到改善,优化补偿后的并网电流质量显著提高,且在并网电流突变时具备良好的控制特性。     

High‐efficiency and low‐acoustic‐noise drive system using an open‐winding AC motor and two space vector modulated inverters

The combining of the outputs of two inverters using interphase reactors is a widely used method for supplying large AC drives rated at more than several thousand kilowatts. Certain drawbacks are associated with this method, such as high acoustic noise and high losses due to the interphase reactors. To overcome this problem, in this paper a new low‐acoustic‐noise and high‐efficiency drive system using an open‐winding AC motor and two space vector modulated inverters is proposed. This configuration consists of a three‐level inverter with switching once per cycle and a two‐level inverter of about 1 kHz switching frequency, connected to the opposite terminals of the open‐winding motor. With the proposed configuration, good current waveforms and high efficiency can be obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(3): 46–57, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10157     

Current regulator instabilities on parallel voltage-sourceinverters

Parallel inverters are often used to meet system power requirements beyond the capacity of the largest single structure. They have also been used to reduce harmonics, reduce pulsewidth modulation (PWM) switching frequency and increase available output voltage or frequency. The type of parallel structure depends on the construction of the load motor; the most prevalent are dual three-phase machines, split-phase machines, six-phase machines, and a standard three-phase machine with interphase reactors. Operation of parallel structures presents areas for investigation encompassing analysis, simulation, control, and design. This paper reports on the commissioning of a 775 HP dual-winding three-phase motor with parallel inverters. A simple method of paralleling structures with carrier-based PWM current regulators to independently regulate each inverter's current is employed. Experimental results show a loss of current control that is similar to a random event. The instability between the parallel inverters and the common motor can result in large uncontrolled currents. Simulations established that the reduction in controller gain, as the regulator enters the PWM pulse-dropping or overmodulation region, results in a loss of current control. Experimental results show the loss of current control is the result of an interaction between the parallel inverters through the dual-wound three-phase motor. Modifications were made to the modulator and a two-phase discontinuous controller was employed; the gain characteristic of the two-phase modulator in the overmodulation region extends the dynamic range of the motor drive     

基于混成自动机理论的间歇性电源并网多逆变器并联环流抑制方法

针对间歇性电源并网多逆变器并联运行环流突出、抑制困难的问题,论文提出运用混成自动机理论抑制间歇性电源并网多逆变器并联环流。论文首先详细分析间歇性电源并网多逆变器并联运行的混成特征和环流产生原理,得出逆变器输出电压与环流大小的数学关系。然后深入研究运用混成自动机理论建模与控制实现间歇性电源并网多逆变器并联运行环流控制的原理、方法,根据开关器件工作状态与逆变器输出电压的关系设计多逆变器并联环流混成控制器。最后,通过Matlab仿真平台进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,本文所设计的环流控制器与相应的环流抑制方法的正确性与可行性,采用混成自动机模型能够实现较好的环流控制效果,能有效抑制多并联逆变器间的环流。     

基于自适应虚拟阻抗的微电网控制策略研究

在低压微电网多逆变器并联系统中,逆变器等效输出阻抗一般呈阻性或阻感性,传统下垂控制方法会造成无功功率分配不均和系统环流.为解决该问题,提出了在传统电压电流双环控制环节引入虚拟阻抗,调节逆变器等效输出阻抗为感性,提高逆变器输出无功功率分配精度和抑制系统环流.为了进一步解决引入虚拟阻抗造成的系统电压降落,加入自适应控制,使虚拟阻抗值随着母线电压幅值波动在线调整,补偿逆变器输出电压参考值,减小母线电压偏差,提高供电质量.仿真结果验证了该控制策略的有效性..     

一种新型恒压恒频逆变电源闭环控制策略

提出一种新型三相恒压恒频（Constant-Voltage Constant-Frequence，简称CVCF）SVPWM逆变电源闭环控制策略，目的是简化控制结构并同时保持良好的控制性能。在分析两相同步旋转坐标系下逆变器输出侧数学模型的基础上。提出一种新型闭环控制策略。该方法令两相同步旋转坐标系的d轴沿输出电压矢量方向，并对输出电压d，q轴分量分别进行PI调节。利用向量图分析了所提出的控制策略的有效性。该新型闭环控制策略只需两个电压霍尔，控制结构非常简单。仿真和实验结果均证明，本文提出的闭环控制策略具有很好的稳态及动态性能。     

大容量多重化逆变器的输出电压谐波分析

针对目前缺乏对大容量多重化逆变器的输出电压谐波进行全面分析和比较的现状,根据多重化变压器的不同结构,将现有的典型多重化逆变器分为3类并从理论上推导出了它们的输出电压及谐波电压幅值表达式;给出了电压谐波畸变系数与重数和脉冲控制参数间的变化关系;对比分析了它们的电压谐波畸变率。理论和仿真分析结果的一致性表明由三电平逆变桥构成的多重化逆变器不仅能以较低的重数实现高压大容量输出,还可获得满意的电压谐波畸变率,且可有效减小变压器体积、重量和损耗,因而更适用于高压大容量电力电子装置。     

Characteristics comparison of high‐frequency multilevel inverter connected with filter inverters

This paper presents a characteristics comparison of a high‐frequency multilevel inverter connected with small‐ capacity filter inverters. In general, PWM inverters require a low‐pass filter in order to reduce switching harmonics. However, in the high‐frequency systems such as class D power amplifiers, the cutoff frequency of the low‐pass filter must be set at high frequency. Thus, harmonic distortion of the output voltage is enlarged to a harmful level. Increasing the number of output voltage levels is effective in reducing the harmonic distortion of the output voltage and the low‐pass filter size. The proposed systems consist of a five‐level inverter and several cascade‐connected low‐voltage full bridge inverters without any external DC power sources for filtering the output voltage. The five‐level inverter generates a stepwise waveform with five‐level voltage, and the low‐voltage filter inverter superimposes harmonic components to compensate for the voltage waveform distortion. Therefore, the proposed system can reduce its total switching loss and can increase the number of the output voltage levels. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed systems is verified through several experiments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(3): 58–65, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20373     

Soft‐switching converter with low circulating current and wide range of ZVS turn‐on

In this paper, a new hybrid dc–dc converter with low circulating current within the freewheeling interval, wide range of zero‐voltage switching and reduced output current ripple is presented. The proposed hybrid circuit includes two three‐level pulse‐width modulation converters and a series resonant converter with the shard lagging‐leg switches. Series resonant converter is operated at fixed switching frequency (close to series resonant frequency) to extend the zero‐voltage switching range of lagging‐leg switches. The output of series resonant converter is connected to the secondary sides of three‐level converters to produce a positive rectified voltage instead of zero voltage. Hence, the output inductances can be reduced. The reflected positive voltage is used to decrease the circulating current to zero during the freewheeling interval. Therefore, the circulating current losses in three‐level converters are improved. Finally, experiments are presented for a 1.44 kW prototype circuit converting 800 V input to an output voltage 24 V/60A. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采用参考电压调节的并联逆变器控制技术

为解决用于大功率电机传动系统的逆变器并联控制问题,就如何改变各逆变器瞬时参考电压的控制方法进行研究.在建立电机电流和并联逆变器环流等效电路模型的基础上,分析电机电流和环流的控制原理,继而提出基于改变逆变器瞬时参考电压的主从式矢量控制策略,并给出系统均流控制具体的实现方法,最后对控制系统性能进行仿真分析.结果表明该控制方...     

基于环流阻抗的逆变器并联控制策略

目前,多逆变器并联系统大多采用均值均流控制策略。均值均流控制一般采用环流有功及环流无功进行调相、调幅控制。对于无并机电感的逆变器并联系统,通过环流功率对输出参考电压调相、调幅的调节控制关系与逆变器波形控制参数有关。文中提出了环流阻抗概念,并把它应用到并联系统的均流控制中。根据环流阻抗利用环流直接控制输出参考电压的幅值与相位,实现了无并机电感的并联系统的均流控制。文中对并联系统进行分析获取了模块环流阻抗的数学模型。文中研究基于环流阻抗的均流控制调节器设计。实验结果验证了此均流控制策略是可行的且均流效果良好。     

混合四电平电压源逆变器及其中点电位控制

针对传统多电平逆变器结构较复杂的缺点,提出了一种混合四电平三相三桥臂电压源逆变器的拓扑结构及其中点电位控制方法,该拓扑结构将直流侧三个分压电容的电压调整为1∶2∶1的比例,利用相与相之间的电压差来实现与传统五电平结构相同的输出线电压电平数。与传统NPC型五电平逆变器相比,该结构所需开关器件更少,具有更高的经济效益。针对拓扑结构提出的中点电位控制方法,能够实现直流侧电容电压的平衡。通过在给定条件下的MATLAB/Simulink仿真验证,仿真结果为中频逆变电源的开发研制提供了一定的参考依据。     

微网虚拟同步发电机下的自适应滑模控制策略

虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)通常用作微网逆变器中各种分布式电源的接口,以便使系统具有更大的惯性。负荷中的不平衡和非线性负载会对逆变器输出电压造成的影响。为此,设计了一种电压自适应滑模控制器。以VSG作为基础控制器,然后根据系统在αβ坐标系下的方程,将系统的负载电流作为扰动,设计自适应扰动补偿,使系统能在保持稳定的条件下,减少输出电压的抖振。最后,对控制策略进行仿真,结果验证了控制策略在电压不平衡与谐波抑制方面的有效性与鲁棒性,提高了微网逆变器输出电压的电能质量,减少了并联逆变器之间的环流。     

基于改进PR控制器的新能源并网检测平台设计

提出一种新能源并网检测平台,用于并网逆变器的性能检测。该平台采用背靠背式PWM变换器的电路拓扑结构,整流器采用基于LC滤波的三相整流器,逆变器采用三个H桥逆变器,分别发生三相电压。检测平台采用电压电流双环控制策略,能够模拟电网电压幅值跌落、三相不平衡、电压谐波及频率偏差等电能质量实际运行情况。为提高输出电压稳态精度,提出一种基波和谐波分开控制的改进的PR控制器,应用于逆变器的控制系统,通过极点配置的方式进行控制参数设计。实验验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

逆变器并联系统直流环流产生原因及其检测与抑制方法

对于无输出隔离变压器的逆变器并联系统，各模块输出电压直流分量不一致会在模块间产生较大的直流环流。该文分析了逆变器输出电压产生直流分量的原因，介绍了逆变器并联系统直流环流检测和抑制方法。通过对逆变器基准正弦波直流分量的高精度数字调节，相应调节逆变器输出电压直流分量以抑制直流环流。在由两台3kVA逆变器组成的并联系统上进行的试验结果证明，该文介绍的直流环流检测与抑制方法对逆变器并联系统直流环流有较好的抑制效果。