Dual AC-drive system with a reduced switch count

A dual current-regulated pulsewidth-modulated voltage-source inverter based on multiple two-phase PWM inverters, also called a B4 topology, requiring a dual AC-drive system with reduced switch count is proposed. The drive utilizes a total of only eight switches to produce two sets of three-phase or two-phase sinusoidal output currents that can be employed to feed three-phase or two-phase induction motors. A suitable control strategy of this new scheme is shown to minimize the single-phase current now through the DC-link capacitors, which is a common problem in reduced-switch-count topologies. In order to verify the performance of the motor drive system, an application on traction of an electric vehicle is carried out. Results show that the AC current through the DC link can be minimized, and when utilizing two-phase motors on the proposed dual drive, the reduced voltage gain problem, also common in B4 topologies feeding three-phase motors, can be solved     

基于DPWM1的无差拍解耦控制的三相并网逆变器

针对三相并网逆变器的特点,提出了一种新的基于不连续PWM调制的无差拍解耦控制策略。和传统不加补偿的无差拍控制器相比,新的无差拍控制器在相同的采样频率下可以减少输出电流脉动和畸变,改善了三相并网逆变器的性能。分析了不同不连续PWM的特点,根据三相并网逆变器的特点,DPWM1方式被采用。采用电网电压定向矢量控制和无差拍控制,实现了三相并网逆变器的d轴电流和q轴电流的解耦控制,使d轴电流控制三相并网逆变器的有功功率,q轴电流控制三相并网逆变器的无功功率。加了控制延时补偿的无差拍控制器,具备非常快速的动态响应能力,真正实现一拍达到给定值。实验结果验证了该方案的可行性和正确性。     

基于改进PR控制器的新能源并网检测平台设计

提出一种新能源并网检测平台,用于并网逆变器的性能检测。该平台采用背靠背式PWM变换器的电路拓扑结构,整流器采用基于LC滤波的三相整流器,逆变器采用三个H桥逆变器,分别发生三相电压。检测平台采用电压电流双环控制策略,能够模拟电网电压幅值跌落、三相不平衡、电压谐波及频率偏差等电能质量实际运行情况。为提高输出电压稳态精度,提出一种基波和谐波分开控制的改进的PR控制器,应用于逆变器的控制系统,通过极点配置的方式进行控制参数设计。实验验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

Control strategies for direct torque control using discrete pulsemodulation

A scheme for direct torque control of AC machines using discrete pulse-modulated inverters such as the resonant DC link inverter is presented. A unique feature of the control method is that only one current sensor in the DC link is required. Excellent control of torque, stator flux, and motor current waveshapes is seen to be obtained without affecting the high dynamic performance associated with direct self control (DSC) of machines. By defining a control that does not use the zero voltage vector, an observer is purposed for estimation of the motor current using only one current sensor in the DC link. A direct bang-bang (sliding mode) torque controller is then derived on the basis of this current observer. Experimental verification of simulation results is included on a resonant DC link inverter drive with a switching frequency of 27 kHz. The inverter switching scheme is implemented using a real-time Motorola DSP56000 digital signal processor-based controller     

Micro-stepping control of a two-phase linear stepping motor with three-phase VSI inverter for high-speed applications

This paper presents a synchronous frame current control scheme for micro-stepping a two-phase linear stepping motor drive using a three-phase voltage-source inverter. Because of the wide operating frequency, the frequency-dependent voltages are decoupled from the controller to reduce the current-following errors and preserve the dynamic characteristics as the frequency varies. A motor cogging force compensation scheme performed in the synchronous frame is proposed to reduce the positioning error and velocity ripple caused by the cogging force. A space-vector pulse width modulation scheme is used for motor voltage modulation. This scheme is based on the harmonic injection principle originally derived for three-phase motor drives. Good static and dynamic performance is obtained in the experimental verifications.     

Carrier phase error detection method and synchronization control of parallel‐connected PWM inverters without signal line

In recent years, parallel operation of inverters is employed to increase reliability and capacity in an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system. A phase error in PWM carrier‐signals of each inverter causes high‐frequency loop current between inverters. Therefore, the PWM carrier‐signal of each inverter should be adjusted in phase. This paper proposes a detection method of phase error in PWM carrier‐signal and its application to synchronization control for parallel‐connected inverters. A simple definite‐integral circuit achieves detection of the carrier phase error from high‐frequency loop current using no signal line between inverters. The detected carrier phase error is applied to synchronize the PWM carrier‐signal through a PI compensator, and then the high‐frequency loop current can be suppressed. Several experimental test results show the validity of the proposed detection method and synchronization control. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(1): 63– 71, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( http://www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20143     

Control of PWM voltage inverters in the pulse dropping region

This article explores in detail the operation of PWM inverters in the pulse dropping or overmodulation region. A discussion of the improvement obtained from the compensated modulation technique (CMT) method when compared to the previous approximate approach demonstrates an improvement in accuracy. A review of space vector overmodulation techniques reveals the similarities and differences with sine wave overmodulation. Finally, simulation and experimental results demonstrate the CMT's accuracy and controlled transition throughout the operating regions of V/Hz and current regulated PWM inverters     

永磁无刷电机对拖系统仿真分析

针对两台结构相同分别作为电动机和发电机的永磁无刷电机进行研究,两台电机对拖运行,电动机由PWM型逆变器驱动,发电机以三相Y形联接电阻箱为负载,仿真了三种等效电压相同,不同PWM占空比情况下的电动机和发电机的电流。发电机电流通过有限元法仿真得到,电动机电流利用反电势查表法通过有限元和MAT-LAB的联合仿真得到。仿真结果与实验结果相吻合,并在此基础上对对拖系统进行了损耗分析。通过研究发现,电动机和发电机的损耗并不相同,造成对拖运行的两台相同的电机发热不同。     

Grid Harmonic and Control Delay Compensation for Three-phase Grid-connected VSIs in Small Wind Turbine Systems

Voltage space vector pulse-width modulation(SVPWM) has been widely applied to control current in threephase vohage source inverters (VSI).However,as a voltage type modulator,SVPWM has certain drawbacks compared with current type modulators for grid-connected applications.For a grid-connected VSI,the performance of existing current controllers based on SVPWM is compromised by grid harmonics,control delay and system nonlinearities such as switching dead time.Moreover,unlike current type PWM,SVPWM does not inherently have over-current protection.A novel SVPWM-based current controller is proposed for three-phase grid-connected VSIs for small wind turbine applications.To overcome the drawbacks of SVPWM,a grid harmonic compensation method is proposed along with compensation for control delays.Both simulation and experimental results have established excellent steady-state response and fast dynamic response of the current controller.In addition,the DSP-based control system has both improved real-time control performance and fast response for over-current protection.     

组合式三相逆变器并联控制技术研究

为减小逆变器并联系统中的环流,此处分析了一种无功闭环调压、有功闭环调相控制策略.建立了两台组合式三相逆变器并联系统的数学模型,基于逆变器输出有功和无功的表达式,在频域中设计了两个控制器的参数,建立了两台10 kVA原理样机,实验结果表明该并联控制策略可有效地抑制环流.该三相逆变器拓扑及并联控制技术可推广应用到大功率逆变...     

基于二阶线性自抗扰的风电并网逆变器电压控制

为了提高直驱永磁风电并网逆变器直流侧电压的稳定,设计了一种二阶线性自抗扰(LADRC)的并网逆变器电压控制器。建立了三相PWM电压源型并网逆变器的数学模型,分析了其传统的双闭环PI控制方式,在此基础上设计了二阶LADRC控制器来代替传统的电压外环PI控制器,目的是使直流侧电压快速稳定,减小波动。分析了电压外环二阶LADRC控制器的设计原理,最后通过在Matlab/Simulink搭建1.5 MW直驱永磁风力发电机组仿真验证所设计控制器的有效性。结果表明,相对于传统的控制方式,所设计的二阶LADRC控制器电压的稳定速度更快,并网电流的总谐波畸变率(THD)更小。即使在电网电压发生扰动时,也能有一个良好的控制性能,提高了直流侧电压的抗干扰能力。     

A New Three-Phase Current Source Inverter with Flexible PWM Capability

A new three-phase current source inverter topology is presented, consisting of three single-phase bridge inverters connected in series and feeding the isolated windings of a standard three-phase induction motor. Because a current zero in one phase now does not affect the others, it enables the implementation of a wide range of current PWM patterns for the reduction and selective elimination of torque pulsations. Furthermore, this system allows for very fast control of the fundamental load current through the use of sinusoidal PWM, a method that was not possible to implement on existing inverter topologies.     

A Series-Connected Three-Level Inverter Topology for Medium-Voltage Squirrel-Cage Motor Drive Applications

The application of pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) voltages using two-level high-voltage inverters to a squirrel-cage induction motor (SQIM) can cause heating of rotor shaft, voltage spike across the motor terminals, etc. The increase in the number of steps of the motor voltage and hence decreasing the $dv/dt$ applied to the machine terminals can be a solution to this problem. The existing topologies that generate this multistep voltage include cascading of a number of single-phase inverters or use of higher order multilevel inverters. In this paper, a topology with series connection of three-phase three-level inverters is proposed, which addresses the problems of medium-voltage drives. The design of the inverter topology and its various PWM techniques are presented in this paper. This inverter topology and its control are verified on a 7.5-hp SQIM drive. Experimental results validate the steady-state and dynamic performances of the drive.      

Analysis of PWM Techniques Using Uniform Sampling in Variable-Speed Electrical Drives with Large Speed Range

In order to minimize motor losses and avoid torque pulsations in a variable-speed electric drives, it is necessary that, at low speeds, the output voltage of the inverter is characterized as far as possible by a sinusoidal shape with variable amplitude and frequency. To this aim, inverters controlled by pulsewidth modulation techniques are employed. In particular, when the subharmonic method is used in an asynchronous way utilizing the natural sampling, a dc component and subharmonics may be present, with dangerous consequences to the electric motor. To overcome these drawbacks, one can use a modulation method called ``uniform sampling,' with symmetrical or asymmetrical modulation. Single-and three-phase analytical solutions to cover also overmodulation conditions are presented for uniform sampling, and comparisons are made between the natural and the symmetrical and asymmetrical uniform-sampling methods. The harmonic content obtainable under overmodulation conditions is investigated, useful information about the first-harmonic behavior is provided as a function of the modulating depth, and the influence of the displacement angle between the modulating and carrier waves on the first harmonic of the output voltage is evidenced particularly at low frequency values.     

基于基波电压幅值线性输出控制的 SVPWM过调制新算法

传统的空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）过调制控制需要预先存储大量的数据，系统存储量庞大，但控制精度却不理想。该文提出了一种新颖的基于基波电压幅值线性输出控制的SVPWM过调制算法，该算法不需要存储数据，能够使逆变器平滑的从线性调制工作状态过渡到六阶梯波工作状态，非常适合数字化应用。文中分析了应用该算法以后，逆变器输出电压的谐波畸变（THD）情况，以及主要谐波成分百分含量的变化情况，并和其它控制算法进行了技术指标对比。分析及相关实验证明，该算法具有输出基波电压增益线形、谐波电压含量低以及实现简单的优点，非常适合异步电机实际应用。     

A circulating current control scheme for multiple three‐level NPC inverter systems

In recent years, motor drive systems for steel rolling mills have been steadily increasing in capacity. In particular, the development of three‐level NPC (Neutral Point Clamped) inverters is now focusing on the replacement of cycloconverters. In order to satisfy such a requirement, in this paper a multiple three‐level NPC inverter system is proposed. The configuration consists of two three‐level NPC inverters with the same configuration connected in parallel by current limiting reactors. In this case, the circulating current flowing between the two three‐level NPC inverters must be controlled to prevent a decrease in the maximum output capacity. In particular, a new method for control of the circulating current is a major topic of discussion. The method is based on space voltage vector‐based PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control for the three‐level NPC inverters and the circulating current is controlled by adjusting the output durations of the respective space voltage vectors. In this method the circulating current controller can be decoupled from the motor current controller. Therefore, it is possible to design the different controllers independently. In addition, the experimental results obtained using an induction motor show that the circulating current can be reduced to within 2% of the rated motor current when the motor current response exceeds 1000 rad/s. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(2): 38–48, 2001     

四象限级联型多电平变换器的PWM整流器控制

分析了四象限级联型多电平变换器的功率单元中,H桥逆变器输出功率的脉动对PWM整流器控制尤其是对其直流母线电压的影响.提出外环控制器为直流母线电压反馈与负裁功率前馈相结合、内环电流控制为比例积分加谐振(PIR)调节器的PWM整流器控制策略.实验表明该控制策略即使在直流母线电容容量很小时,仍然能得到较为稳定的直流母线电压,验证了控制策略的有效性.     

基于DSP矢量控制中检测反馈电流新方法

在三相电机的矢量控制中,反馈电流的值是由电流传感器(TA)直接检测得到的,这就要求至少使用2个电流传感器。提出利用数字信号处理器(DSP)的实时计算功能,采用1个电阻测量3个反馈电流的方法。但是,在空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术中,当PWM频率很高时,硬件限制了反馈电流的采样。因此,提出通过扩大PWM的周期解决硬件限制问题,即扩大法。但该方法降低了PWM的输出频率,从而影响电机的控制。又提出另一种改进的方法,即补偿法,该方法在不改变PWM周期的条件下,通过补偿主控周期中的一个PWM周期内用于电流采样的开关变化间隙时间,解决了硬件限制问题。给出了电流采样的硬件电路和补偿法程序流程图,在功率400 W的异步电机做实验结果表明,补偿法比扩大法的应用范围更大、效率更高。     

永磁无刷直流电动机不同PWM调节方式比较

永磁无刷直流电机采用两相导通六状态工作模式时,三相绕组存在都导电的情形,这使电机的中性点平均电压发生变化,从而引起相电流变化,导致电机转矩脉动。文章分析了5种调制方式的电机中性点平均电压波动大小,给出了中性点平均电压公式。比较结果显示,调制方式2转矩波动最小,为PWM调制方式的选择提供了理论依据。     

一种软起动电源系统及其逆变器的无线并联控制

提出一种应用于轨道机车辅助电源的三相交流电源系统,由位于各车厢的逆变器并联构成。各逆变器独立带本车厢负载变频软起动,达到稳态运行后通过无互联线并联控制实现并联运行。为有效抑制逆变器并联瞬间电流冲击,提出基于空间矢量控制(space vector control,SVC)特性和依据输出功率母线电压相位的热并机准同步控制,结合下垂法均流算法,该控制改善了稳态均流性能和动态过程可靠性。分析并机电感参数对逆变器及其并联系统特性的影响,并给出设计原则。搭建两台逆变器组成的并联系统并进行动态和稳态实验,验证了所提出系统及控制的可行性。