声表面波在MOA比例单元中的热特性研究

无间隙金属氧化物避雷器(MOA)的在线监测是保证电力系统可靠运行的重要措施,实时获取MOA的在线状态,成为避雷器在线监测的热点.本文在介绍避雷器常用测温方式的基础上,分析声表面波(SAW)温度传感器的测温原理并由此分析了SAW器件应用于避雷器在线监测的可行性,本文利用无线无源SAW温度传感器设计了MOA比例单元温度测量的应用方案,通过比例单元动作负载试验的热特性试验,验证了SAW技术应用于避雷器在线监测的正确性,改进了以往测试方式,提高了测量精度,对应用于MOA在线监测有重要的参考价值.     

RFID无源无线温度传感器与空心电抗器的融合设计与试验

空心电抗器的内部温度一直缺乏有效的监测手段。在其内部安装无源无线温度传感器可以有效解决空心电抗器内部温度监测问题。文中将RFID无源无线温度传感器安装在空心电抗器内部,对信号屏蔽,绝缘,涡流温升,电磁干扰等融合问题进行了全面的仿真、计算和实验研究,结果表明:RFID无源无线温度传感器可以克服空心电抗器屏蔽,实现正常通信;空心电抗器绝缘裕度足够,通过了雷电冲击耐受试验和匝间过电压试验考核;在温升试验中,改进后的传感器涡流温升很小,不影响对空心电抗器温度的测量;RFID无源无线温度传感器温度测量值与空心电抗器本体温度接近。空心电抗器不产生高频电磁场干扰,不影响传感器正常工作。综上所述,在空心电抗器内部安装RFID无源无线温度传感器可以有效地监测其内部温度。     

开关柜内电磁场分布的驻波特性研究及其应用

基于声表面波温度传感器的无源无线温度在线监测系统在开关柜内的应用,可实现触点过热故障隐患的早期预警,保障高压开关设备的长期可靠运行。而传感器的无源、无线的特性,要求发射天线与传感器天线之间存在良好的电磁场分布以保证可靠的温度信号采集。本文深入分析了开关柜内电磁场分布的驻波特性,并对影响驻波特性的因素做了仿真和实验验证分析,最后提出了它对基于声表面波温度传感器的无源无线温度在线监测系统工程应用的启示。     

无源无线热故障管理系统在66 kV变电站的应用

在电力系统中,各类设备的开断接触点可能因为松动、老化等原因造成接触电阻增大,使触点温度不断上升,给电网安全带来隐患。无源无线热故障管理系统采用了声表面波(SAW)传感技术,文中介绍了该技术的优势、工作原理及在66 kV变电站的应用情况,为电力测温提供最优解决方案。     

折线型IDT的SAW微力传感器设计研究

声表面波(SAW)微力传感器易于集成和小型化,无源无线的工作方式,具有极大的应用潜力。将其应用于物体间微间隙压力检测有望实现高灵敏、低功耗的监测水平。针对复杂环境中存在的测量灵敏度问题,设计了一种具有折线形状的叉指换能器(IDT)的SAW微力传感器。采用有限元分析方法(FEM)对其进行了仿真分析和结构参数设计。理论分析与实验表明,设计的传感器质量灵敏度可达284.16 kg/m~2,高于直线形IDT的SAW传感器185.97 kg/m~2,验证了此结构能够有效提高器件的质量灵敏度,及在微间隙环境下压力监测的可行性。     

声表面波传感技术在能源互联网在线监测中的应用研究综述

随着全球能源互联网的发展和智能电网的深入建设,亟需监测电网中的多种非电量信息。基于声表面波技术可制成多种传感器,具有无源无线、体积小、易维护、抗电磁干扰等特点。梳理声表面波技术原理,以谐振型和延迟线型两种结构为基础,研究温度传感器、SF_6气体传感器和设备标签传感器的工作原理、技术特点和性能指标,分析上述无源无线传感器在电网中的应用前景,指出利用上述传感器组成无线传感网络,可在电网的非电量监测领域发挥重要作用。     

基于 UHFGen２标准的无源无线电力设备 温度采集系统设计

提出一种基于UHF Gen2无线射频技术的无源无线电力设备温度采集系统,该系统中的温度采集器通过UHF Gen2无线射频技术与无源无线射频温度传感器通信,实时采集测点温度数据,并上送电力设备温度在线监视后台。     

声表面波无线测温技术在钢铁企业变电站的应用

针对高压开关柜温度不易监测问题,提出了基于声表面波技术的无线无源传感器温度监测新方法,使用该检测手段实时在线监测高压开关设备内的温度。对声表面波温度传感器的结构及声表面波无线无源温度系统的组成部分进行了阐述,经实际应用案例表明,运用该技术搭建的温度监测系统大大提高了钢铁企业供电设备的在线监测水平,具有安装方便、测量精度高、运行安全可靠等优点。     

基于UHF Gen2标准的无源无线电力设备温度采集系统设计

提出一种基于UHF Gen2无线射频技术的无源无线电力设备温度采集系统,该系统中的温度采集器通过UHF Gen2无线射频技术与无源无线射频温度传感器通信,实时采集测点温度数据,并上送电力设备温度在线监视后台。     

声表面波(SAW)传感器断路器触臂安装方式可行性研究

由于高压开关柜过热问题引发的供电安全事故时有发生,然而高压开关柜全部为金属密封结构,其发热导电部位被金属遮挡,常规的红外测温手段无法对其内部情况进行测量,因此在开关柜内部安装在线测温装置成为一种有效手段。声表面波(SAW)测温技术具有无源无线、运行可靠性高、维护工作量小等特点,是目前应用较为广泛的高压开关柜测温技术手段。但是不同厂家生产的SAW传感器安装位置与方式不一,不同的安装方式对测温结果的有效性和系统安全性带来了影响。文中针对声表面波(SAW)传感器手车开关导电臂安装方式的可行性进行了分析和论述。通过工频耐压试验、雷电冲击试验和局部放电检测验证了该安装方式的绝缘安全性能。另外通过对开关柜和手车开关整体做温升试验,从而验证手车开关导电臂安装方式下SAW传感器温度监测数据的准确性、实时性和有效性。     

Sensors based on saw resonator with “nontraditional formats” of output signal

It is demonstrated that the sensitivity of sensors based on two-port surface acoustic waves (SAW) resonators increases by a factor of Q (Q-loaded quality factor of the resonator) if the output signal of these sensors is represented in the phase format instead of the conventional frequency format. Practical possibility of use of the SAW gas sensor with phase format of transmitted signal as output signal is demonstrated using procedure of the determination of the water contents in gaseous nitrogen with 386 MHz ST-quartz SAW resonator as an example. It is found that the SAW power affects the sensor response owing to the influence of the SAW intensity on the equilibrium amount of water molecules adsorbed on the resonator surface. Extremely high sensor sensitivity was obtained when using phase format of reflected signal as a sensor output. Using such a format of sensor output we have reliably measured the change of temperature of ST-quartz SAW sensor substrate as small as 0.01^∘C.     

绝缘子温湿度在线监测技术研究

为降低绝缘子发生污闪的概率,需对影响绝缘子泄漏电流的温湿度值进行在线监测。为克服现有的在线监测温湿度技术在高环境温度和强电磁干扰等各种恶劣的环境下可靠性低的不足,采用了一种新的基于声表面波射频识别(SAWRFID)的绝缘子温湿度在线监测方法。首先对该SAW-RFID温湿度传感器标签芯片进行了通信测试、中心频率测试和性能测试,并基于该温湿度传感器对XP-70型绝缘子进行了实验,利用SAW-RFID温湿度传感器标签监测绝缘子温湿度,在此基础上分析得到了环境温湿度与绝缘子泄漏电流幅值的关系,为预估绝缘子绝缘性能提供了参考依据。     

Effects of rapid thermal annealing on surface acoustic wave ultraviolet sensors using ZnO nanorods grown on AlN/Si structures

In this study, we demonstrate a high sensitivity of surface acoustic wave (SAW) ultraviolet (UV) sensor based on ZnO nanorods (NRs) grown on an aluminum nitride (AlN)/silicon (Si) layered structure. The one-dimensional ZnO NRs act as a high-UV sensing material due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. The fabrication of SAW UV sensor is entirely compatible with micro/nano electromechanical (M/NEMS) process with conventional lithography and synthesized ZnO NRs by hydrothermal method at low temperature. The rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process effectively improved the optical properties of ZnO NRs and the sensitivity of the SAW UV sensors. The resulting SAW UV sensors responded to various UV light intensities, and the RTA-processed samples showed high sensitivity. The SAW UV sensor after RTA treatment at 600 °C showed the highest sensitivity with a 130 kHz frequency shift at a UV light intensity of at 0.6 mW/cm², a 5-fold increase in sensitivity compare with as-grown sample.     

Surface acoustic wave sensors to detect volatile gases by measuring output phase shift

This paper presents properties of saw acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensors to detect volatile gases such as acetone, methanol, and ethanol by measuring phase shift. A dual-delay-line saw sensors with a center frequency of 100 MHz were fabricated on 128^∘ Y-Z LiNbO₃ piezoelectric substrate. In order to improve sensitivity of SAW sensors, a thin titanium (Ti) film as mass sensitive layer was deposited using e-beam evaporation on the surface of the SAW sensors. In our investigation the response time and sensitivity of SAW sensors were measured. The response time and sensitivity of SAW sensor with thin Ti film were strongly improved because of changing electrical and mechanical properties in the mass sensitive layer. As a result, high sensitivity and fast response time could be achieved by deposition of thin Ti film as mass sensitive layer on the surface of SAW sensor. It can be applied for high performance electronic nose system by assembling an array of different sensors.     

智能型高压电气设备温度监测预警系统

为实现高压电气设备开断点和接触点处温升的实时在线临测和预控,达到智能型系统的要求,基于有源RFID技术,PN数字温度传感技术与低功耗、接触式、主动型测温产品组合,引入先进的等电位、无源、间续工作、无线、抗电磁干扰等技术,克服了电力运行环境下高电压、大电流、强电磁干扰、测温元件安装困难的技术难题.同时避免了线路(包括光纤)连接传感器会改变电气爬电距离的缺点,能够全天候地测量高压电气设备的过热隐患,并可通过软件分析预测各测温点的温度走势,为设备维护检修提供准确的决策依据,保证供电的安全可靠.     

SAW-based radio sensor systems for short-range applications

Wireless autonomous surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors offer high flexibility for modern sensor systems. Because no battery or wiring is required for power-supply and communication tasks, they can be advantageously employed for nearly all kinds of short-range identification and measurement applications, where the use of conventional sensors, e.g., on moving or rotating parts or in industrial process chambers. Here, the basics of SAW-based radio sensor systems are reviewed and different examples out of a manifold of possible applications are given. Wireless SAW identification and sensor systems operate stable and maintenance free over many years even in harsh industrial environments. With a fast readout of only a few microseconds, a readout-distance of up to several meters, and a high sensor stability, even at temperatures above 200 /spl deg/C, these highly flexible SAW-based radio systems are ideally suited for a multitude of measurement tasks in industrial, automotive, transportation, and domestic applications.     

Wireless and batteryless SAW sensors,a promising solution for harsh environments

In this paper,general principle of the Surface Acoustic Wave(SAW) sensor in wired and wireless con-figurations will be developed and a review of recent works concerning the field of high temperature applications will be presented.The first part will be devoted to aspects of data transmission and processing.Both configurations of SAW de-vice,delay line and resonator,will be discussed as well as the remote interrogation techniques used to collect and to proc-ess signal.The second part will be devoted to the material aspects.Indeed,knowing that the conventional piezoelectric substrates such as quartz or lithium niobate cannot be used at high temperature,the choice of the material constituting the SAW device(substrate & electrodes) is one of the challenges to face.We will focus our discussion on the Langasite,the current reference for high temperature applications,and on the AlN/Sapphire structure,the very promising alternative for application where the use of high frequency is required.     

智能变电站安全在线监测系统设计

针对现有变电站安全监测系统存在平台冗余、系统分散、信息无法共享等不足,设计了一种基于IEC61850的智能变电站安全在线监测系统,包括周界安防子系统和电气设备温度在线监测子系统,以及变电站安全信息管理子系统。将变电站周界安全信息和设备在线温度信息按照IEC 61850标准统一建模,实现安全测控系统平台的集成。采用激光围栏检测周界入侵信号;使用网络摄像机监视入侵动作;采用新型的声表面波温度传感器进行温度采集,实现了全自动、全天候的实时在线监测变电站周界安防入侵信息和运行设备在线温度信息,为智能变电站的发展提供一种有力的技术支撑与工程参考。     

基于光纤光栅传感器的变压器内部温度测量技术(英文)

Thermal modeling of the power transformer to estimate the internal temperature only reflects the winding hot spot to a certain extent. The application of optical fiber sensors to measure transformer internal temperature directly can obtain the true temperature with high accuracy and stability and overcome the shortcomings of traditional electric sensors. It analyses the measuring principle of FBG(fiber bragg grating)sensor, and constructs transformer internal temperature measurement platform with FBG temperature sensors, then adopt short-circuit method to simulate the process of winding heat under different load conditions. Finally the measurement of transformer internal temperature is conducted respectively with FBG temperature sensors and thermocouples. Comparison and analysis of the results shows that FBG sensors can effectively measure the internal temperature of the transformer.     

变压器绕组测温光纤光栅传感器设计及性能测试

为实现油浸式变压器绕组温度的直接测量,设计并制作了预埋光纤光栅传感器的绕组电磁线,对电磁线结构及绕组制作工艺进行了适当的改进,对绕组电磁线预埋光纤光栅传感器制作过程中的应力状态进行了监测,并对其测温性能进行了测试。结果表明:绕组电磁线预埋光纤光栅传感器制作过程及线圈绕制过程中光纤光栅传感器受到的应力较小,光纤光栅传感器保持了良好的机械强度和测温性能,其测温线性度>0.99,灵敏度约为10pm/°C,与理论值接近,测量准确度可达到±0.5°C,可满足变压器绕组温度精确测量的要求。