Short-term hourly load forecasting using time-series modeling withpeak load estimation capability

This paper presents a new time series modeling for short term load forecasting, which can model the valuable experiences of the expert operators. This approach can accurately forecast the hourly loads of weekdays, as well as, of weekends and public holidays. It is shown that the proposed method can provide more accurate results than the conventional techniques, such as artificial neural networks or Box-Jenkins models. In addition to hourly loads, daily peak load is an important problem for dispatching centers of a power network. Most of the common load forecasting approaches do not consider this problem. It is shown that the proposed method can exactly forecast the daily peak load of a power system. Obtained results from extensive testing on the Iran's power system network confirm the validity of the developed approach     

Cyclic electric load forecasting by seasonal SVR with chaotic genetic algorithm

Application of support vector regression (SVR) with chaotic sequence and evolutionary algorithms not only could improve forecasting accuracy performance, but also could effectively avoid converging prematurely (i.e., trapping into a local optimum). However, the tendency of electric load sometimes reveals cyclic changes (such as hourly peak in a working day, weekly peak in a business week, and monthly peak in a demand planned year) due to cyclic economic activities or climate seasonal nature. The applications of SVR model to deal with cyclic electric load forecasting have not been widely explored. This investigation presents a SVR-based electric load forecasting model which applied a novel hybrid algorithm, namely chaotic genetic algorithm (CGA), to improve the forecasting performance. With the increase of the complexity and the larger problem scale of tourism demands, genetic algorithm (GA) is often faced with the problems of premature convergence, slowly reaching the global optimal solution or trapping into a local optimum. The proposed CGA based on the chaos optimization algorithm and GA, which employs internal randomness of chaos iterations, is used to overcome premature local optimum in determining three parameters of a SVR model. A numerical example from an existed reference is used to elucidate the forecasting performance of the proposed SSVRCGA model. The forecasting results indicate that the proposed model yields more accurate forecasting results than ARIMA and TF-ε-SVR-SA models. Therefore, the SSVRCGA model is a promising alternative for electric load forecasting.     

基于模糊神经网络的电力负荷短期预测

针对电力负荷的特点，综合考虑了温度及日期类型等因素对日最大负荷的影响，提出了一种采用模糊神经网络进行短期负荷预测的方法，并详细介绍了该方法的实现过程。通过对EUNITE(the European Network of Excellence on Intelligent Technologies for Smart Adaptive Systems)网络提供的实际数据进行详细分析确定了影响日最大负荷的相关因素，进而选择了合适的模糊输入以建立相应的模糊神经网络预测模型，并取得了较为理想的预测结果。算例分析结果充分证明了模糊神经网络在短期电力负荷预测方面具有较好的应用前景。     

电力系统多级负荷预测及其协调问题（二）基本协调模型

电力负荷预测是一个包含空间、时间、属性等多维度多级别的复杂体系.文中针对具有"直接加和"特性的多级负荷预测问题,借鉴电力系统状态估计思想,建立了多级负荷预测的基本协调模型,提出了相应的基本协调方法.在基本协调模型中引入预测可信度的概念,详细分析和比较了不同可信度情况下基本模型的协调结果.引入调整系数和相对调整系数的概念,阐明了基本协调方法的物理机理.为便于比较不同协调方法的协调效果,提出了协调效果的单项评价指标及综合评价标准.最后指明了基本协调模型的应用场合,并用实例验证了所提出的方法的有效性.     

考虑积温效应的夏季日最大负荷预测研究

在夏季持续多日高温情况下,由于积温效应的影响,预测日之前若干天的气温对预测日的最大负荷有着明显影响。据此,在预测模型中考虑积温效应的影响对于改善夏季日最大负荷预测精度有着重要意义。建立了以高温持续期的气温、持续时间及预测日气温为输入、气温修正量为输出的模糊推理系统,对夏季每日的气温进行修正。算例结果表明,该预测方法能很好地跟踪日最大负荷,有效改善负荷预测的精度。     

用自适应模糊推理系统预测电力短期负荷

为寻求有效的电力系统负荷预测方法以提高预测结果的准确度,提出了基于Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)模型的自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)。该系统采用减法聚类初始化模糊推理,把神经网络学习机制引入到逻辑推理中,并用混合学习算法调整前件参数和结论参数,自动产生模糊规则。考虑气象、日期类型等因素后将学习样本分为3组进行训练和检测。该方法对于受天气影响较明显的电网,能有效防止不合理预测结果的出现。对于武汉地区实际负荷的预测结果的分析表明该方法有较高的预测准确度,取得了令人满意的结果。     

A new ARMAX model based on evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization for short-term load forecasting

In this paper, a new ARMAX model based on evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization for short-term load forecasting is proposed. Auto-regressive (AR) and moving average (MA) with exogenous variables (ARMAX) has been widely applied in the load forecasting area. Because of the nonlinear characteristics of the power system loads, the forecasting function has many local optimal points. The traditional method based on gradient searching may be trapped in local optimal points and lead to high error. While, the hybrid method based on evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization can solve this problem more efficiently than the traditional ways. It takes advantage of evolutionary strategy to speed up the convergence of particle swarm optimization (PSO), and applies the crossover operation of genetic algorithm to enhance the global search ability. The new ARMAX model for short-term load forecasting has been tested based on the load data of Eastern China location market, and the results indicate that the proposed approach has achieved good accuracy.     

基于最大信息熵原理的短期负荷预测综合模型

引入了信息理论来研究和处理负荷变化的不确定性，提出了基于最大信息熵原理的短期负荷预测综合模型，该模型将各种单一预测模型的预测结果以及历史预测误差分布作为约束信息，利用最大熵原理得到预测结果的分布。文中阐述了新模型的应用背景、思路和理论，给出了具体的实现方案和算法，并在实际电网中得到了应用。针对实际电网的算例研究表明，对于随机性较大的电网负荷，传统综合预测模型存在明显的过拟合现象，而新模型则有效地提高了预测精度。     

Forecasting daily peak load by a deterministic prediction method employing Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization

A technique for forecasting daily peak load in a utility power system is presented. After embedding time series data of daily peak load into a reconstructed state space, a nonlinear mapping is constructed by a local approximation method based on the orthonormal Gram-Schmidt bases. This method utilizes only the past load data for short-term prediction of the daily peak load, while many conventional methods make predictions with various kinds of data such as temperature and weather. The quality of prediction by the proposed method is as good as those with other prediction methods. Moreover, the results of short-term prediction by this method are satisfactory even with data as small as 250 points.     

基于小波包的马尔科夫方法在短期负荷预测中的应用

为了提高电力系统短期负荷预测的精度,提出了一种基于马尔科夫模型的组合预测算法。该算法利用双正交小波线性相位的特点,对负荷时间序列进行小波包多分辨分解。针对短时电力负荷具有较强随机波动性,采用软阈值方法检测和处理不良信号,用去噪后的信号建立模糊马尔科夫预测模型,通过将各负荷序列的预测值加以组合得到最终预测结果。经实际算例验证,该算法能有效地提高预测精度,具有良好的抗干扰和容错能力。     

计及气温因素的年度负荷预测修正方法

为剔除气温敏感负荷对发展趋于饱和地区年度负荷预测的影响,提出计及气温因素的年度负荷预测原始数据和预测结果修正方法.根据年最大负荷与年最高温度的分段线性关系建立综合调整模型,基于该模型提出了负荷预测历史数据还原和预测结果数据调整方法,并给出预测调整修正算例.实际算例表明,该方法在上海市区的负荷预测过程中能充分考虑最高气温对最大负荷的影响,提高了负荷预测的实用性和有效性.     

基于最大信息系数和多目标Stacking集成学习的综合能源系统多元负荷预测

精确的多元负荷预测对于综合能源系统的能源调度与运行规划起到重要的作用.对电、热、冷负荷单独进行预测的传统方法会忽略多元负荷间的耦合关系.针对这一问题,提出一种基于多目标Stacking集成学习的多元负荷协同预测模型.引入最大信息系数对多元负荷及天气因素进行相关性分析,并提出负荷耦合形态指标来深度挖掘多元负荷间的耦合关系...     

基于Dropout-ILSTM网络的短期电力负荷预测

针对传统BP神经网络难以处理电力负荷数据间关联的问题,提出了一种基于Dropout的改进的长短期记忆神经网络结构用于短期电力负荷预测。这种改进的长短期记忆神经网络(Improved LSTM,ILSTM),通过将长短期记忆网络的多个时间步输入与输出矢量进行全连接,增强了对目标系统中线性成分的表征;使用Dropout对ILSTM网络进行优化,提高了网络的泛化能力,同时减少了模型的训练时间;以日期、温度、电价和电力负荷数据作为输入构建了Dropout-ILSTM电力负荷预测模型。以AEMO提供的新南威尔士州电力负荷数据作为测试用例,实验结果表明,相较其它神经网络模型,文中所提出的Dropout-ILSTM模型预测精度更高、泛化能力更强,适用于不同预测宽度的电力负荷预测。     

基于气象成分分解的夏季短期负荷预测

夏季负荷受温度等气象因素影响大,表现出随机性强、波动性大的特点。针对现有短期负荷预测模型在夏季预测精度不高的问题,提出在负荷成分分解的同时,将温度分解为日周期分量和波动分量,以此准确把握短时气象波动对夏季短期负荷预测的影响。在充分分析负荷各分量变化趋势及对整体负荷预测精度影响的基础上,针对各个负荷分量特征分别选择预测方法。在预测气象敏感负荷分量时引入温度波动分量,基于XGBoost智能算法构建预测模型。选用我国中部某市夏季历史负荷建立训练样本,对2017年8月份日96点负荷进行预测,预测结果验证了所提模型和算法的有效性。     

An optimization planning technique for Suez Canal Network in Egypt

This paper introduces a proposed optimization technique POT for predicting the peak load demand and planning of transmission line systems. Many of traditional methods have been presented for long-term load forecasting of electrical power systems. But, the results of these methods are approximated. Therefore, the artificial neural network (ANN) technique for long-term peak load forecasting is modified and discussed as a modern technique in long-term load forecasting. The modified technique is applied on the Egyptian electrical network dependent on its historical data to predict the electrical peak load demand forecasting up to year 2017. This technique is compared with extrapolation of trend curves as a traditional method. The POT is applied also to obtain the optimal planning of transmission lines for the 220 kV of Suez Canal Network (SCN) using the ANN technique. The minimization of the transmission network costs are considered as an objective function, while the transmission lines (TL) planning constraints are satisfied. Zafarana site on the Red Sea coast is considered as an optimal site for installing big wind farm (WF) units in Egypt. So, the POT is applied to plan both the peak load and the electrical transmission of SCN with and without considering WF to develop the impact of WF units on the electrical transmission system of Egypt, considering the reliability constraints which were taken as a separate model in the previous techniques. The application on SCN shows the capability and the efficiently of the proposed techniques to obtain the predicting peak load demand and the optimal planning of transmission lines of SCN up to year 2017.     

负荷预测中的温度热累积效应分析模型及处理方法

为研究气温与电力负荷的关系,剖析了夏季温度与负荷之间的相关性,在此基础上分供电能力充足和供电能力不足两种情况讨论了热累积效应对负荷的影响,提出了基于模糊理论的温度热累积效应与负荷的关系模型及处理方法。在实际负荷预测过程中,采用上述方法对持续高温日负荷预测结果进行了修正。分析结果表明,该模型能有效地反映热累积效应和负荷之间的变化关系。     

月前日负荷曲线的概率预测和随机场景模拟

针对现有中长期日负荷曲线预测方法大多为点预测,难以满足电力系统不确定性分析的不足,提出了一种基于因子分析和神经网络分位数回归的月前日负荷曲线概率预测和随机场景模拟方法。采用因子分析技术,在保留日内负荷时序相关性的前提下,对日负荷序列向量降维;提取出少数相互独立的负荷公共因子作为预测变量,以日气象因素、星期类型和前一日公共因子值为输入特征,建立计及相邻日负荷相关性的神经网络分位数回归概率预测模型;以此为基础,利用中期气象预报信息,逐日预测和模拟未来30日的负荷曲线,并生成未来月负荷曲线的随机模拟场景。实际算例结果验证了所提概率预测方法的准确性和高效性,其生成的日负荷曲线模拟场景更好地体现了负荷的时序相关性,能为调度人员提供更准确、全面的月前负荷预测信息。     

融合历史数据和实时影响因素的精细化负荷预测

随着智能电网技术的飞速发展,对负荷预测的精度提出了越来越高的要求。融合负荷、天气等多源数据,提出了一种基于数据融合的支持向量机精细化负荷预测方法。首先对负荷历史数据进行聚类分析,将运行日分成六类。然后将负荷数据和温度、湿度等天气数据进行融合,针对六类聚类结果分别建立基于数据融合的支持向量机精细化负荷预测模型,并对模型参数进行全局优化。采用不同的预测模型对浙江省某地级市2013年的负荷进行预测,结果表明所提出的负荷预测方法的预测精度明显高于传统的负荷预测方法的预测精度。     

基于SEELM多专家模型的分布式光伏系统负荷预测方法

针对分布式光伏系统负荷所具有的非线性和非平稳等数据分布特性,基于神经网络与挂起规则,提出一种基于多模型集成式极限学习机的分布式光伏负荷预测方法。首先,设计多个神经网络作为子专家模型,并随机选取每一个网络的初始输入权值。构建挂起规则,依据数值波动范围在相应时间节点划分各神经网络的类别。针对其中数值波动较大的大误差网络,基于对应数值概率分布实施在线动态更新,以实现训练误差、输入权值的双维度同步优化。最后,将各个子专家模型的优化结果进行整合,并汇总输出,从而降低初始权值选取步骤中潜在误差波动的不利影响。基于某地区实际分布式光伏系统实施实证仿真,结果表明：在光伏负荷高波动这一特殊数据环境下,所提出预测模型在预测精度以及输出稳定性两方面均能够保持一定优势,可进一步推动并改善光伏接入背景下系统负荷预测的性能与效果。