功率圆确定稳定约束的可用输电能力分析

提出一种考虑功角和电压稳定约束计算可用输电能力的新方法。针对功角和电压稳定约束表达复杂的问题,首先基于功率圆推导出线路传输有功功率极限值,分析表明,当电力系统发生功角失稳或电压失稳前,输电网络中至少有1条线路输送的有功功率达到其传输有功功率极限。因此,用线路传输有功功率极限近似简洁地表达这2种复杂约束的方法,建立考虑功角和电压稳定约束的可用输电能力新模型。运用逐点线性化方法实现问题求解。算例仿真与分析的结果表明该文的方法有效、可行。     

基于树木生长算法的含UPFC的最优潮流计算

最优潮流(OPF)计算是一个非凸优化问题,统一潮流控制器(UPFC)的引入增加了OPF问题的非凸程度,使得基于内点法的传统优化算法难以获取全局最优解。文中提出基于树木生长算法(TGA)的计及UPFC的最优潮流计算方法,将发电成本与有功网损、电压偏移加权作为目标函数,并考虑网络与UPFC设备的安全运行约束,优化了OPF模型。最后基于IEEE 30节点系统以及南京西环网116节点实际系统进行算例测试,对比TGA、粒子群与内点法的结果,并使用蒙特卡洛方法对不同的启发式算法分别进行50次计算,验证了TGA具有更好的求解精度与鲁棒性。     

Efficiency improvements in meta-heuristic algorithms to solve the optimal power flow problem

This paper presents three efficient approaches for solving the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem using the meta-heuristic algorithms. Mathematically, OPF is formulated as non-linear equality and inequality constrained optimization problem. The main drawback of meta-heuristic algorithm based OPF is the excessive execution time required due to the large number of load flows/power flows needed in the solution process. The proposed efficient approaches uses the concept of incremental power flow model based on sensitivities, and lower, upper bounds of objective function values. By using these approaches, the number of load flows/power flows to be performed are substantially, resulting in the solution speed up. The original advantages of meta-heuristic algorithms, such as ability to handle complex non-linearities, discontinuities in the objective function, discrete variables handling, and multi-objective optimization, are still available in the proposed efficient approaches. The proposed OPF formulation includes the active and reactive power generation limits, Valve Point Loading (VPL) effects and Prohibited Operating Zones (POZs) of generating units. The effectiveness of proposed approaches are examined on the IEEE 30, 118 and 300 bus test systems, and the simulation results confirm the efficiency and superiority of the proposed approaches over the other meta-heuristic algorithms. The proposed efficient approaches are generic enough to use with any type of meta-heuristic algorithm based OPF.     

Complementarity model for load tap changing transformers in stability based OPF problem

The paper presents a stability optimal power flow (OPF) based problem that incorporates complementarity models for load tap changing transformers (LTCs). The complementarity formulation models the change of behavior of LTC controlled buses when the tap becomes blocked at one of its limits and the voltage level can no longer be regulated. The incorporation of proposed model in stability OPF based problem leads to a more accurate estimation of the maximum or critical loading level.     

基于安全域的电力系统有功及无功优化

提出了一种同时计及电力系统有功及无功的新型优化潮流模型与算法。在构建优化潮流(OPF)的数学模型时借助了3种电力系统安全域的概念与方法,它们分别是:满足系统潮流约束(母线电压约束、支路热稳定极限以及发电机出力限制)的“静态安全域”、“静态电压稳定域”以及针对既定的网络结构和既定的网络结构变化过程的保证系统暂态稳定性的“动态安全域”。在此基础上,利用电力系统的有功功率与支路角之间、无功功率与节点电压幅值之间的仿射关系,建立了通过二次规划来求解优化潮流(OPF)的算法。文中最后在新英格兰10机39节点系统中演示了所提出算法的有效性。     

A solution of optimal power flow with multicontingency transient stability constraints

This paper presents a formulation of the multicontingency transient stability constrained optimal power flow (MC-TSCOPF) problem and proposes a method to solve it. In the MC-TSCOPF formulation, this paper introduces a modified formulation for integrating transient stability model into conventional OPF, which reduces the calculation load considerably. In our MC-TSCOPF solution, the primal-dual Newton interior point method (IPM) for nonlinear programming (NLP) is adopted. Computation results on the IEEJ WEST10 model system demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented MC-TSCOPF formulation and the efficiency of the proposed solution approach. Moreover, based on quite convincing simulation results, some phenomena occurred when considering multicontingency are elaborated.     

基于二阶锥优化的含有载调压变压器主动配电网最优潮流

随着分布式电源接入,配电网变为具有一定可控性的主动配电网,其优化运行本质上为包含多种离散可调设备的最优潮流问题。因模型的非凸、非线性,该类问题的高效求解方法仍是研究的热点和难点。有载调压变压器(OLTC)是主动配电网的重要可调设备,其策略对系统运行特性,尤其是电压水平会产生显著影响,故研究含OLTC的主动配电网最优潮流及其高效求解方法是十分必要的。基于支路潮流模型,文中构建了含OLTC的主动配电网最优潮流模型,提出了一种基于分段线性化技术的OLTC精确线性化建模方法,并论证了二阶锥松弛法在求解所构建最优潮流模型上的适用性。基于修订的IEEE系统的算例分析验证了所提出OLTC建模方法的有效性及二阶锥松弛法在求解含OLTC的主动配电网最优潮流问题上的高效性。     

基于简化预测—校正内点法的拟直流最优潮流

在大规模电力系统最优潮流的在线计算应用中,传统直流最优潮流算法虽然有着很高的计算效率,但是由于其完全忽略了电压和无功功率的影响,计算结果精度偏低。文中通过引入无功功率来修正有功功率平衡方程,提出了基于拟直流模型的最优潮流算法。为进一步提高计算效率,提出了一种简化预测—校正内点算法,该算法通过对最优潮流模型中不等式约束进行简化处理,形成只含上限约束的广义不等式约束,大大简化了程序的编写。通过对IEEE 30,118,300节点系统以及Polish 2 736,3 120节点系统的仿真测试,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

应用粒子群优化算法求解可用输电能力

在电力市场环境下,诸多问题(例如实时电价、网络阻塞等)都需要最优潮流作为理想的工具.本文以最优潮流为基础,应用一种简单有效、且收敛性很好的演化计算算法--粒子群优化算法(PSO)进行可用输电能力(ATC)问题的求解.根据约束条件的越限量大小,动态地调整罚函数,在保证全局搜索能力的基础上改进了收敛速度.应用此算法对IEEE-30节点系统进行了可用输电能力计算,并与传统的最优潮流算法进行了比较,结果表明该算法的有效性,具有实用意义.     

Hydrothermal optimal power flow based on a combined linear andnonlinear programming methodology

The author's consider a new formulation of optimal power flow (OPF) that makes it eminently suitable for accurate incremental modeling. G. Zoutendijk's method of feasible directions (1960) for solving the nonlinear programming problems is adapted for the solution of the OPF. Hydraulic modeling of systems with a considerable share of hydraulic generation is considered. The method is very efficient as it is designed to exploit the special structure of the problem     

运用连续二次规划法计算区域间极限传输容量

区域间功率交换的极限传输容量(TTC)是互联系统电力市场中的一个重要指标。文中运用连续二次规划法进行最优潮流计算,取得相应的TTC。其目标函数是在满足潮流方程和系统运行约束条件下寻求特定发电机群和负荷群之间的传输功率最大值。文中将无功功率作为OPF的控制变量,故节点电压也被优化以得到最大传输容量。采用最优潮流方法可以避免用连续潮流方法计算TTC而较为保守的缺点。给出了有关的数学模型和计算方法及流程。IEEE-30节点系统的计算结果表明了用该方法计算TTC的有效性和实用性。     

Adjusted optimal power flow solutions via parameterized formulation

This work proposes a parameterized formulation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, which is aimed at preventing the divergence of the OPF iterative process. A parameter, whose function is to adjust the power demand and/or operational limits in case of absence of feasible solutions, is added to the objective function of the original optimization problem. This modified problem is solved through the nonlinear version of the predictor–corrector interior point method. Besides indicating the potential reasons for non-convergence of the iterative process, the proposed methodology also provides the possible actions that could be taken to determine an operational solution. Numerical results obtained with test systems of different sizes illustrate the application of the proposed strategy.     

基于线性最优潮流的电力系统新能源承载能力分析

随着能源结构的深化调整,可再生能源在电力系统中的渗透率逐步提高,而其出力的波动性和随机性对电力系统的稳定运行带来了新的挑战.科学地评估电力系统对新能源的承载能力,对于含高比例新能源电力系统的规划和运行具有重要意义.建立电力系统中新能源承载能力的线性最优潮流(optimal power flow,OPF)模型.针对电力系...     

含规模化储能系统的最优潮流模型与求解方法

大规模储能系统的应用可提高电网运行的经济性,其优化调度的难点是如何处理能量约束。提出了一种含储能系统经济调度的滚动优化思路,在建立储能系统细化模型的基础上,构造了考虑规模化储能系统的多时段最优潮流模型,并对剩余能量约束进行了松弛与自适应调整。通过等效变换与Lagrange松弛,推导出其对偶问题进行求解。该对偶问题是一个凸的半正定规划,且在一定条件下对偶间隙为零,有效提高了解的全局最优性。对储能系统单点接入和多点接入的算例进行了测试,并与内点法计算的结果进行了比较,验证了所提模型和算法的有效性。     

求解最优潮流问题的内点半定规划法

基于内点半定规划(semi-definite programming,SDP),提出一种求解最优潮流(optimal power flow,OPF)的新方法--SDP-OPF法。该方法将非凸OPF问题等价转换为半定规划问题,然后应用原始-对偶内点法求解。根据OPF半定规划模型的特点,采用基于半定规划的稀疏技术,使存储效率和计算性能得以大幅度提高。以4节点的简单电力系统为例,展示模型等价转换的过程及如何获取原OPF问题的解。IEEE-300节点等6个标准系统的仿真计算表明：所提算法具有超线性收敛性,其计算结果与内点非线性规划的结果一致,且能保证解的全局最优性,可在多项式时间内完成,是一种应用前景广阔的方法。     

搜寻者优化算法在含风电机组系统最优潮流中的应用

针对风力发电机组并网后电力系统的最优潮流(OPF)问题,将搜寻者优化算法(SOA)应用到最优潮流计算模型之中。通过分析风力发电机的稳态数学模型,根据功率守恒原理,得到异步风电机组有功无功出力的表达式,考虑到风电机组的特点,将其作为电压静特性节点处理。建立综合系统经济性和安全性的最优潮流计算的目标函数,该目标函数由网损和静态电压稳定裕度两部分组成,并将搜寻者优化算法运用到最优潮流模型的求解中,并制定该算法的计算流程。算例表明,提出的模型和算法是可行的。     

Blackstart capability planning for power system restoration

Blackstart capability is essential for power system restoration following a blackout. System restoration planners determine the restoration sequences to provide cranking power from blackstart units (BSUs) to non-blackstart units (NBSUs), pick up critical loads, and energize the necessary transmission paths. This paper proposes a new algorithm for optimization of the restoration actions. An optimal search algorithm is proposed to determine the plan to crank NBSUs through the selected paths of transmission lines. Assuming that the generation capability of a BSU is constant, the method is used to optimize the overall system MWHr generation capabilities from NBSUs. To reduce the computational complexity of system restoration planning, a new generator model is proposed that results in a linear integer programming (IP) formulation. Linearity of the IP problem formulation ensures that the global optimality is achieved. The optimal power flow (OPF) is used to examine the feasibility of planned restoration actions. Test cases from the IEEE 39-bus system, ISO New England system, and Duke-Indiana system are used to validate the proposed algorithm. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method is computationally efficient for real-world power system cases.     

含有电力弹簧的主动配电网优化运行

电力弹簧作为一种新型负荷侧调节设备,与具有宽电压范围的非关键负载串联形成智能负载,自动调节用电量与发电量匹配,以实现配电网运行优化。研究了含有电力弹簧的主动配电网最优潮流模型,提出了一种基于果蝇优化算法的智能负载优化方法,松弛法被用于推导最优潮流的二阶锥规划公式。结果表明,智能负载的主动调节可以优化配电网电压水平,降低有功网损,降低配电网的运行成本。所提多目标优化模型在一个改进的IEEE-33节点模型中求解,仿真结果验证了其正确性和有效性。     

Static security in power system operation with fuzzy real loadconditions

This paper presents a mathematical formulation for optimal power flow (OPF) taking into account the fuzzy modeling of static power system security constraints due to the uncertainty in bus loads. Uncertainties in MW loads and generations are translated into possibility distribution functions. The fuzzy OPF problem is decomposed, via Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition, into subproblems corresponding to the possibility distributions of loads. The effects of phase shifters are modeled as equivalent real power injections at corresponding system buses, which preserves the Y-bus symmetry and maintains minimum memory requirements. Contingency constraints are added to the fuzzy OPF problem. Fuzzy sets are utilized to exercise a tighter control on least cost real power generation with minimum emission dispatch solution. The final solution is a compromise among cost, static security and emission considerations. Numerical results for the application of the proposed approach to test systems are discussed     

Coordinated preventive control of transient stability with multi-contingency in power systems using trajectory sensitivities

In this paper, the challenging multi-contingency transient stability constrained optimal power flow problem is partitioned into two sub-problems, namely optimal power flow (OPF) and transient stability control, solved in turn with conventional well trusted power system analysis tools instead of tackling it directly using a complicated integrated approach. Preventive multi-contingency transient stability control is carried out with generation rescheduling based on trajectory sensitivities using results obtained from a conventional transient stability simulation. A new iterative approach is proposed to optimally redistribute the generation from the critical machines to noncritical machines with the help of conventional OPF. Results on the New England 10-machine 39-bus systems demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of handling multiple contingencies and complex power system models effectively with solution quantity and time comparable with conventional integrated approaches.