基于系统噪声抑制的ScanSAR辐射校正方法

SAR回波数据中难免会存在系统噪声,传统的成像处理和辐射校正均不考虑系统噪声的影响,这会影响SAR图像的辐射质量。特别是对ScanSAR而言,在对扇贝效应进行去除时,在低信噪比区域,如果不考虑系统噪声,会使得校正后存在很大的残余误差,不仅影响图像可视化效果,同时导致辐射精度的下降。定量分析了系统噪声在辐射校正中的影响,介绍了系统噪声的抑制方法和噪声估计手段,在此基础上提出了基于系统噪声抑制的ScanSAR方位向辐射校正整体方案。算法在幅度图像上对系统噪声进行了抑制,并在图像域进行了方向图补偿。经实验验证,确实提高了ScanSAR扇贝效应的校正结果,提升了图像质量。     

面向电力设备红外图像的混合噪声去除方法研究

电力设备的红外图像在采集传输过程中,易受高斯噪声与脉冲噪声的影响从而破坏图像的真实信息,为满足图像处理过程对图像质量的要求,文中提出了一种针对红外图像混合噪声的滤除方法。首先利用三方加权稀疏编码（TWSC）模型有效滤除红外图像中的高斯噪声,然后利用图像结构纹理分解结合中值滤波算法实现剩余脉冲噪声的分离与去除,实现在滤除红外图像混合噪声的同时较好地保持图像的边缘结构信息,结合实例分析表明文中方法能够有效滤除噪声并获得较高的峰值信噪比（PSNR）与结构相似度（SSIM）。     

数学形态学与自适应结合的超声医学图像滤波方法的研究

超声医学成像因其具有无创性、便捷性、实时性、价格便宜和使用方便等优势广泛应用于临床诊断。然而,由于在超声成像过程中形成的特有的图像斑点,使得对比度弱的人体软组织中正常组织和病变组织不易区分,给临床诊断和医学研究带来不便。本文针对医学超声图像的特点,在研究了几种常用滤波去噪方法的基础上,提出一种自适应滤波和形态滤波结合的超声医学图像滤波去噪方法。首先采用自适应中值滤波对图像进行预处理,抑制斑点噪声,保留必要细节;然后采用数学形态学方法进行二次滤波和增强对比度,可有效改善图像质量。最后从去噪图像和评价指标上与常用滤波去噪方法进行比较,实验证明,该方法可明显提高超声医学图像的质量。     

医学超声病灶图像预处理

图像滤波技术在图像处理中占有重要的地位。其中医学病灶超声图像主要被斑点噪声污染,对医生诊断病情带来干扰。针对医学超声图像噪声的特点提出了自适应中值滤波器,并与经典中值滤波器对含有不同噪声密度的胆囊超声图像进行去噪处理,对实验结果对比分析。结论表明:自适应中值滤波较经典中值滤波在对噪声密度较大的图像进行去噪时,能较好的保持图像细节信息,它能够有效改善图像质量。自适应中值滤波器较其他非线性滤波器有更好的视觉效果。     

低通滤波在紫外成像降噪处理中的应用

紫外成像诊断技术是发现电气设备电晕放电故障隐患的重要手段,对提高供电可靠性和实现电气设备状态维修具有重要价值。为了获得更好的检测效果,改善所拍摄的紫外图像质量,降低噪声干扰,须对紫外图像进行图像处理。为此采用夜间型紫外成像仪获得设备电晕放电图像并把采集的RGB图像转化为灰度图像,再根据图像的噪声分析,针对椒盐噪声、斑点噪声和高斯噪声等这些噪声的特点采用频域低通滤波技术进行滤波处理,噪声模拟和现场实测的紫外图像表明滤波前后效果显著,提高了故障放电时所测得的紫外图像的质量。     

图像处理中的中值滤波、最大值、最小值滤波及其应用研究

图像是我们日常生活中的重要信息源，通过对图像进行处理能够使人们了解到信息内涵。然而在队图像进行采集以及转换、传输的过程中，往往会受到设备及环境中噪声干扰的影响。所以实际获取图像常常都会含有噪声就是由于受到干扰。本文将纯净的图像加入噪声，应用Matlab针对中值滤波、最大值、最小值滤波等来实现数字图像的去噪。     

CCD弱目标图像条带噪声消除

光电经纬仪跟踪远距离目标时,在CCD上成像微弱。条带噪声的存在使图像质量下降,掩盖了有效的目标信息,对图像判读造成不利影响。针对条带噪声的功率谱,设计了改进的矩形低通滤波器。首先分析了条带噪声模型及其在频域的分布;然后,介绍了矩形低通滤波器通过加权的方式最大逼近真实噪声而实现噪声滤除的方法,通过实验进行矩形低通滤波器带宽的确定;最后,应用光电经纬仪CCD获得的弱目标图像进行去条带噪声实验,比较该方法与理想低通滤波及高斯带阻滤波去条带效果,结果表明该方法在有效地保留图像基本信息的前提下,获得最佳的去条带效果。     

基于DSP的MEMS陀螺去噪算法研究

作为惯导系统的重要传感器,陀螺仪的精度直接影响到导航定位的精确性,而随机噪声是影响其精度的重要因素.对随机漂移进行建模并在系统中加以补偿是提高陀螺及其导航系统精度的关键.本文对MEMS陀螺的信号进行分析,对高于通频带的噪声用切比雪夫低通滤波器进行滤波,对带内的噪声运用改进的中值滤波进行处理.DSP仿真结果表明,该方法能在保证实时性的情况下降低陀螺噪声误差对系统精度的影响,可以将信号的信噪比提高8 dB.     

数学形态学在绝缘子图像边缘检测中的应用

在智能变电站系统的建设中,对远程监控提供的图像质量提出了更高的要求,需要有更清晰的图像及其边缘。笔者以绝缘子图像为例,提出了基于数学形态学的电力系统图像边缘检测方法,既能有效地滤除噪声,又可保留图像中的原有细节信息,并与其余几种常用的边缘检测算子的检测结果进行了比较,说明在电力系统中应用图像边缘检测时,要根据电力设备图像的特征合理地选择最适合的方法。     

血管内超声图像的噪声抑制与增强算法研究

针对含强背景噪声的血管内超声图像,噪声滤波和边缘增强是对血管内超声图像进一步处理的基础工作.提出一种自适应中值滤波结合改进的高通滤波的方法,有效的滤除了噪声并保持了边缘信息.Retinex增强算法可获得图像中各像素的相对明暗关系,并通过这种相对关系进行线性映射,从而增强图像且对噪声影响较小.实验结果表明,综合运用该滤波和增强方法,在滤除噪声的同时对边缘的增强有着比较满意的效果,为以后血管中外膜的提取提供了基础.     

基于频域滤波的视频图像帧复原技术研究

视频图像帧在通信过程中,由于受到各种噪声的干扰,使其质量下降,为了确保较高的通信质量需要对降质的图像帧进行复原。本文分析了频域中的逆滤波和维纳滤波即最小均方误差滤波的方法对退化的图像进行复原的基本原理,在 VC++中对其算法思想进行编程实现,对比两种图像复原技术的效果,实验结果表明,两种频域滤波技术各有特点,逆滤波算法思想简单,对于图像帧降质小的图像复原效果较好;而对于信噪比较小,对于降质明显的图像帧使用维纳滤波复原效果较好。     

Classification of power system disturbances using linear Kalman filter and fuzzy-expert system

Identification and classification of voltage and current disturbances in power systems is an important task in power system monitoring and protection. This paper presents a new approach for power system disturbances identification and classification. The concept of linear Kalman filter together with discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to extract two parameters; the amplitude and the slope from the captured voltage or current waveform. DWT is used to help Kalman filter to give a good performance; the captured distorted waveform is passed through the DWT to determine the noise inside it and the covariance of this noise is fed together with the captured voltage waveform to the Kalman filter. The two parameters are the inputs to fuzzy-expert system that uses some rules on these inputs to identify the class to which the waveform belongs. To prove the ability of the new approach for classifying power system disturbances, detailed digital simulation and experimental results involving various types of power quality events are presented. The results depict that the proposed technique has the ability to accurately identify and classify PQ disturbances.     

A passive EMI filter for preventing high-frequency leakage current from flowing through the grounded inverter heat sink of an adjustable-speed motor drive system

This paper focuses on the high-frequency leakage current flowing through the grounded heat sink of a voltage-source pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) inverter in an adjustable-speed motor drive system. A passive electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter is proposed, designed, and tested for a 200-V 3.7-kW drive system. This filter does require access to the ungrounded motor neutral point. An equivalent common-mode circuit for the drive system equipped with the EMI filter is derived from experimental waveforms along with theoretical discussions. Experimental results verify that the EMI filter is viable and effective in eliminating both heat-sink and motor-frame leakage currents from the drive system.     

An Active Inline Notch Filter for Reducing Acoustic Noise in Drives

Manufacturers of drives have put in much effort in recent years to reduce the acoustic noise of their systems by improving the motors and by paying attention to the pulsewidth-modulation schemes that are used. In this paper, the acoustic noise is reduced by inserting an active filter between the inverter and the induction machine, and in this way, the acoustic behavior of an existing drive can be improved without needing to replace components or having to modify the drive. An active notch filter is proposed that uses a switched capacitor. Test results on a 3-kW drive show that the active notch filter works well and that it is possible to achieve a reduction of 15 dB in the line current and stator vibrations. This is a significant reduction and could substantially reduce the radiated noise at a troublesome acoustic frequency     

An improved stator flux estimation in steady-state operation fordirect torque control of induction machines

This paper presents an improved stator flux estimation technique based on a voltage model with some form of low-pass (LP) filtering. In voltage-model-based stator flux estimation, an LP filter is normally used instead of a pure integrator to avoid integration drift problem due to DC offset, noise, or measurement error present in the back electromotive force. In steady-state condition, the LP filter estimator will degrade the performance and efficiency of the direct torque control (DTC) drive system since it introduced magnitude and phase errors, thus resulting in an incorrect voltage vector selection. The stator flux steady-state error between the LP filter and a pure integrator estimator technique is derived and its effect on the steady-state DTC drive performance is analyzed. A simple method is proposed to compensate for this error which results in a significant improvement in the steady-state drive performance. Simulation based on this technique is given and it is verified by experimental results     

一种芯片焊盘自动识别方法及其应用

介绍了采用图像处理和模式识别的方法对一幅半导体芯片的图像进行焊盘的识别和定位。这一技术可以广泛应用于微电子行业中的芯片封装技术,它的核心是实现了对未封装的半导体芯片上的焊盘进行识别并定位的视觉机器。给出了用计算机对算法进行仿真后的实验结果。