基于飞行工作模态分析的飞行器动载荷识别研究

基于飞行遥测振动数据,本文提出了基于工作模态分析的飞行器动载荷识别方法.首先,详细介绍了ERA环境激励模态辨识方法的理论.其次,给出了飞行器结构动力学建模方法.再次,提出了基于工作模态辨识的飞行器动载荷辨识计算工作流程,详细分析了其中的注意点.最后,通过算例验证了方法的可行性,其中基于飞行器飞行振动遥测数据,采用环境激励模态辨识方法辨识其各时刻的模态,包括模态频率和模态振型,再利用振动响应的模态叠加原理和模态正交理论,获取各时刻飞行器低阶模态的响应,再结合模态剪力和模态弯矩进行动载荷识别.     

基于ARMA NExT和稳定图方法的飞行器工作模态指示研究

研究了基于飞行遥测数据,使用环境激励模态辨识方法辨识系统的模态参数时,挑选真实模态的方法.首先,详细介绍了ARMA-NEx T环境激励模态辨识方法的理论.接着,给出了模态指示因素,并详细分析了基于稳定图方法、频域和时频分析方法的真实模态筛选的方法.最后通过算例研究了飞行模态筛选的过程.研究发现,通过该方法得出结果与频域和时频分析结果基本一致.     

高耸柔性结构振动模态阻尼比参数识别仿真

针对当前结构振动模态阻尼比参数识别相关方法存在识别率低等问题,结合柔性结构振动形态复杂度高等特点,提出基于ERA的高耸柔性结构振动模态阻尼比参数识别方法。通过标定相机的内外参数,使用两个相机同时对柔性结构的动态进行拍摄生成结构测点图像,采用三维动态重构方法对高耸柔性结构振动情况进行预处理,利用Harris角点检测法确定振动位移,并采集位移数据,得到模态阻尼比参数集合。基于数据采集结果,通过ERA方法对高耸柔性结构振动模态阻尼比参数进行识别。实验结果表明,上述方法具有较强的识别性能、柔性结构振动形态简单的特点。     

伺服系统弹性负载的闭环辨识方法EI北大核心CSCD

为有效解决机械谐振问题,伺服系统弹性负载的辨识是非常关键的步骤.本文以工业中最常见的双惯量系统作为辨识对象设计闭环辨识方法,使用伪随机二进制序列作为激励并采集电机电流转速信号.在此基础上,使用最小二乘法拟合系统的自回归移动平均模型,并提高模型阶次以保证拟合精度.为抑制采样噪声的影响,提出基于平衡截断的模型降阶方法,根据Hankel奇异值大小判断系统阶次并提取主要模态.最后,通过仿真和实验进行验证,结果表明:相比于传统辨识方法,本文所提出的辨识方法能够有效抑制噪声干扰,具有更高的精度.     

一种工作模态参数的在线时域辨识方法

传统模态参数辨识中采用人工激励方法存在着诸多不足。环境激励具有随机性,且线性系统在环境激励下,各输出点响应之间的相关函数与系统的脉冲响应函数具有相同的数学表达式。由此,根据在线模态参数识别的理论,提出了一种依据环境激励响应识别模态参数的新方法。即用响应谱值法与奇异值分解法来确定系统阶数,解决特征矩阵的定阶问题。该方法简单实用,能在线识别参数,适用于单输入和多输入,但仅适用于激励是白噪声的情况。     

火箭结构系统纵向模态自动辨识方法

针对工程中需要从火箭结构系统的整体模态中识别纵向模态,根据模态有效质量理论,提出了一种识别火箭结构系统纵向模态的自动辨识方法.以具有集中质量系统的振动特性作为算例,通过有限元软件,建立了具有集中质量系统的梁模型,利用自动辨识的方法,自动辨识出系统的纵向模态,并与应用模态分析法所计算的系统模态信息相比较,这种自动辨识方法不仅能准确的辨识出振动系统的纵向模态,而且还具有自动高效的识别特点.为准确快速建立液体火箭POGO振动系统的动力学模型等工程系统的模型提供理论依据.     

一种滑动窗口检验的稳态检测方法

引入基于集合经验模态分解与能量结合的去噪算法,并利用滑动窗口检验实现对历史过程数据的稳态检测,通过标准差递推方法提高了计算效率;借鉴机器学习中数据标记思想,滑动窗口参数通过对少量"标签"数据辨识确定.以某电站1000MW机组的总风量数据为实验对象进行稳态检测实验.实验结果表明,基于集合经验模态分解与能量结合的去噪算法具有很好的去噪效果,基于该方法与滑动窗口检验结合的稳态检测方法具有检测灵敏度高且检测速度快的特点,适用于对海量电站历史数据进行稳态数据筛选.     

基于模态参数识别的ITD算法改进

固有时间尺度分解(ITD)算法在前处理和系统定阶方面存在一定的人为因素,对模态参数的提取会造成误差,且对噪声较为敏感。针对上述问题,提出一种改进的ITD算法。利用基于数据驱动的随机子空间算法对原始数据进行处理,将正交三角分解得到的数据作为ITD法的输入数据,采用稀疏优化正交匹配追踪算法求出特征矩阵,并通过特征矩阵计算特征值、模态频率和阻尼比。通过统计的方法,从众多模态参数中选取真实模态,有效避免虚假模态的产生。实验结果表明,与ITD算法相比,改进ITD算法可降低噪声的影响,解决系统模型阶次必须准确定阶的要求,使模态参数的提取更加精确。     

随机子空间方法在齿轮系统故障诊断中的应用

在齿轮系统故障诊断中.采用何种有效的方法对随机动态信号进行分析和特征提取是关键所在;相对于普通的分析方法而言结构模态参数辨识领域先进的时域识别方法随机子空间能更准确地识别出环境激励下结构系统的模态参数;将这一方法引入到运转的齿轮系统中进行了动态特性识别,对齿轮系统发生的故障进行特征提取、区分与诊断,并与正常齿轮系统对比,实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地对齿轮传动系统故障进行识别与诊断。     

海洋平台地震响应的LQG控制

提出了将 LQG 控制及独立模态空间控制应用于结构主动控制的新方法.该方法首先利用平衡降阶法对结构进行降阶,然后在模态空间中采用 LQG 控制策略对结构进行控制;同时结合复模态理论和虚拟激励法,给出了系统分析的有效途径.最后以海洋平台地震响应的主动控制为例,验证了方法的有效性.     

基于移动数据窗的传递函数多新息随机梯度辨识方法

一些工业过程可以近似用一个传递函数描述,结合统计辨识方法和非线性优化策略提出传递函数参数辨识方法.该方法采用动态数据方案,使用系统观测数据获得系统更多的模态信息.基于动态观测数据,提出传递函数随机梯度参数辨识方法.为进一步提高辨识精度,利用动态窗数据将随机梯度参数辨识方法中的标量新息扩展为新息向量,提出传递函数多新息随机梯度参数估计方法.最后通过仿真例子对所提出的方法进行了性能分析和模型验证.     

A frequency domain step response identification method for continuous-time processes with time delay

Step response test is widely practiced for model identification in process industry. A frequency domain step response identification method is proposed for obtaining a continuous-time process model with time delay. By introducing a damping factor to the step response for realization of Laplace transform, a frequency response estimation algorithm is first proposed, in which only single integral is needed for computation, compared to recently developed identification methods based on multiple integral in time domain. Based on the estimated frequency response, two model fitting algorithms are developed analytically for obtaining a time delay model of first-, second-, or higher order with repetitive poles. Another two algorithms based on fitting multiple frequency response points thus estimated are proposed for obtaining a time delay model of any order, the latter of which may also be used to improve fitting accuracy over a specified frequency range interested to control design. Meanwhile, practical strategies to consolidate identification robustness against measurement noise are given based on consistent estimation analysis, together with a guideline for model structure selection to realize optimal fitting for identification of a high order process. Illustrative examples from recent references are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed identification algorithms.     

一般阻尼动力系统非奇异摄动法

借助矩阵摄动理论,将模态叠加法运用于一般阻尼矩阵的动力学方程求解结构的动响应是一种较为理想的方法.但当系统的外荷载激振频率接近于系统的固有频率时,直接将阻尼矩阵作为摄动矩阵,会使解产生奇异,并导致求解失败或误差过大,这是因为模态坐标下的动力学方程是无阻尼方程.为了解决这一问题,本文考虑在模态坐标的动力学方程中保留一定的阻尼.即将阻尼做分解,代入振动方程,得到不同阶次摄动方程,再将摄动方程变换到模态坐标,即采用非奇异摄动方法.最后通过数值算例,得到一阶、二阶摄动,将其与精确解进行比较.精度明显得到改善,基本趋于精确解.从而验证了本方法的精确性和有效性.     

Inverse method based on modal analysis for characterizing the constitutive properties of thick composite plates

This paper presents a powerful method for evaluating the constitutive properties of composite laminates through a mixed numerical–experimental identification procedure based on both the extracted mode shapes and the corresponding natural frequencies of the structure. The modal quantities are measured with a precise contact-free experimental technique and extracted numerically with an accurate shell element derived from the higher order shear deformation theory. The elastic properties are estimated with a nonlinear least squares algorithm applied to modal identification criteria. With this novel approach of combining frequency and mode based error norms, the proposed identification method allows an accurate identification of both in-plane and transverse elastic properties with a single non-destructive test. The effectiveness of the procedure is highlighted by test cases on moderately thick to thick plates.     

Model updating of multistory shear buildings for simultaneous identification of mass,stiffness and damping matrices using two different soft-computing methods

In this research, two novel methods for simultaneous identification of mass–damping–stiffness of shear buildings are proposed. The first method presents a procedure to estimate the natural frequencies, modal damping ratios, and modal shapes of shear buildings from their forced vibration responses. To estimate the coefficient matrices of a state-space model, an auto-regressive exogenous excitation (ARX) model cooperating with a neural network concept is employed. The modal parameters of the structure are then evaluated from the eigenparameters of the coefficient matrix of the model. Finally, modal parameters are used to identify the physical/structural (i.e., mass, damping, and stiffness) matrices of the structure. In the second method, a direct strategy of physical/structural identification is developed from the dynamic responses of the structure without any eigenvalue analysis or optimization processes that are usually necessary in inverse problems. This method modifies the governing equations of motion based on relative responses of consecutive stories such that the new set of equations can be implemented in a cluster of artificial neural networks. The number of neural networks is equal to the number of degree-of-freedom of the structure. It is shown the noise effects may partially be eliminated by using high-order finite impulse response (FIR) filters in both methods. Finally, the feasibility and accuracy of the presented model updating methods are examined through numerical studies on multistory shear buildings using the simulated records with various noise levels. The excellent agreement of the obtained results with those of the finite element models shows the feasibility of the proposed methods.     

System identification of torsionally coupled buildings

In this study, an extended random decrement method, which considers the correlation among measurements, was employed to reduce the measured dynamic responses of general torsionally coupled multi-story building under random excitations. The Ibrahim time domain technique was then applied to calculate the modal frequencies and damping ratios based on only a few floor response measurements. To obtain the complete mode shapes, an interpolation method was developed to estimate the mode shape values for the locations without measurements. The seismic responses at floors with and without measurements were also calculated. Numerical results through a seven-story torsionally coupled building under ambient random excitations demonstrated that the proposed method is able to identify structural dominant modal parameters accurately even with highly coupled modes and noise contamination. A small number of response measurements, no requirement for input excitation measurements and simple on-line calculations make the proposed method favorable for implementation.     

Frequency slice algorithm for modal signal separation and damping identification

This paper focuses on modal signal separation and damping parameter identification by a new time–frequency analysis method. With the aid of the random decrement technique (RDT), an accurate estimation method is firstly introduced both in time and frequency domains for single modal damping identification. Next, the background of a new concept of frequency slice wavelet transform (FSWT) is revealed clearly. Then, some new properties of the FSWT are briefly discussed in contrast with the wavelet transform (WT). Based on the analysis of RDT and FSWT, a frequency slice algorithm (FSA) is designed for modal separation and parameter identification. The merits of FSWT and FSA with numerical simulations and experiments are demonstrated in this paper. We finally apply the proposed methods to analyze the free-decay responses (FDR) collected from a small laboratory bridge monitoring system (LBMS). Some conclusions are drawn that the RDT being used directly in FSWT domain can bring a good damping estimator. The FSA is not limited to FDR, and also can be used to random impacting response directly. FSWT itself is a new kind of good filter, and has high performance against noise. It is significant to get damping parameter with higher accuracy through modal separation by FSWT, and FSWT can be controlled adaptively in modal separation by dynamic scale method.     

基于等效模态阻尼的复合隔振系统振动计算方法

基于线性黏弹性假设,将应变能阻尼理论推广到复合隔振系统的等效模态阻尼计算中,运用Python和Abaqus编制相应的计算程序,该程序可考虑材料阻尼的频变特性。以多种材料组成的船舶双层复合隔振系统为算例,计算其等效模态阻尼和隔振器等效阻尼系数。分别采用直接积分法和模态叠加法计算系统振动响应,对比设备、筏架、船底壳的振动加速度响应,验证基于等效模态阻尼的模态叠加法的准确性。结果表明,该方法可以准确计算复杂组合模型的模态阻尼,算例的振动响应计算结果一致性较好,用模态叠加法可以大幅提高复合隔振系统稳态振动响应的计算效率。