基于高亮特征匹配的双视向SAR图像建筑物高度提取

由于城区场景的复杂性和SAR成像几何畸变的影响,基于单幅SAR图像的建筑物高度提取常常存在很大困难。针对这一问题,利用建筑物目标SAR成像形成的叠掩、二次散射、较强单次散射等散射机制对应的高亮特征非常典型,并且对方向性敏感的特点,提出了一种基于双视向SAR图像高亮特征与几何模型匹配的建筑物高度提取方法。首先分析了建筑物目标的SAR图像散射特征及对雷达视向的敏感性,然后构造了建筑物目标在双视向SAR图像上高亮特征几何模型,然后基于灰度均值、灰度概率分布、边界信息定义匹配函数,并利用多种群遗传算法进行优化求解,最终得到建筑物目标的高度信息。基于模拟和机载SAR图像的试验表明该方法的建筑物高度平均反演误差小于1m,可以有效提高建筑物高度反演的精度。     

基于水平集的SAR图像建筑物区域检测

根据合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像建筑物成像的特点,采用基于水平集的分割方法对SAR图像建筑物区域进行检测。结合基于指数小波提取的SAR图像梯度边缘信息,以及基于变差函数提取的SAR纹理特征,建立能量函数模型,进行曲线演化分割从而提取目标。实验结果表明,与基于灰度信息的模型相比,该模型可以准确、快速地检测出大场景SAR图像中的建筑物区域。     

基于L型结构中心线的SAR图像建筑物提取方法

针对在高分辨率SAR图像上具有明显L型结构高亮特征的建筑物目标,提出了一种提取高分辨率SAR图像建筑物L型结构中心线,并进而提取建筑物几何信息的方法.运用基于Gabor纹理特征和模糊C均值的方法对SAR图像进行分割,再结合骨架提取、骨架跟踪、最小外接矩形提取、最小二乘准则等技术实现了L型结构中心线的提取,最后利用中心线获取了建筑物的长度、宽度和方位角信息.基于机载SAR图像的实验表明,利用提出的方法从SAR图像提取的建筑物几何结构和方位信息具有较高的精度.     

高分辨率SAR图像建筑物三维成像几何结构分析

随着SAR分辨率的不断提高,建筑物在SAR图像上表现出越来越明显的几何结构特征,这些特征为重建建筑物三维模型提供了重要的信息。主要论述了建筑物在SAR图像上的成像几何结构,并给出了利用SAR图像上建筑物L型的叠掩结构反演建筑物三维结构的理论基础和方法,最后通过实验证明了该方法的可行性。     

联合显著性与MRF的SAR建筑物分割算法

针对经典马尔可夫随机场（MRF）在进行高分辨率SAR图像分割时存在容易受到斑点噪声干扰等问题,提出一种基于建筑物指数相似度距离及MRF模型（BISD-MRF）的高分辨率SAR建筑物分割算法。基于较复杂SAR场景下建筑物目标可能呈现多种形态结构的问题,设计一种多尺度显著性建筑物指数（MSBI）方案来提取建筑物目标的显著性特征,并通过强度信息重构、纹理显著性提取、频谱显著性信息统计来分别提取不同类型区域的显著性信息,构建适用于SAR建筑物目标的显著性模型。在此基础上,将MSBI值引入到改进的基于改进余弦函数的势函数模型中,利用余弦函数对邻域像素MSBI值进行相似性度量,同时利用特征空间语义信息对像素及其邻域像素标签信息进行有效约束,以提升势函数模型对高分辨率SAR建筑物目标的表征能力。不同平台下的建筑物分割实验结果表明,与MRF、MBI、FRFCM等算法相比,本文算法分割性能平均提升了4.3~10.7个百分点,更适用于较复杂场景下高分辨率SAR建筑物的分割任务。     

基于线特征和控制点的可见光和SAR图像配准

以具有典型人造目标的可见光和SAR (Synthetic aperture radar)图像为研究对象,提出一种自适应多尺度快速Beamlet变换方法提取人造目标在可见光和SAR图像的共有特征---线特征, 并基于线特征构造控制点,设计了一种基于控制点特征的匹配度函数,采用基于特征一致的粗配准和基于控制点的精确配准方法,对待配准图像实现由粗到精的自动配准. 实验表明,在可见光和SAR图像存在较大灰度差异、旋转和平移的情况下,该算法仍然能够精确配准图像.     

SAR图像建筑物成像特性及重建研究方法

基于SAR图像中平面屋顶建筑物的成像机理,介绍SAR图像中建筑物的信息获取和重建方法,包括成像特性、建筑物平面长条屋顶的提取、建筑物高度计算.通过成像原理,利用建筑物二次散射亮线及叠掩、阴影区域定位建筑物屋顶区域,再结合叠掩、阴影区域反推出建筑物高度的计算公式,实现建筑物三维重建.     

利用多尺度SVM-CRF模型的极化SAR图像建筑物提取

极化SAR图像中建筑物相关特征的不充分利用将影响建筑物提取的有效性或引发错误。为解决该问题,提出了一种利用多尺度SVM-CRF模型的极化SAR图像建筑物提取方法。在图像最优分割的基础上,将基于像素的SVM-CRF模型扩展到面向对象的多尺度SVM-CRF模型,使之能同时有效地描述建筑物突出的"面状"特征及其层次、空间上下文相关性。同时,考虑对建筑物描述特征利用不充分所引起的类别模糊问题,使用随机森林算法实现多特征的选择,形成更有效的特征组合以优化SVM-CRF模型中的特征向量。采用Oberpfaffenhofen地区E-SAR数据进行了实验,定性和定量的结果验证了该方法的有效性和准确性。     

干涉、极化干涉SAR技术森林高度估测算法研究进展

在干涉、极化干涉SAR森林高度估测中,估测算法对结果精度起着决定性作用。通过对现有森林高度干涉、极化干涉SAR研究的系统性分析,总结了现有研究中森林高度估测算法的基本原理、模型假设及其应用局限性,并对这些算法在区域和全球尺度森林高度反演中的潜力进行了分析。总结发现,基于干涉SAR技术的DSM-DEM差分法在森林高度反演中精度较高,与极化干涉SAR算法相比,受到森林类型、结构的影响较小,在区域和全球尺度森林高度反演中具有很大潜力。但是其局限性在于是否能够获取大范围高精度的DEM;极化干涉SAR技术利用了森林的极化散射特点,不受DEM的限制,可以大范围地进行森林高度反演,但是在森林异质性大的区域,仍然需要进一步分析森林特征对不同波长相位及相干幅度的影响,根据森林的微波散射原理拓展微波散射模型,才能进一步提高估测结果和精度。此外,由于单基线干涉SAR、极化干涉SAR对森林垂直结构可见性差,因此,发展多维度、多基线SAR及其相应算法并朝这个方向拓展是未来采用干涉SAR、极化干涉SAR进行森林高度反演的主要方向。     

SAR图像建筑物目标检测研究综述

面对日益剧增的城市建筑物,合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)图像的建筑物检测作为SAR图像解译的一个分支逐渐成为一项重要的研究课题.对现有的研究方法进行了分类,从基于传统方法的建筑物检测和基于深度学习的建筑物检测两方面入手,对现有SAR图像的建筑物目标检测算法进行了梳理.简述了SA...     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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