基于OPNET的随机接入协议网络性能研究

针对三种随机接入协议ALOHA、CSMA和CSMA/CD进行了原理介绍和理论分析.利用新兴网络仿真技术OPNET,实现了对三种协议的网络仿真模型的建立,并通过分析信道吞吐量和利用率参数,得出了相关重要得结果和评估.同时说明了利用OPNET能对改进和提高协议的可行性,这也将是以后开发新的随机接入协议的一种思路和方法.     

随机接入网络的组网时间复杂性

针对无线传感器网络，研究了几种核心随机接入方法在一跳网络内组网的时间复杂性问题．对无反馈和有反馈策略下时隙ALOHA（Additive Link On-line HAwaii system）与CSMA（Carrier Sense Multiple Access）接入方法的组网时间进行了精确的理论分析，给出了期望和方差的理论结果．通过仿真证实了上述性能分析的正确性．     

扩频时隙ALOHA及其在CDMA通信中的应用

文章在分析传统ALOHA随机多址协议不足的基础上对扩频时隙ALOHA的基本原理及其性能进行了研究,并对其在第三代CDMA移动通信系统中的应用作了探讨。     

带功率捕获的随机接入算法性能分析*

简要分析了时隙ALOHA算法的性能,并搭建仿真平台对其过程进行了模拟仿真。在此基础上提出基于功率捕获的随机接入方法,即基站端在检测到同一时隙多用户碰撞后仍然试图检测出冲突产生时功率较强的接入分组,并对比时隙ALOHA算法对其性能进行了仿真分析。从仿真结果可以看出,系统接入后吞吐率有了很大的提高,同时接入时延大大降低。     

基于直接序列扩频网络的O-ALOHA协议研究

针对SENMA的访问,把物理层的特征和媒体接入控制结合起来,提出了一种基于直接序列扩频网络的机会型ALOHA(O-ALOHA)协议,用其实现SENMA的媒体接入控制。该传输控制在吞吐量方面具有良好的性能,最主要特点在于它是一种常规类别传输控制的较优方案,接收模型考虑了多数据包的接收。仿真表明,这种机会型ALOHA协议可用于多种传感器网络的应用场合,能够向采集代理进行可靠的数据传输。     

水声传感器网络MAC协议的能效分析与仿真

为了研究水下传感器网络多址接入(MAC)协议的能量损耗,在集中式拓扑结构下,对ALOHA和MACAW两种协议的能量效率进行了理论分析,并通过Matlab进行了仿真。结果表明:通过改进的MA-CAW协议在网络节点数较多,数据到达率较高,数据包较大的网络中比ALOHA协议具有更高的能量效率。     

基于帧时隙ALOHA的RFID标签集合检测协议框架

大规模RFID应用需要高效的检测协议对RFID标签集合进行管理,而现有的高效检测协议大都基于帧时隙ALOHA方法。为此在总结已有文献中对于标签集合检测协议的不同描述的基础上,提出了基于帧时隙ALOHA的RFID标签集合检测协议框架：分析了协议时间度量、丢失率估算、已识别标签处理和最优检测效率问题等协议框架中的基本问题,总结了迭代识别、短响应时隙和随机响应三种典型的优化方法。针对基本的帧时隙ALOHA检测协议,本文进一步利用上述三种方法进行优化,并通过仿真实验对其效率进行了分析对比。实验结果表明,综合利用三种优化方法的协议检测效率高于已知最高检测效率的IIPS-CM协议。     

信道接入协议的网络仿真技术研究

应用OPNET仿真平台，针对ALOHA和CSMA/CD，对信道接入协议的建模仿真技术进行了研究。提出了ALOHA与CSMA/CD建模层次框架，实现了对ALOHA与CSMA/CD建模仿真的网络模型、节点模型及进程模型，并通过分析信道吞吐量和利用率参数的仿真结果，对仿真模型的合理性和有效性进行了评估，进而说明了此网络仿真技术的可行性。     

时隙ALOHA协议下的网络化控制系统协同设计

针对网络化控制系统中信道容量有限的问题,本文提出一种基于时隙ALOHA通信协议的控制与通信协同设计方法.将控制系统的采样周期划分为若干等长度的时隙,在每个时隙中,系统的分布式传感器通过时隙ALOHA协议来随机竞争接入网络.由于在不同的采样周期各个传感器的接入状态不同,整个状态反馈控制系统将在若干子系统之间进行切换.据此,本文建立了离散的切换系统模型,并利用分段李雅普诺夫函数方法和平均驻留时间技术得到了能够保证系统指数稳定的充分条件.然后,给出能够保证控制系统稳定所需的信道吞吐率的界限,进而得到了时隙ALOHA协议中的最大重传次数与控制系统衰减率的定量关系.通过上述方法,本文建立了控制-通信协同设计的框架结构,可将控制器的增益矩阵和时隙ALOHA通信协议进行协同设计.最后,通过仿真验证了本文所提出的协同设计方法的有效性.     

基于IEEE 802.15.6的无线体域网自适应MAC协议

针对无线体域网MAC协议自适应性不高且能效低的问题,提出一种基于IEEE 802.15.6的无线体域网自适应MAC协议（A-MAC）。对IEEE 802.15.6的超帧结构进行改进,竞争接入阶段和非竞争接入阶段的长度根据产生各优先级数据的节点所占的比例进行调整。竞争接入阶段又被划分为三个子阶段,子阶段的长度根据数据优先级情况进行动态调整。所有节点在竞争接入阶段按照信道接入策略竞争接入信道。最后仿真结果表明,在吞吐量、能耗和网络时延方面,使用A-MAC协议的网络性能明显优于使用IEEE 802.15.6 MAC和CA-MAC协议的网络性能。     

On time-triggered and event-based control of integrator systems over a shared communication system

When analyzing networked control systems, where the control loop is closed over a communication system, it is crucial to take the communication system into account. Hence, time-triggered and event-based control of an integrator system with noise over a shared communication system is analyzed. Thereby, analytical models of different communication systems are used and the analysis is focused on the effect of the communication system on the performance, as well as the interaction between control and communication. For time-triggered control, where the event times are known in advance, a deterministic communication protocol can be used. Hence, time-triggered control with the two most well-known deterministic communication protocols, time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA), is analyzed. For event-based control, where the events appear at random times, a contention-based communication protocol should be used. Hence, event-based control is analyzed with different contention-based communication protocols: pure ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, a queueing system, and Erlang’s loss model. It turns out that time-triggered control with either TDMA or FDMA outperforms event-based control with pure or slotted ALOHA. However, event-based control with a properly designed queueing system gives an even better performance. Thus, we conclude that it is crucial to take the details of the communication system into account.     

Power level selection schemes to improve throughput and stability of slotted ALOHA under heavy load

We propose and analyse three different power selection schemes for slotted ALOHA random access protocol operating under multiple power levels. Through analysis and numerical examples we demonstrate that these schemes can significantly improve the performance of slotted ALOHA, in terms of throughput and stability, under heavy load. The proposed schemes are truly distributive in nature and can be easily implemented in wireless access systems without requiring any centralised control.     

Throughput analysis of slotted ALOHA with cooperative transmission using successive interference cancellation

With a cross-layer design approach, a novel random access protocol is proposed in this paper, which is based on conventional slotted ALOHA (S-ALOHA) using successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique to separate collided packets and cooperative transmission to exploit the physical layer advantages. And a general theoretic analysis model is presented to obtain its throughput, which is also suitable for analyzing the performance of other protocols (such as S-ALOHA and S-ALOHA with cooperative transmission (C-ALOHA)) and is shown to be right and effective. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed protocol can improve the maximal throughput by 190% and 132% over a Rayleigh fading channel, respectively, as compared with S-ALOHA and C-ALOHA. And the results show that our protocol can provide an effective random access method with high throughput for wireless transmission.     

A stochastic control approach to Slotted-ALOHA random access protocol

ALOHA random access protocols are distributed protocols based on transmission probabilities, that is, each node decides upon packet transmissions according to a transmission probability value. In the literature, ALOHA protocols are analysed by giving necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of the queues of the node buffers under a control vector (whose elements are the transmission probabilities assigned to the nodes), given an arrival rate vector (whose elements represent the rates of the packets arriving in the node buffers). The innovation of this work is that, given an arrival rate vector, it computes the optimal control vector by defining and solving a stochastic control problem aimed at maximising the overall transmission efficiency, while keeping a grade of fairness among the nodes. Furthermore, a more general case in which the arrival rate vector changes in time is considered. The increased efficiency of the proposed solution with respect to the standard ALOHA approach is evaluated by means of numerical simulations.     

Queueing analysis of buffered slotted multiple access protocols

Much of the literature on the performance evaluation of multiple access protocols has assumed a buffer capacity of one unit. This assumption is not realistic. In practice the buffer capacities used are larger than one unit in order to reduce the probability of packet rejection. This is more crucial for multiple access protocols, which allow moderate to high values of the expected throughput (URN, Random TDMA etc.).In this paper, a model appropriate for the analysis of buffered slotted multiple access schemes is proposed. The method can be applied to several multiple access protocols such as the URN protocol, the ALOHA protocol, Random TDMA etc. The cases of infinite and finite buffer capacity are examined separately but under the same basic assumptions. The analysis is based on the assumption that each user process can be modelled as an M/G/1 queueing system. The proposed method requires a small amount of computation and is characterized by a high speed, a fact that simplifies the buffer's design as well. The solution obtained is extremely accurate and exhibits excellent agreement with simulation results, which corroborate the accuracy of the model. The special case when the buffer capacity is equal to 1 is examined. In that case, the present approach also allows for computation of the packet delay distribution.     

混合型实时通信协议的设计及性能评价

文中详细介绍了一种适合于紧要时间通信的混合型多路访问协议的设计及性能分析，该协议综合了控制访问型协议和随机访问型协议的优点，不仅能够满足系统中所有紧要时间报文的死线要求，而且具有较高的效率。     

LPDQ: A self-scheduled TDMA MAC protocol for one-hop dynamic low-power wireless networks

Current Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for data collection scenarios with a large number of nodes that generate bursty traffic are based on Low-Power Listening (LPL) for network synchronization and Frame Slotted ALOHA (FSA) as the channel access mechanism. However, FSA has an efficiency bounded to 36.8% due to contention effects, which reduces packet throughput and increases energy consumption. In this paper, we target such scenarios by presenting Low-Power Distributed Queuing (LPDQ), a highly efficient and low-power MAC protocol. LPDQ is able to self-schedule data transmissions, acting as a FSA MAC under light traffic and seamlessly converging to a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) MAC under congestion. The paper presents the design principles and the implementation details of LPDQ using low-power commercial radio transceivers. Experiments demonstrate an efficiency close to 99% that is independent of the number of nodes and is fair in terms of resource allocation.