遥感信息与土地信息管理系统在大中型企业管理中的应用-以四川金项股份有限公司为例

根据三线厂矿的布局与发展，对地处峨眉山余脉-黄山脚下的四川金顶(集·团)股份有限公司(峨眉水泥厂)及其所属矿山进行大比例尺航空摄影，利用彩红外遥感信息完成工厂及矿山土地利用、环境、灾害地质等一未列的调查，建立工厂及矿山土地信息管理系统，使工厂获得最全面的多种数据迭加的空间基拙资料和数据，在工厂和矿山利用计算机技术管理和分析空间数据，并应用空问数据提高工厂管理环境的能力，掌握矿山灾害地质的性质、范围、危害程度和治理方法。     

矿山环境遥感综合评价指标的研究

矿山开发能造福人类，同时也会造成生态环境破坏，影响恶劣的会危及人类的生命安全。矿山开发引起的环境污染是一个复杂、系统的变化，任何单一因素和瞬时指示指标都无法给出整个环境系统的变化趋势。遥感数据具有区域性与周期性的特点，利用遥感技术进行矿山环境监测具有很强的优势，是人们研究的重点之一。本文通过建立矿山环境小流域的环境模型，利用时间序列的遥感数据，构建出环境遥感综合评价指标。采用本指标对江西德兴铜矿基地进行了应用研究。结果显示该方法具有较好的指示效果，计算出的遥感综合评价指标可作为环境监测因子及矿山环境影响的定量评价指标。     

埃塞俄比亚西部岩浆熔离型铁矿遥感找矿模型

为解决在地质资料匮乏的情况下发挥多源遥感数据优势开展地质找矿研究这一科学问题,以非洲埃塞俄比亚西部研究区为例,选取ASTER及ALOS PALSAR单极化雷达数据为数据源,针对研究区重点类型铁矿--岩浆熔离型铁矿建立了其遥感找矿模型,提取与成矿作用相关的蚀变、构造、岩体信息。研究基于ASTER遥感数据,通过比值、主成分方法进行蚀变信息提取研究,并基于ASTER及ALOS PALSAR单极化雷达融合数据进行控矿构造及赋矿岩体信息提取研究。最终通过综合分析,基于ArcGIS平台圈定了3处遥感找矿靶区。研究结果与1∶25万地球化学数据对比,具有很高一致性,表明遥感找矿模型能够快速、准确地进行找矿靶区预测。     

GIS环境下地质变量自动提取与地质异常的圈定

通过对研究区合理的网格单元划分,介绍地理信息系统(GIS)提取地质变量的原理,即利用GIS的空间叠加功能,实现地质变量自动提取。在此基础上,进行变量综合,挖掘隐含信息。过滤与已知矿产有关的变量,圈定地质异常,它是研究致矿异常和发现新矿产地的基础。以云南省维西地区为实例,按上述方法原理,提取其地质变量,圈定其地质异常。已发现的矿体(包括矿化点)中,有76.84%矿体(含矿化点)落入异常区内。     

RS和GIS在矿山监测中的应用

根据监测区矿山地表设施特征,对遥感影像进行相关处理,然后结合GIS进行分析,得出的结果与矿山实际开采现状吻合度高。这一结果表明利用RS和GIS对矿山进行监测有利于国家实时掌握矿山开采状况,为矿产资源开发的综合整顿治理提供决策支持。     

矿山地测CAD 技术应用研究

矿山地质条件复杂多变,采用CAD 技术可以提高矿山设计的智能化。论 文主要研究了在相交平面图和剖面图中添加剖面剖切线的方法;应用人工神经网络理论确定 剖面中矿体界线的理论和方法;矿岩界线圆滑的原理与方法;矿块地质品位和储量的自动计 算和统计的方法。并在本研究成果的基础上用ObjectARX 开发了矿山CAD 系统,经过北洺 河铁矿的试运行,表明本研究成果是成功的、可行的。     

遥感信息与土地信息管理系统在大中型企业管理中的应用──以四川金顶股份有限公司为例

根据三线厂矿的布局与发展，对地处峨眉山余脉──黄山脚下的四川金顶（集团）股份有限公司（峨眉水泥厂）及其所属矿山进行大比例尺航空摄影，利用彩红外遥感信息完成工厂及矿山土地利用、环境、灾害地质等一系列的调查，建立工厂及矿山土地信息管理系统，使工厂获得最全面的多种数据迭加的空间基础资料和数据，在工厂和矿山利用计算机技术管理和分析空间数据，并应用空间数据提高工厂管理环境的能力，掌握矿山灾害地质的性质、范围、危害程度和治理方法。     

矿山环境评价系统设计与实现

开采矿产资源会破坏环境,而环境的破坏在短期是很难恢复的,因此,对矿山环境质量进行评价,并揭示矿区环境的质量指数和矿山资源开发对环境的影响程度十分必要。系统结合了GIS技术,采用C#语言对ArcGIS进行二次开发,实现矿山地貌和监测信息的可视化;系统设计并实现了矿山环境评价模型对矿山环境质量进行分级量化,并采用图像和图表的方式统计环境信息,并给出评价的结果,为矿山企业和环保部门的环保工作提供一些参考依据。     

地质体3维模型的研究进展

地质体3维模型是地学工作者研究的重点和热点,在地质工程、地质灾害预警与防治、矿山管理等方面得到了广泛的应用。地质体3维模型研究涉及构模方法、数据模型、数据结构等多方面的内容。本文在对国内外地质体3维模型领域的研究成果进行对比研究的基础上,综合阐述了地质体3维模型相关研究领域的研究进展,对相关的构模方法、数据结构、实际应用进行了分类对比分析,提出了地质体3维模型应遵循的原则。对地质体3维模型的研究现状进行了综合分析,并就构模方法、数据结构、空间分析等方面进行了深入的阐述。在综合研究前人成果的基础上,提出了多层TIN和TEN的3维地质体模型,并对该方法的可用性做了实验。     

雷达图像特征信息提取及多源数据复合处理的地质应用研究

以湖南香花岭地区机载侧视雷达图像资料为基础，针对雷达图像特征，综合地球物探、地球化学异常数据，对工作区的成矿地质条件进行综合分析，形成了工作区多源地学数据集。在对该数据集进行多元统计的判别分析以后，建立了湖南香花岭地区锡、钨矿的找矿预测模型，得到综合成矿预测得分图，提出了预测远景区并进行了综合评价。总结出的一整套实用方法和技术将对雷达图像的地质应用研究及雷达地质的发展起着重要作用     

低空间分辨率多源遥感数据的空间一致性分析和相对几何校正

多源低空间分辨率遥感数据在空间上的一致性对于其在全球变化研究中的集成使用有非常重要的意义。对此,以公认几何精度较高的MODIS数据为基准,对NOAA/AVHRR、FY-3/VIRR、FY-3/MERSI、FY-2/VISSR这4类国内外常用的低空间分辨率传感器的L1B数据进行了一系列相对几何精度评价和多项式相对几何校正的实验。相对几何精度评价的结果表明:MODIS数据与这4类L1B数据在几何精度上的偏差都比较大。在此基础上,选取少量均匀分布的控制点并采用不同阶数的多项式几何校正模型对多源数据进行空间一致性校正。校正结果表明:低阶的多项式几何校正模型就能对各种待校正数据的几何精度有显著的提升,使其与基准数据在空间上达到一致,满足全球变化研究对低分辨率多源遥感数据在空间一致性上的需求。     

Application to GF-2 Satellite for Road Landslides Monitoring

Global warming has profoundly changed extreme weather events,and remote sensing technology is gradually being applied to the monitoring of ecological and environmental disasters.China is one of the countries with most serious natural disasters in the world.With the development of human society and the improvement of people’s awareness of disaster risk,geological disaster monitoring and risk management has attracted more and more attention.Taking the Adjacent Area of Changsha \| Xiangtan(CXAA),which is the main part of Xiangtan jiuhua economic development zone,as the research area,the road slope and the ecological environment in the area were monitored by using the fusion image of high spatial resolution remote sensing of GF\|2 made in China on March 27,2016.Taking normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),terrain slope index,soil index and other parameters as inputs,the comprehensive evaluation of ecological environment in CXAA was obtained by simulating the comprehensive factors of ecological environment with the comprehensive index method.We found that the ecological environment of 78.75 % of the study area was good,which indicated that the natural ecological environment on both sides of the road and the surrounding areas was basically not damaged.The road surface,water area(such as Xiangjiang river),construction land(such as Xiangtan high\|speed railway north station) and industrial areas(such as Geely automobile,Tidfore enterprise group,etc.) and other regions of the ecological environment comprehensive index is poor,on both sides of the road in some slope sections still exist the potential risk of landslide.Therefore,we suggest that during the rainy season,there is a need for more time\|phase high spatial resolution of GF-2 remote sensing satellite and other domestic GF satellite continuous monitoring,in order to more fully understand the risk of road slope landslide and provide early warning.     

Extraction of Alteration Information and Establishment of Prospecting Model for Porphyry Copper\|gold Deposits in Luzon

In order to build the remote sensing prospecting model for porphyry copper\|gold deposits and delineated prospecting target area in the porphyry copper\|gold deposits strategic area of Cordillera Central in Luzon (Philippines),the geological background of the porphyry copper\|gold deposits and the spectral characteristics of the main altered minerals are analyzed in detail,and the mineralizing alteration information is extracted from ASTER remote sensing data using the Crosta technique.To increase the proportion of weak alteration information which is hard to extract,a principal component analysis (PCA)approach based on object’s character was proposed in this paper.The principle of this approach is that calculating the feature vector based on the specific alteration mineral and applying them in the whole study area in PCA,which can enhance the weak alteration information in a directed way and avoid the strong background information and noises.On the basis of the approach iron dye,argillization and propylitization alteration information are extracted precisely.After consider the ore\|controlling structure,rock mass and alteration information comprehensively,A remote sensing geological prospecting model of porphyry copper\|gold deposits in the study area is established and finally 6 preferable ore\|finding area are delineated.     

基于ETM+的几内亚铝土矿蚀变信息提取方法研究

铝土矿上覆厚度为0.5~9 m的铁矾土(铁帽)的特点使得研究区内铝土矿蚀变信息在一定程度上可以由铁帽信息来表示。在分析区内铝土矿的含矿体系、光谱特征和遥感影像特征的基础上,提出充分利用铝土矿与铁帽信息的相关性,通过提取铁帽信息来间接提取铝土矿蚀变信息。介绍了通过“多元数据分析+比值分析+主成分分析+分类”提取铝土矿蚀变信息的方法,结果表明:利用该方法提取的蚀变信息与已知矿体的吻合率为63%,蚀变信息提取准确度较主成分分析(44.6%)和比值分析(54.7%)有较大幅度提高。该方法能够抑制植被覆盖及第四系等干扰因素的影响,快速有效地提取几内亚金迪亚地区的铝土矿蚀变信息,初步查明区内铝土矿的分布规律,为进一步找矿勘查工作提供了有效的指示信息,这对于找矿勘查成本高的海外勘探区,具有重要的现实意义。     

基于熵权法和模糊评价的信息化厂商评价研究

针对信息化厂商综合评价中各指标的模糊性和不确定性,尝试综合运用层次分析法、熵权法和模糊综合评价法,构建主观权重和客观权重相结合的模糊综合评价法以评价信息化厂商质量。采用层次分析和熵权法分别确定主观权重和客观权重,挖掘指标样本值的客观信息差异,力图使结果更为客观。应用供电企业信息化厂商实际数据测算结果验证了熵权组合权重的信息化厂商的模糊综合评价模型的有效性和实用性。     

约束多目标粒子群算法在烧结配矿优化中的应用

针对钢铁生产的烧结配料过程中铁矿石价格变化大、矿石品位波动、烧结原料信息复杂、烧结配料约束繁多等对烧结配料成本的影响,提出了一种基于区域划分的约束多目标粒子群优化算法对烧结配矿进行优化.以国内某钢铁厂的实际烧结生产配料为例,构建烧结配料系统模型;为了协调全局探索和局部搜索的关系,将自适应角度划分策略融入约束评价准则,结合区域分布提取局部最优解信息,同时引入双外部存储集机制,维护种群多样性;通过标准函数集的测试,验证了所提算法的有效性.该算法应用于配矿过程中,能够兼顾成本与全铁含量,有效降低了烧结配料的成本,对烧结铁矿石资源的综合利用及质量保证具有重要意义.     

Genetic algorithms for feature selection of image analysis-based quality monitoring model: An application to an iron mine

Measuring the quality parameters of materials at mines is difficult and a costly job. In this paper, an image analysis-based method is proposed efficiently and cost effectively that determines the quality parameters of material. The image features are extracted from the samples collected from a mine and modeled using neural networks against the actual grade values of the samples generated by chemical analysis. The dimensions of the image features are reduced by applying the genetic algorithm. The results showed that only 39 features out of 189 features are sufficient to model the quality parameter. The model was tested with the testing data set and the result revealed that the estimated grade values are in good agreement with the real grade values (R²=0.77). The developed method was then applied to a case study mine of iron ore. The case study results show that proposed image-based algorithm can be a good alternative for estimating quality parameters of materials at a mine site. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by applying it on a limestone deposit and the results revealed that the method performed equally well for the limestone deposit.     

Extracting Built\|up Areas from TerraSAR-X Data Using Object-oriented Classification Method

Urban sprawl stands for one of the most dynamic process in the context of global land use changes.Currently developing countries are going through the tide of urban expansion,represented by China and India.The constantly increasing loss of land resources due to growing settlements comes along with various ecological and socioeconomic challenges such as air pollutant,water contamination,urban heat island effect and urban waterlog disaster.In order to prevent these negative consequences,effective methods and strategies for a sustainable development of urban planning is the availability of accurate and up\|to\|date geo\|data on the location,shape,and dynamics of built\|up areas.Based on single\|polarized TerraSAR\|X,the approach generates homogeneous segments on an arbitrary number of scale levels by applying a region\|growing algorithm,which takes the intensity of backscatter and shape\|related properties into account.The object\|oriented procedure consists of three main steps:firstly,the analysis of the local speckle behavior in the SAR intensity data,leading to the generation of a texture image;secondly,a segmentation based on the intensity image;thirdly,the classification of each segment using the derived texture file and intensity information in order to identify and extract build\|up areas.In our research,the distribution of BAs in Dongying City is derived from single\|polarized TSX SM image (acquired on 17th June 2013)with average ground resolution of 3m using our proposed approach.By cross\|validating the random selected validation points with geo\|referenced field sites,Google Earth high\|resolution imagery,confusion matrices with statistical indicators are calculated and used for assessing the classification results.The result of kappa coefficient is 0.85,OA coefficient is 92.89%.We have shown that connect texture information with the analysis of the local speckle divergence,combining texture and intensity of construction extraction is feasible,efficient and rapid.     

秘鲁中南部奥马斯地区铜多金属遥感找矿预测研究

利用ASTER多光谱卫星数据,根据研究区内蚀变矿物的波谱特性,采用特征波段组合的主成分分析方法进行蚀变矿物组合信息提取,分别提取了绢云母、高岭石、蒙脱石、伊利石和明矾石等Al-OH类蚀变矿物组合信息,以及绿泥石、绿帘石和碳酸盐化(方解石和白云石)等青磐岩化类蚀变矿物组合信息。同时采用人机交互解译技术在研究区开展了遥感地质解译,结合区域成矿地质特征,综合分析了研究区控矿线性构造、环形构造、赋矿岩层和蚀变矿物组合等遥感示矿信息,并基于遥感示矿信息进行了综合找矿预测,圈定出遥感找矿有利区,经地面水系沉积物化探填图和高分辨卫星影像佐证,研究表明圈定的遥感找矿有利区为研究区开展地面矿产勘查工作提供重要的参考依据。     

煤矿通风系统可靠性评价

在全面分析煤矿通风系统可靠性影响因素基础上,选取13个主要影响因素作为评价指标,确立了煤矿通风系统可靠性评价指标体系;采用主成分分析法将13个评价指标简化为4个综合指标,同时根据各综合指标的贡献率得到相应的权重;利用灰色关联分析法构建了煤矿通风系统的可靠性评价模型,最终获得各煤矿通风系统的可靠度。实例验证了基于主成分分析法和灰色关联分析法的煤矿通风系统可靠性评价方法的实用性。