基于不变矩和BP神经网络的剪纸纹样识别

针对剪纸纹样艺术夸张变形的特点,将剪纸图像进行预处理,提取7个不变矩作为剪纸纹样的特征向量,采用LM算法优化BP神经网络,通过归一化后的不变矩对BP神经网络进行训练,应用训练后的神经网络作为分类器对剪纸纹样进行模式识别,实验证明该方法能够较好地识别有一定艺术变形的剪纸纹样。     

Pattern fusion in feature recognition neural networks forhandwritten character recognition

B. Hussain and M.R. Kabuka (1994) proposed a feature recognition neural network to reduce the network size of neocognitron. However, a distinct subnet is created for every training pattern. Therefore, a big network is obtained when the number of training patterns is large. Furthermore, recognition rate can be hurt due to the failure of combining features from similar training patterns. We propose an improvement by incorporating the idea of fuzzy ARTMAP in the feature recognition neural network. Training patterns are allowed to be merged, based on the measure of similarity among features, resulting in a subnet being shared by similar patterns. Because of the fusion of training patterns, network size is reduced and recognition rate is increased.     

基于改进卷积神经网络的动力下肢假肢运动意图识别

传统动力下肢假肢运动意图识别算法常使用机器学习算法分类器,在特征选择方面则需要手工提取.针对该问题将深度学习算法应用于运动意图识别研究中,通过在传统的卷积神经网络的基础上进行改进,使算法更适应于基于短时行为样本数据的运动意图识别,同时抑制深度学习算法应用于运动意图识别中的过拟合.在意图识别数据集中进行滑动窗口预处理,目的是对时间序列样本做数据增广,扩增目标数据集能够使训练集更加丰富全面,提高识别的精度,运用改进后的卷积神经网络对增广后的数据集进行特征学习与分类.实验结果表明,该方法在13类运动模式下的识别率达到93%.     

A fuzzy neural network and its application to pattern recognition

Defines four types of fuzzy neurons and proposes the structure of a four-layer feedforward fuzzy neural network (FNN) and its associated learning algorithm. The proposed four-layer FNN performs well when used to recognize shifted and distorted training patterns. When an input pattern is provided, the network first fuzzifies this pattern and then computes the similarities of this pattern to all of the learned patterns. The network then reaches a conclusion by selecting the learned pattern with the highest similarity and gives a nonfuzzy output. The 26 English alphabets and the 10 Arabic numerals, each represented by 16×16 pixels, were used as original training patterns. In the simulation experiments, the original 36 exemplar patterns were shifted in eight directions by 1 pixel (6.25% to 8.84%) and 2 pixels (12.5% to 17.68%). After the FNN has been trained by the 36 exemplar patterns, the FNN can recall all of the learned patterns with 100% recognition rate. It can also recognize patterns shifted by 1 pixel in eight directions with 100% recognition rate and patterns shifted by 2 pixels in eight directions with an average recognition rate of 92.01%. After the FNN has been trained by the 36 exemplar patterns and 72 shifted patterns, it can recognize patterns shifted by 1 pixel with 100% recognition rate and patterns shifted by 2 pixels with an average recognition rate of 98.61%. The authors have also tested the FNN with 10 kinds of distorted patterns for each of the 36 exemplars. The FNN can recognize all of the distorted patterns with 100% recognition rate. The proposed FNN can also be adapted for applications in some other pattern recognition problems     

Neocognitron: A new algorithm for pattern recognition tolerant of deformations and shifts in position

Suggested by the structure of the visual nervous system, a new algorithm is proposed for pattern recognition. This algorithm can be realized with a multilayered network consisting of neuron-like cells. The network, “neocognitron”, is self-organized by unsupervised learning, and acquires the ability to recognize stimulus patterns according to the differences in their shapes: Any patterns which we human beings judge to be alike are also judged to be of the same category by the neocognitron. The neocognitron recognizes stimulus patterns correctly without being affected by shifts in position or even by considerable distortions in shape of the stimulus patterns.     

Efficient training of RBF neural networks for pattern recognition.

The problem of training a radial basis function (RBF) neural network for distinguishing two disjoint sets in R(n) is considered. The network parameters can be determined by minimizing an error function that measures the degree of success in the recognition of a given number of training patterns. In this paper, taking into account the specific feature of classification problems, where the goal is to obtain that the network outputs take values above or below a fixed threshold, we propose an approach alternative to the classical one that makes use of the least-squares error function. In particular, the problem is formulated in terms of a system of nonlinear inequalities, and a suitable error function, which depends only on the violated inequalities, is defined. Then, a training algorithm based on this formulation is presented. Finally, the results obtained by applying the algorithm to two test problems are compared with those derived by adopting the commonly used least-squares error function. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in RBF network training for pattern recognition, mainly in terms of computational time saving.     

基于Hadoop的大规模网络安全实体识别方法

随着大数据时代的到来,如何从多源异构数据中准确地识别网络安全实体是构建网络安全知识图谱的基础问题。因此本文针对网络安全相关文本数据,研究支持海量网络数据的安全实体识别算法,为构建网络安全知识图谱奠定基础。针对海量的文本类网络数据中安全实体的高效精准抽取问题,本文基于Hadoop分布式计算框架提出改进的条件随机场（conditional random fields,CRF）算法,对数据集进行有效分割,实现安全实体的高效准确识别。在大规模真实网络数据集上的实验证明,本文提出的算法达到了较高的网络安全实体识别准确率,同时提高了识别的效率。     

A hybrid learning network for shift, orientation, and scaling invariant pattern recognition.

A three-layer neural network is presented as a generic approach for visual pattern recognition invariant with respect to the geometric appearance such as translation, orientation and scale of the patterns. The invariant recognition is achieved by representing the geometric variations internally in the network by nodes in the input and middle layers, which are laterally connected and trained by a hybrid algorithm combining both competitive and Hebbian learning. As the result of the hybrid learning, each pattern will be represented by a particular subset of middle-layer nodes all specialized to respond to the same pattern but with different geometric appearances. The nodes in the output layer are then trained by competitive learning to recognize the different pattern internally represented by the middle-layer nodes, independent of their location, orientation and size. The proposed algorithm is generic and robust and can be applied to various practical recognition problems. Moreover, the network is relatively simple and biologically plausible and can serve as a computational model to account for the invariant object recognition in the biological visual system.     

The Hypercube Separation algorithm: A fast and efficient algorithm for on-line handwritten character recognition

This paper introduces a new neural network training algorithm, Hypercube Separation (HCS) algorithm which is very fast and guaranteed to learn. HCS is a simple algorithm suitable for hardware implementation which classifies different input patterns presented to it through the formation of multiple hyperplanes. The performance of the HCS algorithm is compared to that of the Binary Synaptic Weights (BSW) algorithm and to the Backpropagation (BP) algorithm in solving the two spiral problem, which is an almost pathological problem for pattern separation. The HCS algorithm was able to successfully separate the input patterns, requiring three orders of magnitude less training time than the BP algorithm and one order of magnitude less hidden layer nodes than the BSW algorithm. We also present the application of HCS to on-line handwritten character recognition with good results, especially when the simple nature of the algorithm is taken into consideration.     

基于RBF神经网络的抗噪语音识别

针对目前在噪音环境下语音识别系统性能较差的问题,利用RBF神经网络具有最佳逼近性能、训练速度快等特性,分别采用聚类和全监督训练算法,实现了基于RBF神经网络的抗噪语音识别系统。聚类算法的隐含层训练采用K－均值聚类算法,输出层的学习采用线性最小二乘法;全监督算法中所有参数的调整基于梯度下降法,它是一种有监督学习算法,能够选出性能优良的参数。实验表明,在不同的信噪比下,全监督算法较之聚类算法有更高的识别率。     

基于仿生模式识别理论的声调识别

基音频率轨迹能比较真实地反映汉语普通话中的声调特性,通过识别不同的基音轨迹来识别声调,是一种较好的方法。根据仿生模式识别理论,提出用迭代自组织数据分析算法(ISODATA)寻找覆盖区中心,运用多权值神经网络对每个聚类中心实现覆盖的方法,实现四种声调的识别。通过实验与隐马尔科夫模型(HMM)和支持向量机(SVM)算法比较,在少量样本的情况下,能得到相对较高的识别率。     

基于Stein-Weiss函数的彩色掌纹特征识别算法

针对目前掌纹识别算法中对彩色掌纹图像的识别研究不多,提出一种新的基于Stein-Weiss函数解析性质的BP神经网络彩色掌纹图像的识别算法。首先为彩色掌纹图像中的每个像素点构建一个Stein-Weiss函数,再根据Stein-Weiss函数的解析性,计算出相应像素的十六个特征值,将这些特征值输入到BP神经网络的输入层,通过BP神经网络的自学习能力对这些数据进行分类学习;然后通过BP神经网络的泛化能力来获取掌纹边缘线;最后对掌纹边缘线提取成对几何特征建立特征库,通过成对几何直方图相交算法进行掌纹识别。实验结果表明,相对于以往的灰度掌纹图像识别算法,该算法能够更快地提取出更精细的掌纹线,识别率更高,并且对于旋转和噪声的干扰具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Resolution of pattern recognition problems using a hybrid Genetic/Random Neural Network learning algorithm

Gelenbe has proposed a neural network, called a Random Neural Network, which calculates the probability of activation of the neurons in the network. In this paper, we propose to solve the patterns recognition problem using a hybrid Genetic/Random Neural Network learning algorithm. The hybrid algorithm trains the Random Neural Network by integrating a genetic algorithm with the gradient descent rule-based learning algorithm of the Random Neural Network. This hybrid learning algorithm optimises the Random Neural Network on the basis of its topology and its weights distribution. We apply the hybrid Genetic/Random Neural Network learning algorithm to two pattern recognition problems. The first one recognises or categorises alphabetic characters, and the second recognises geometric figures. We show that this model can efficiently work as associative memory. We can recognise pattern arbitrary images with this algorithm, but the processing time increases rapidly.     

基于模糊混沌神经网络的人脸识别算法

利用混沌对初值的极端敏感依赖性,可以对仅有微小差别的模式进行识别。提出一种基于模糊混沌神经网络的算法,并应用到人脸识别中。由于引入了混沌噪声,可使网络具有很强的抗干扰能力,能有效避免人脸图像光照、姿态等因素对人脸识别的影响,也避免了复杂的特征提取工作。利用ORL人脸图像数据库进行了仿真实验,结果表明,混沌神经网络算法精度高、迭代步骤少、收敛快,混沌神经网络应用于人脸识别是有效的,能提高识别率。     

一种轻量化中文指路标志的文本识别算法

针对中文交通指路标志中多方向、多角度的文本提取与识别困难的问题,提出了一种融合了卷积神经网络与传统机器学习方法的轻量化中文交通指路标志文本提取与识别算法。首先,对YOLOv5l目标检测网络进行轻量改进,提出了YOLOv5t网络用以提取指路标志牌中的文本区域;然后,结合投影直方图法与多项式拟合法的M-split算法,对提取到的文本区域进行字符分割;最后,使用MobileNetV3轻量化网络对文本进行识别。提出的算法在自制数据集TS-Detect上进行近景文本识别,精度达到了901%,检测速度达到了40 fps,且权重文件大小仅有24.45 MB。实验结果表明,提出的算法具有轻量化、高精度的特性,能够完成复杂拍摄条件下的实时中文指路标志文本提取与识别任务。     

Rotation-invariant neural pattern recognition system estimating arotation angle

A rotation-invariant neural pattern recognition system, which can recognize a rotated pattern and estimate its rotation angle, is considered. It is well-known that humans sometimes recognize a rotated form by means of mental rotation. The occurrence of mental rotation can be explained in terms of the theory of information types. Therefore, we first examine the applicability of the theory to a rotation-invariant neural pattern recognition system. Next, we present a rotation-invariant neural network which can estimate a rotation angle. The neural network consists of a preprocessing network to detect the edge features of input patterns and a trainable multilayered network. Furthermore, a rotation-invariant neural pattern recognition system which includes the rotation-invariant neural network is proposed. This system is constructed on the basis of the above-mentioned theory. Finally, it is shown that, by means of computer simulations of a binary pattern and a coin recognition problem, the system is able to recognize rotated patterns and estimate their rotation angle.     

反舰导弹类型识别的贝叶斯网络方法

通过对反舰导弹运动模式及运动特征参数的分析,提出了一种有效的反舰导弹类型识别的贝叶斯网络方法。在机动目标交互式多模型跟踪的基础上,利用曲线拐点检测方法对典型运动模式段进行划分,识别其运动特征参数,根据运动特征参数建立目标类型识别的贝叶斯网络模型。仿真实验证明,方法结构简单,易于实现,具有较高的实用性。     

基于多分类器的无分割手写数字字符串识别算法

手写体数字字符串识别常用于邮件自动分拣、银行票据和财务报表的录入中,针对其分割识别算法复杂度较高、准确率较低的问题,提出一种多分类器下无分割手写数字字符串识别算法。该算法的核心是采用四个分类器实现粘连字符串的无分割识别;将残差结构应用于LeNet-5网络,以增加网络深度,提高识别准确率,加快收敛速度;使用动态选择策略,以避免长度分类器误分类对识别结果的影响。实验结果表明,在NIST SD19一位数字和Synthetic数据集训练网络下,使用NIST SD19上长度为2、3、4、5、6的字符串验证网络,其识别准确率分别为99.3%、98.5%、98.1%、96.6%和97.2%。     

基于LM算法的神经网络语音识别

由于语音识别中朵用标准BP算法存在的训练速度慢、容易陷入局部极小等问题，提出一种基于稳定、快速的Levenberg-Marquardt算法的神经网络语音识别方法，主要包括语音信号预处理、特征提取、网络结构优化设计、网络学习训练和语音识别等过程。其中网络隐含层节点数的选取采用黄金分割优选法。试验仿真表明，LM算法明显提高了网络训练速度，减少了训练时间，其效果优越于标准BP算法。