一种图文法制导的软件体系结构开发环境Artemis-GADE

图形化、集成化的软件体系结构开发环境对于推动软件体系结构相关技术的研究和应用具有重要的意义.提出了一种基于图文法的可视化编辑环境生成机制.对于给定的软件体系结构风格的图文法描述,可以自动生成相应的图文法制导的体系结构编辑工具.与常见的基于Meta-Model的开发环境相比,这种图文法制导的开发方式更多地利用了相应软件体系结构风格的内在语义,从而提高了环境的易用性和可靠性.设计并实现了一个原型系统Artemis-GADE(graph grammar-directed architecture development environment),初步验证了上述途径的可行性.     

面向体系结构的可视化服务集成开发环境Artemis-VIDE

为支持直观易扩展的软件服务集成和所集成之应用系统的动态演化，本文提出了一个面向体系结构的可视化服务集成开发环境。该环境支持以图形化的方式定义系统的软件体系结构及相关协同逻辑，并据此生成内置于应用系统之中的运行时刻体系结构对象，作为应用系统运行和演化的基础。该环境还集成了服务搜索、基于图文法的体系结构检查等功能，为系统的开发、运行、监控和动态演化提供了一个一致、易用、可扩展的支撑平台。     

一种面向图的分布Web应用架构技术

提出一种面向图的软件体系结构描述和实现技术(称为WebGOP)来支持分布Web应用系统的架构，开发者通过定义图的拓扑结构来描述体系结构，并可以根据需要定制图的类型以更好地表达特定的体系结构风格。同时，这个图实现为一个分布共享对象，显式地存在于应用系统之中，为各个构件的执行提供了一个面向图的上下文，也为体系结构的实现和动态演化提供了依托．该技术直观性强，有助于缩小体系结构描述与实现之间的距离，特别是可为系统动态重配置提供良好的支持．该文还利用edNCE图文法对WebGOP进行了形式化处理，设计实现了一个WebGOP原型系统，并对这个原型系统的关键性能指标进行了测试以表明该技术的可行性。     

软件体系结构动态模型描述及其测试中的应用

软件体系结构的动态性描述在基于软件体系结构的一致性测试中是非常件体系结构的动态性,通过对软件体系结构描述语言研究,利用带标号的转换系统来模拟软件体系结构的动态性,把带标号的转换系统作为软件体系结构动态性模型并从中选取测试序列进行测试,并通过具体实例给出了带标号转换系统这一动态模型的导出过程及利用此动态模型进行一致性测试的方法.     

基于组件的分布式软件的动态配置和容错

论文提出一种结构化新方法,它能通过动态配置支持基于组件的分布式软件的容错。采用面向图形的编程模型,基于组件的分布式软件的软件体系结构可用一个逻辑图来表示,该逻辑图可以精化为一个明确的对象并分布到网络中,软件的动态配置通过执行定义在图上的一系列操作来实现,发生错误时通过动态重配置软件来支持容错。论文描述了该方法的基本模型、系统结构及其在CORBA上的实现原型。     

动态自适应软件体系结构重配置研究

在当前的自适应软件研究中,人们将更多的关注点放在环境感知、服务质量建模、编程语言等方面,从而导致缺乏对自适应过程和原理的深入揭示的问题.关注体系结构,研究动态自适应过程,提出了一种软件体系结构重配置方法.该方法通过对构件、连接子的添加、删除和替换等操作来调整体系结构.基于云计算的服务器池大小动态自适应调整实验表明,动态自适应能提高系统的可信度,降低运行费用.     

用于测试的SA动态模型生成方法

SA(软件体系结构)的动态性描述在基于软件体系结构的一致性测试中是非常关键的一步。许多软件体系结构描述语言是利用带标号的转换系统(LTS)来模拟软件体系结构动态性的,利用LTS作为软件体系结构动态性模型并从中选取测试序列。通过实例研究了两种体系结构描述语言及其分别向动态模型LTS转变的过程。     

用于测试的SA动态模型生成方法

SA（软件体系结构）的动态性描述在基于软件体系结构的一致性测试中是非常关键的一步。许多软件体系结构描述语言是利用带标号的转换系统（LTS）来模拟软件体系结构动态性的，利用LTS作为软件体系结构动态性模型并从中选取测试序列。通过实例研究了两种体系结构描述语言及其分别向动态模型LTS转变的过程。     

软件体系结构动态演化的条件超图文法及分析

针对目前.软件体系结构动态演化描述方法的不足,提出用约束超图表示软件体系结构,用左右应用条件刻画软件体系结构动态演化的前断言和后断言,用条件超图文法建模软件体系结构动态演化过程.通过案例分析,讨论了如何构建条件超图文法并应用于软件体系结构动态演化.在此基础上,建立软件体系结构动态演化的一致性条件定义,给出动态演化的一致性判定方法.最后,设计实验进行分析,验证了方法的有效性.     

一类通用的适应性软件体系结构风格研究

研究并提出一类通用的适应性软件体系结构风格.通过对适应性软件体系结构的基本特性分析,抽取适应性软件体系结构的通用框架,建立基于多视图建模理论的集成化适应性软件体系结构参考模型,给出多视图模型的演化与映射规律.基于元建模和图转换理论,提出模型映射一致性算法.最后,建立了适应性软件体系结构支撑环境.适应性软件体系结构适用于复杂软件系统,特别是网络环境下大型、开放式软件系统的开发和实施.     

MDE for SoC design

We employ the principles of model-driven engineering to assist the design of system-on-chip (SoC) architectures. As a concrete example, we look at the MICAS architecture, for which we propose a graphical specification language, defined via metamodeling techniques, that models the architecture at different abstraction levels. Model transformations are defined to support the refinement of MICAS specification towards implementation. In addition, several libraries are put in place, to enable reuse and automation throughout the design process. Tool support for editing the specifications, enforcing their consistency, and for running the transformations is provided via the Coral modeling framework. The approach shows that model-driven engineering can be seen as an enabler in providing computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tool support and automation for the development of SoC architectures.     

Constraint—Preserving Architecture Transformations：A Graph Rewriting Approach

Architecture transformations are frequently performed during software design and maintenance.However this activity is not well supported at a sufficiently abstract level.In this paper,the authors characterize architecture transformations using using graph rewriting rules,where architectures are represented in graph notations,Architectures are usually required to satisfy certain constraints during evolution.Therefore a way is presented to construct the sufficient and necessary condition for a transformatio to preserve a constraint.The condition can be verified before the application of the transformation.Validated transformations are guaranteed not to violate corresponding constraints whenever applied.     

基于Wright的SA级测试路径生成方法

软件体系结构用来描述系统的高层结构和行为特征,软件体系结构描述语言ADLs是对软件体系结构的形式化描述.在软件体系结构描述语言Wright的基础上,引入了一种图形的表示方法,即以动态行为图(BG图)来表示相关的构件间的动态行为及它们之间的关系,并提出了软件体系结构测试覆盖准则.根据BG图中路径的定义,给出了BG图中测试路径生成算法的基本思想.以C/S体系结构为例,验证了该方法在生成SA级的测试路径上是可行的.     

Software support for multiprocessor latency measurement andevaluation

Parallel computing scalability evaluates the extent to which parallel programs and architectures can effectively utilize increasing numbers of processors. In this paper, we compare a group of existing scalability metrics and evaluation models with an experimental metric which uses network latency to measure and evaluate the scalability of parallel programs and architectures. To provide insight into dynamic system performance, we have developed an integrated software environment prototype for measuring and evaluating multiprocessor scalability performance, called Scale-Graph. Scale-Graph uses a graphical instrumentation monitor to collect, measure and analyze latency-related data, and to display scalability performance based on various program execution patterns. The graphical software tool is X-Windows based and is currently implemented on standard workstations to analyze performance data of the KSR-1, a hierarchical ring-based shared-memory architecture     

分布式软件动态配置环境可视化的研究与实现

研究了分布式软件开发配置模型OrbGOP的树形配置结构及可视化实现。基于图形编程技术,此模型通过建立构件到结点、构件互操作关系到结点连线的映射,将整个分布式软件的体系结构描述为一张树形逻辑图,用户通过执行图上预定义的一组操作就可以实现系统的动态配置,这使得动态配置工作简单有效,极大地减轻了软件维护的负担。     

运行时软件体系结构的建模与维护

运行时体系结构是系统运行时刻的一个动态、结构化的抽象,描述系统当前的组成成分、各成分的状态和配置以及不同成分之间的关系.运行时体系结构与目标系统间具有动态的因果关联,即系统的变化及时体现在体系结构上,而对体系结构的修改及时影响当前系统.运行时体系结构允许开发者以读写体系结构的方式实现系统的监测和调整,是体系结构层次系统动态适应与在线演化的基础.构造运行时体系结构的关键是针对不同的目标系统和体系结构风格实现合适的基础设施,以维护二者之间的因果关联.由于目标系统和体系结构的多样性以及因果关联维护逻辑的复杂性,这一构造过程往往过于繁琐、易错、难以复用和维护.提出一种模型驱动的运行时体系结构构造方法.开发者只需针对目标系统、体系结构以及两者之间的关系分别进行建模,根据这些模型,支撑框架自动构造合法而高效的运行时体系结构基础设施.基于MOF 和QVT 标准建模语言定义了一组运行时体系结构建模语言,并基于通用的模型与系统间同步技术实现了相应的支撑框架.一系列实例研究表明,该方法具有广泛的适用性,并显著提高了运行时体系结构构造过程的效率与可复用性.     

Describing software architecture styles using graph grammars

We believe that software architectures should provide an appropriate basis for the proof of properties of large software. This goal can be achieved through a clearcut separation between computation and communication and a formal definition of the interactions between individual components. We present a formalism for the definition of software architectures in terms of graphs. Nodes represent the individual agents and edges define their interconnection. Individual agents can communicate only along the links specified by the architecture. The dynamic evolution of an architecture is defined independently by a “coordinator”. An architecture style is a class of architectures specified by a graph grammar. The class characterizes a set of architectures sharing a common communication pattern. The rules of the coordinator are statically checked to ensure that they preserve the constraints imposed by the architecture style     

Aspect-oriented model-driven skeleton code generation: A graph-based transformation approach

Model-driven code generation has been investigated in traditional and object-oriented design paradigms; significant progress has been made. It offers many advantages including the rapid development of high quality code. Errors are reduced and the consistency between the design and the code is retained, in comparison with a purely manual approach. Here, a model-driven code generation approach based on graph transformations for aspect-oriented development is proposed. The approach has two main transformation activities. The first activity transforms a visual (graphical) model of the design into a formal, text-based notation that can be readily processed. The graphical model is created by the software designer and uses a UML profile for aspect-oriented software (i.e., FDAF) to represent aspects and their components. XML is the target notation for this step; the transformation uses the XML meta-model to ensure that the output complies with the language. The second activity transforms the XML model into AspectJ source code. The transformation uses the AspectJ meta-model to ensure the output complies with the language. The transformations from the extended UML model to XML and from XML to AspectJ code are fully automated. The transformation algorithms are based on graph transformations; tool support has been developed. Key technical issues in the approach are discussed, including performance, the amount of code generated, correctness, and adaptability, in addition to a comparison of the proposal with existing alternative approaches. The approach has been validated on three example systems: a banking system, classroom scheduling system, and an insurance system. The banking system example is presented in the paper.