基于CMM的软件过程改进实践

CMM是一种软件生产过程标准和软件企业成熟度评估标准,该标准侧重于软件开发过程的管理及工程能力的提高与评估.基于CMM理论在软件过程改进中的应用,针对软件开发过程中存在的问题,采用CMM2级项目级实践,实现4个关键过程域:需求管理、软件项目计划、软件项目跟踪和监督、软件质量保证,制定出符合项目需求和管理的规范与过程,将CMM理论应用于软件开发过程中,对项目各个环节的工作进行改进,取得良好的过程改进效果,并从中总结基于CMM模型进行过程改进的经验.     

基于CMM的项目需求管理过程研究

项目需求管理是在软件工程过程中对变化的需求进行管理的过程。通过分析当前软件需求管理中存在的主要问题,并在研究CMM2级对需求管理要求的基础上,提出了基于CMM2级的需求管理实施过程,并给出了一个实现方案,最后讨论了实现方案中一些关键技术。     

一种基于PDCA的软件过程控制与改进模型

CMM/CMMI(capability maturity model/CMM integration)自1999年开始为中国软件企业所接受并逐步得以推广,但目前中国实施CMM/CMMI的企业还不多,有些企业实施效果并不理想.通过调查软件企业在实施CMM/CMMI过程中存在的问题,并对发现的问题及其负面影响进行分析,提出了基于PDCA(plan-do-check-action)的软件过程控制与改进模型,开发了SoftPM软件质量管理平台.该平台的广泛应用表明,该模型对提高CMM/CMMI的企业软件过程的效率和改善实施效果很有帮助.     

基于USDP的软件质量控制

在研究软件质量控制的过程中，CMM是一个很重要的成果。作为一种框架性标准，并不具备可操作性，需要结合一种具体的可操作性过程来实现CMM。在统一建模语言UML的基础上产生了统一软件开发过程USDP。为了达到软件过程控制软件质最的目的。在基于USDP实现了CMM可重复级基础上给出了简化的企业软件过程模型，试图为企业软件过程的确立提供基础。     

软件企业实施CMM改进软件过程的研究

CMM（能力成熟度模型）是当前软件行业的重要技术，研究和实施CMM认证，有助于软件企业提高生产率。对IT界公认的软件过程改进标准CMM进行了介绍，包括其发展、内容和运用；分析了我国软件企业的现状，以及实施CMM进行软件过程改进所面临的问题；提出了中小企业改进软件过程、提高软件质量、规避软件风险的笨略。     

基于CMM的软件过程改进实践

CMM是一种软件生产过程标准和软件企业成熟度评估标准,该标准侧重于软件开发过程的管理及工程能力的提高与评估。基于CMM理论在软件过程改进中的应用,针对软件开发过程中存在的问题,采用CMM2级项目级实践,实现4个关键过程域：需求管理、软件项目计划、软件项目跟踪和监督、软件质量保证,制定出符合项目需求和管理的规范与过程,将CMM理论应用于软件开发过程中,对项目各个环节的工作进行改进,取得良好的过程改进效果,并从中总结基于CMM模型进行过程改进的经验。     

CMM的过程数据库和过程能力基线

CMM是评估软件能力与成熟度的一套标准，它侧重于软件开发过程的管理和工程能力的提高与评估。过程数据库PDB和过程能力基线PCB是CMM的两个机制，通过研究它们，有利于实现CMM3和CMM4中的一些重要指标。PCB有助于过程的分析和改进。本文着重讨论了PDB的概念和内容；讨论了PCB的具体定义；并根据Infosys公司的资料推出PCB以及它与统计过程控制的关系；介绍了PCB在过程改进和分析中的应用。本文对CMM的实施有一定指导意义。     

基于SPEM的CMM软件过程元模型

软件企业在实施CMM(capability maturity modelfor software)的过程中面临最主要的障碍是如何将CMM 软件过程模型转换成可实施的、体现组织过程特征的CMM实施过程模型.可以利用模型驱动架构MDA来支持CMM模型转换,其首要问题是建立CMM软件过程元模型.通过分析CMM软件过程,给出了面向CMM的软件过程工程元模型SPEM的扩展策略,提出了一个基于SPEM的CMM软件过程元模型一-SPM-CMM.该元模型既支持CMM软件过程的抽象语法和规则语义,也支持利用UML CASE工具操作CMM软件过程模型.     

运用CMM对RUP的评估和改进

文中运用CMM模型对RUP进行评估,计算出了RUP对CMM2级和CMM3级中的每个KPA支持的百分比,根据计算结果分析了RUP与CMM 2级和CMM 3级的差异,并对RUP提出了三点改进建议.通过采用RUP的组织过渡到CMM 2级和CMM 3级,提高了组织的能力成熟度.     

基于CMM的中小软件企业过程改进实施方案研究

随着软件工程化进程的推进,各种过程改进模型和方法层出不穷。针对如何将软件能力成熟度模型CMM与我国中小型软件组织相融合这一问题,对CMM中的各关键实践进行了裁剪和重定位。结合软件开发的迭代增量模型,将软件开发过程分为先启阶段、精化阶段、构造阶段和产品提交等阶段,并将需求管理、项目规划管理和项目监控等管理活动与软件开发过程相结合,提出了一种基于CMM模型的适合国内中小型企业的过程改进方案,实践证明了此方案的可行性及经济性。     

Applying CMM project planning practices to diverse environments

Many organizations today are using the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and experiencing difficulties in applying it to their non-traditional software development efforts. The authors show how to improve project planning processes using the CMM by focusing on its intent, instead of treating its practices as gospel     

Software Quality and Management: How the World's Most Powerful Software Makers do it

Controlling software quality is a major challenge in modern software development projects. This article looks at software development practices at the two largest producers of software, IBM and Microsoft, and compares them against the Software Engineering Institute's (SEI) Capability Maturity Model (CMM). It concludes that rigorous quality controls and the CMM's basic premise for reaching higher maturity are still the best ways to produce quality software.     

Software process improvement in small organizations: a case study

The Capability Maturity Model for software has become a major force in software development process improvement. We looked at the role of process improvement in the context of a small organization. Although the Capability Maturity Model integration is replacing the CMM, we focused on the older CMM. We had to look at more than which CMM key process areas apply to small businesses. Our overall goal was to institute good software development practices, we used the language of the CMM to gain the management's cooperation. Applying these practices is essential to managing growth, yet undertaking this effort without prior experience could impede a small company's innovative nature. This case study's purpose was to investigate the success factors of a software process improvement effort for a small software development organization.     

Leveraging global resources: a process maturity framework for managing distributed development

The popular and well-tested software process frameworks such as the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Model and ISO 9001, details key process areas for software development. Focusing more on continuous improvement in code development processes, generic-process frameworks such as the CMM lack key process areas (KPA) that address capabilities for managing distributed software projects, such as establishing mutual knowledge and managing geographically dispersed social networks. We identify 24 new KPAs that address the wide-ranging capabilities needed for managing distributed software development and arrange them in an evolutionary order similar to the CMM framework. The evolutionary or phased approach in improving software management capabilities helps firms systematically assess their situations and plan for improvements. We also report the results of a statistically tested maturity assessment survey and test the overall rigor of our model against industry expert opinion and objective data collected from real-world projects implemented at SAP AG, a leading global-enterprise software firm.     

基于CMM的软件开发与测试

软件开发包括需求、设计、编程和测试,而软件测试是软件质量保证的关键步骤,已经得到人们越来越多的重视.目前,CMM(Capability Maturity Model,能力成熟度模型)已经成为国际上最流行、最实用的一种软件生产过程标准,得到了国际软件产业界的认可,成为当今企业从事规模软件生产不可缺少的一项内容.在软件的开发和测试的过程中,针对企业自身的特点,采用CMM软件开发管理流程,能够提高软件开发的质量和效率.     

Software Quality and Management: How the World's Most Powerful Software Makers do it

Abstract

Controlling software quality is a major challenge in modern software development projects. This article looks at software development practices at the two largest producers of software, IBM and Microsoft, and compares them against the Software Engineering Institute's (SEI) Capability Maturity Model (CMM). It concludes that rigorous quality controls and the CMM's basic premise for reaching higher maturity are still the best ways to produce quality software.     

关于过程改进框架及其关键因素的探讨

文章在介绍能力成熟度模型(CMM)的产生背景和世界各国CMM评估情况的基础上,根据对CMM研究的体会与实践的经验,提出了以集成的能力成熟度模型(CMMI)为基础、以个体软件过程(PSP)和群组软件过程(TSP)为支持的过程改进框架,并提出了实现过程改进的五个关键因素。这个框架和这些关键因素可以作为组织实现过程改进的一般指南。     

SEI capability maturity model's impact on contractors

The Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Model measures software development companies' ability to produce quality software within budget and on schedule. The CMM rates software development companies and government agencies at one of five maturity levels. Two key features are assessments and evaluations. Assessments represent a company's or government agency's voluntary, internal efforts to identify its current CMM maturity level and areas needing improvement. Evaluations represent an independent assessor's examination of a company's maturity level. Industry responses to the model vary. Some companies have reported that savings significantly offset the costs of achieving and maintaining a maturity level. Others have attacked the CMM on many fronts, such as its failure to incorporate Total Quality Management principles. Nevertheless, either enthusiastically or reluctantly companies are attempting to achieve higher CMM levels. The authors present both favorable and unfavorable reactions to the model as well as insight gained through discussions with various companies. They conclude that since no approach that enforces improvements will be universally acceptable in all aspects to all concerned, the CMM, on balance, can be considered a very successful model, particularly when combined with TQM principles. There may be uncertainty as to whether the costs of attaining and maintaining a CMM level will be recouped through reduced software production costs and more efficient software engineering practices (as published studies report). But with continued strong DoD sponsorship, there will likely be an increasing number of companies that base their software process improvement efforts on the CMM     

一个基于设计模式的通讯服务器的设计与实现

CMM(软件能力成熟模型)是一个管理和改进软件过程质量的软件过程模型。为了提高基于CMM的软件过程质量,应有效地支持和监视软件过程的实施。CPMS(基于CMM的过程管理系统)是一个分布式过程支持系统,它支持软件过程的自动实施。本文基于设计模式描述了CPMS中通用通讯服务器的设计与实现。这种设计与实现不仅允许通讯服务器对不同的应用提供不同的功能,而且对设计其它通讯服务器也提供指导。     

化学软件的软件过程改进

针对国内化学软件开发的特点，以软件能力成熟度模型（Capability Maturity Model of Software,SW-CMM）为基础，介绍了由初始级到可重复级的软件过程改进方案，并提出了适合化学软件开发的软件过程模型。