TAFFY: incorporating tag information into a diffusion process for personalized recommendations

The last few years have witnessed an explosion of information caused by the exponential growth of the Internet and World Wide Web, which confronted us with information overload and brought about an era of big data, appealing for efficient personalized recommender systems to assist the screening of useful information from various sources. As for a recommender system with more than the fundamental object-user rating information, such accessorial information as tags can be exploited and integrated into final ranking lists to improve recommendation performance. However, although existing studies have demonstrated that tags, as the additional yet useful resource, can be designed to improve recommendation performance, most network-based approaches take users, objects and tags as two bipartite graphs, or a tripartite graph, and therefore overlook either the important information among homogeneous nodes in each sub-graph, or the bipartite relations between users, objects or tags. Moreover, recent studies have suggested that the filtration of weak relationships in networks may reasonably enhance recommendation performance of collaborative filtering methods, and it has also been demonstrated that approaches based on the diffusion processes could more effectively capture relationships between objects and users, hence exhibiting higher performance than a typical collaborative filtering method. Based on these understandings, we propose a data fusion approach that integrates historical and tag data towards personalized recommendations. Our method coverts historical and tag data into complex networks, resorts to a diffusion kernel to measure the strength of associations between users and objects, and adopts Fisher’s combined probability test to obtain the statistical significance of such associations for personalized recommendations. We validate our approach via 10-fold cross-validation experiments. Results show that our method outperforms existing methods in not only the recommendation accuracy and diversity, but also retrieval performance. We further show the robustness of our method to related parameters.     

基于超图随机游走标签扩充的微博推荐方法

向微博用户推荐对其有价值和感兴趣的内容,是改善用户体验的重要途径.通过分析微博特点以及现有微博推荐算法的缺陷,利用标签信息表征用户兴趣,提出一种结合标签扩充与标签概率相关性的微博推荐方法.首先,考虑到大部分微博用户未给自己添加任何标签或添加标签过少,视用户发布微博为超边,微博中的词视为超点来构建超图,并以一定的加权策略对超边和超点进行加权,通过在超图上随机游走,得到一定数量的关键词,对微博用户标签进行扩充;然后,采用相关性标签权重加权方案构建用户-标签矩阵,利用标签之间的概率相关性,构造标签相似性矩阵,对用户-标签矩阵进行更新,使该矩阵既包含用户兴趣信息,又包含标签与标签之间的关系.以新浪微博公开API抓取的微博信息作为实验数据进行了一系列的实验和分析,结果表明,该推荐算法具有较好的效果.     

基于简介和评论的标签推荐方法研究

Web 2.0时代,社会标签是信息资源组织的一种重要方式。标签推荐能够有效的帮助用户收集、定位、查找和共享在线资源。以往的标签推荐算法只是基于一种文本信息,比如基于电影的简介文本来进行标签推荐。但是实际上电影往往存在多种文本信息,比如同时存在摘要信息和评论信息,不同类型的信息能够反映电影的不同方面的属性,因此为了提高电影标签推荐的准确率和有效性,我们同时根据电影的简介和短评进行电影标签自动推荐,并使用多种方法融合基于不同类型文本的标签推荐的结果,实验证明,使用不同类型信息进行标签推荐能够比单一使用一种文本信息进行标签推荐有很大的提升。
     

结合重要节点信任传播的社会化推荐算法

融合社交信息的推荐算法有效缓解了推荐算法中的数据稀疏性问题和冷启动问题,近年来受到极大的关注。但社交信息依然存在数据稀疏性问题,而且社交网络提供的二值数据无法衡量不同用户间的信任程度。针对这些问题,利用重启随机游走算法获取社交网络中的重要节点。提出重要节点信任传播算法建立重要节点和其他用户节点之间的信任关系,同时利用节点的结构信息进一步量化用户间的信任权重,以得到更精确的推荐结果。在三个公开数据集上的实验表明,结合重要节点信任传播的社会化推荐算法（INTP-Rec）丰富了社交信息,有效地提高了推荐算法的准确率和召回率。     

标签推荐方法研究综述

随着互联网信息的爆炸式增长,标签(由用户指定用来描述项目的关键词)在互联网信息检索领域中变得越来越重要.为在线内容赋予合适的标签,有利于更高效的内容组织和内容消费.而标签推荐通过辅助用户进行打标签的操作,极大地提升了标签的质量,标签推荐也因此受到了研究者们的广泛关注.总结出标签推荐任务的三大特性,即项目内容的多样性、标...     

Integrating ontology technology with folksonomies for personalized social tag recommendation

Social tagging systems leverage social interoperability by facilitating the searching, sharing, and exchanging of tagging resources. A major drawback of existing social tagging systems is that social tags are used as keywords in keyword-based search. They focus on keywords and human interpretability rather than on computer interpretable semantic knowledge. Therefore, social tags are useful for information sharing and organizing, but they lack the computer-interpretability needed to facilitate a personalized social tag recommendation. An interesting issue is how to automatically generate a personalized social tag recommendation list to users when a resource is accessed by users. The novel solution proposed in this study is a hybrid approach based on semantic tag-based resource profile and user preference to provide personalized social tag recommendation. Experiments show that the Precision and Recall of the proposed hybrid approach effectively improves the accuracy of social tag recommendation.     

A Review of Ontology‐Based Tag Recommendation Approaches

Tag recommender schemes suggest related tags for an untagged resource and better tag suggestions to tagged resources. Tagging is very important if the user identifies the tag that is more precise to use in searching interesting blogs. There is no clear information regarding the meaning of each tag in a tagging process. An user can use various tags for the same content, and he can also use new tags for an item in a blog. When the user selects tags, the resultant metadata may comprise homonyms and synonyms. This may cause an improper relationship among items and ineffective searches for topic information. The collaborative tag recommendation allows a set of freely selected text keywords as tags assigned by users. These tags are imprecise, irrelevant, and misleading because there is no control over the tag assignment. It does not follow any formal guidelines to assist tag generation, and tags are assigned to resources based on the knowledge of the users. This causes misspelled tags, multiple tags with the same meaning, bad word encoding, and personalized words without common meaning. This problem leads to miscategorization of items, irrelevant search results, wrong prediction, and their recommendations. Tag relevancy can be judged only by a specific user. These aspects could provide new challenges and opportunities to its tag recommendation problem. This paper reviews the challenges to meet the tag recommendation problem. A brief comparison between existing works is presented, which we can identify and point out the novel research directions. The overall performance of our ontology‐based recommender systems is favorably compared to other systems in the literature.     

一种基于子空间学习的图像标签推荐方法

Represented by Flickr and Picasa, online photo albums allow users to tag images, hoping to make it more convenient as well as efficient to organize and retrieve image resources. Recently, automatic tag recommendation system has become a hot research field considering the increasing request that high-quality tags be provided. In this thesis, a new method for tag recommendation system is proposed. Unlike the traditional one which only depends on frequency information or visual feature similarity while neglecting the relation between visual content and the semantic meaning contained in tags thus leading to unsatisfactory recommendations, the new method can find out a latent subspace shared by visual features and tag contents using matrix factorization. As for an untagged image, recommendations can be made when its visual features are projected into the latent subspace and the relevance level it has with others tags is figured out. This new method has been proved efficient after being tested on NUS-WIDE data set with more satisfactory results.     

Image tag recommendation based on friendships

The tagging systems have been studied by many researchers in the past decade. Tagging methods have been widely used on the web for searching and recommending images. Social tags are the keywords annotated by users to the images, which contains the information for searching and classifying the images. Tag recommendation system allows mitigating the individual preferences to annotate and recommender images. However, irrelevant and noise tags are frequently included in tags. In this paper, we propose image tag recommendation based on the friends’ relationships in social network (TRboFS) to recommender tags for a new image, both the tags assigned to the favorite images and the friendships of the users who upload the image are employed to predict the tags of the images. Empirical analyses on real datasets show that the proposed approach achieves superior performance to existing approaches.     

A framework for tag-aware recommender systems

In social tagging system, a user annotates a tag to an item. The tagging information is utilized in recommendation process. In this paper, we propose a hybrid item recommendation method to mitigate limitations of existing approaches and propose a recommendation framework for social tagging systems. The proposed framework consists of tag and item recommendations. Tag recommendation helps users annotate tags and enriches the dataset of a social tagging system. Item recommendation utilizes tags to recommend relevant items to users. We investigate association rule, bigram, tag expansion, and implicit trust relationship for providing tag and item recommendations on the framework. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid item recommendation method generates more appropriate items than existing research studies on a real-world social tagging dataset.     

Effective Tag Recommendation System Based on Topic Ontology Using Wikipedia and WordNet

In this paper, we proposed a novel approach based on topic ontology for tag recommendation. The proposed approach intelligently generates tag suggestions to blogs. In this approach, we construct topic ontology through enriching the set of categories in existing small ontology called as Open Directory Project. To construct topic ontology, a set of topics and their associated semantic relationships is identified automatically from the corpus‐based external knowledge resources such as Wikipedia and WordNet. The construction relies on two folds such as concept acquisition and semantic relation extraction. In the first fold, a topic‐mapping algorithm is developed to acquire the concepts from the semantic of Wikipedia. A semantic similarity‐clustering algorithm is used to compute the semantic similarity measure to group the set of similar concepts. The second is the semantic relation extraction algorithm, which derives associated semantic relations between the set of extracted topics from the lexical patterns between synsets in WordNet. A suitable software prototype is created to implement the topic ontology construction process. A Jena API framework is used to organize the set of extracted semantic concepts and their corresponding relationship in the form of knowledgeable representation of Web ontology language. Thus, Protégé tool provides the platform to visualize the automatically constructed topic ontology successfully. Using the constructed topic ontology, we can generate and suggest the most suitable tags for the new resource to users. The applicability of topic ontology with a spreading activation algorithm supports efficient recommendation in practice that can recommend the most popular tags for a specific resource. The spreading activation algorithm can assign the interest scores to the existing extracted blog content and tags. The weight of the tags is computed based on the activation score determined from the similarity between the topics in constructed topic ontology and content of the existing blogs. High‐quality tags that has the highest activation score is recommended to the users. Finally, we conducted experimental evaluation of our tag recommendation approach using a large set of real‐world data sets. Our experimental results explore and compare the capabilities of our proposed topic ontology with the spreading activation tag recommendation approach with respect to the existing AutoTag mechanism. And also discuss about the improvement in precision and recall of recommended tags on the data sets of Delicious and BibSonomy. The experiment shows that tag recommendation using topic ontology results in the folksonomy enrichment. Thus, we report the results of an experiment mean to improve the performance of the tag recommendation approach and its quality.     

基于RBLDA模型和交互关系的微博标签推荐算法

随着互联网技术的发展, 个性化标签推荐系统在海量信息或资源过滤中起着重要的角色. 在新浪微博平台中, 用户可以自主的给自己添加标签来表明自己的兴趣爱好. 同时, 用户也可以通过标签来搜索与自己兴趣爱好相似的用户. 针对新浪微博中大部分用户没有添加标签或添加标签数目较少的问题, 提出了一种基于RBLDA模型和交互关系的微博标签推荐算法, 它首先利用RBLDA模型来产生用户的初始标签列表, 然后再结合用户的交互关系而形成的交互图来预测用户标签的算法. 通过在新浪微博真实数据集上的实验发现, 该方案与传统的标签推荐算法相比, 取得了良好的实验效果.     

一种基于混合粒度的微博用户标签推荐模型

针对已有的标签推荐模型在实际微博场景运用中存在的多样性、相关性较差等不足,提出了一种基于混合粒度的标签推荐模型。将微博用户的可分析资源分解成由用户信息、标签和微博正文组成的混合粒度,在不同粒度上分别进行个人信息过滤及个性标签分析,从而计算用户标签的熵值与内联度和分类标注标签词汇,提取微博正文主题等,最终为用户推荐具有较强关联性的个性化标签。与一般LDA模型的对比实验证明,该模型可以有效解决新用户的冷启动、标签推荐的准确度等问题,同时保证了推荐的多样性。     

一种融合标签和知识图谱的推荐方法

随着信息的海量增长,推荐系统成为我们日常生活中一种重要的应用。传统的推荐系统根据用户和物品的交互行为进行推荐并利用用户对物品的评分来体现用户的喜好,但是数据的稀疏性会影响推荐结果的准确度,并且简单地评分数字也难以体现用户偏好的主观性以及用户选择的可解释性。因此,该文提出了一种融合标签和知识图谱的推荐方法,其中标签是一种文本信息,其包含的丰富内容和潜在的语义信息可以体现用户对物品的主观评价,对推荐起着关键作用。而知识图谱作为一种有效的推荐辅助技术,其包含的大量实体能为物品提供更多有效的特征信息。此外,该文还提出了一种融合注意力和自注意力的混合注意力模型,通过标签和实体为物品特征分配混合注意力权重,从而提高了推荐性能。实验结果表明,在MovieLens和Last.FM数据集上,该模型的推荐性能较其他推荐算法有所提升。     

Swallow: Resource and Tag Recommender System Based on Heat Diffusion Algorithm in Social Annotation Systems

Social annotation systems (SAS) allow users to annotate different online resources with keywords (tags). These systems help users in finding, organizing, and retrieving online resources to significantly provide collaborative semantic data to be potentially applied by recommender systems. Previous studies on SAS had been worked on tag recommendation. Recently, SAS‐based resource recommendation has received more attention by scholars. In the most of such systems, with respect to annotated tags, searched resources are recommended to user, and their recent behavior and click‐through is not taken into account. In the current study, to be able to design and implement a more precise recommender system, because of previous users' tagging data and users' current click‐through, it was attempted to work on the both resource (such as web pages, research papers, etc.) and tag recommendation problem. Moreover, by applying heat diffusion algorithm during the recommendation process, more diverse options would present to the user. After extracting data, such as users, tags, resources, and relations between them, the recommender system so called “Swallow” creates a graph‐based pattern from system log files. Eventually, following the active user path and observing heat conduction on the created pattern, user further goals are anticipated and recommended to him. Test results on SAS data set demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has improved the accuracy of former recommendation algorithms.     

Topic-based ranking in Folksonomy via probabilistic model

Social tagging is an increasingly popular way to describe and classify documents on the web. However, the quality of the tags varies considerably since the tags are authored freely. How to rate the tags becomes an important issue. Most social tagging systems order tags just according to the input sequence with little information about the importance and relevance. This limits the applications of tags such as information search, tag recommendation, and so on. In this paper, we pay attention to finding the authority score of tags in the whole tag space conditional on topics and put forward a topic-sensitive tag ranking (TSTR) approach to rank tags automatically according to their topic relevance. We first extract topics from folksonomy using a probabilistic model, and then construct a transition probability graph. Finally, we perform random walk over the topic level on the graph to get topic rank scores of tags. Experimental results show that the proposed tag ranking method is both effective and efficient. We also apply tag ranking into tag recommendation, which demonstrates that the proposed tag ranking approach really boosts the performances of social-tagging related applications.     

Tag recommendation by machine learning with textual and social features

Tags are very popular in social media (like Youtube, Flickr) and provide valuable and crucial information for social media. But at the same time, there exist a great number of noisy tags, which lead to many studies on tag suggestion and recommendation for items including websites, photos, books, movies, and so on. The textual features of tags, likes tag frequency, have mostly been used in extracting tags that are related to items. In this paper, we address the problem of tag recommendation for social media users. This issue is as important as the tag recommendation for items, because the tags representing users are strongly related to the users’ favorite topics. We propose several novel features of tags for machine learning that we call social features as well as textual features. The experimental results of Flickr show that our proposed scheme achieves viable performance on tag recommendation for users.     

基于多阈连续条件随机场的标签推荐

标签推荐系统的推荐结果质量不高, 会影响和误导用户对资源的查找与定位, 甚至引发信息迷航的现象。为了提高推荐结果的准确度和覆盖度, 提出的多阈连续条件随机场模型, 不仅保持了条件随机场无须对数据作独立性假设且能避免标注偏执问题的优势, 同时还使用标签间共现率、语义相似度和用户相似度三重阈提取特征, 一并挖掘出显性和隐性标签, 充分结合用户差异性, 通过最大似然估计法迭代计算模型参数, 建立模型来推荐标签。在BibSonomy数据集上测试表明该方法可行, 实验效果与基于连续条件随机场模型、最大熵模型方法对比显示了本模型推荐的标签更精准、更全面; 本模型在标签推荐中表现出了良好的稳定性。     

Interactive resource recommendation algorithm based on tag information

With the popularization of social media and the exponential growth of information generated by online users, the recommender system has been popular in helping users to find the desired resources from vast amounts of data. However, the cold-start problem is one of the major challenges for personalized recommendation. In this work, we utilized the tag information associated with different resources, and proposed a tag-based interactive framework to make the resource recommendation for different users. During the interaction, the most effective tag information will be selected for users to choose, and the approach considers the users’ feedback to dynamically adjusts the recommended candidates during the recommendation process. Furthermore, to effectively explore the user preference and resource characteristics, we analyzed the tag information of different resources to represent the user and resource features, considering the users’ personal operations and time factor, based on which we can identify the similar users and resource items. Probabilistic matrix factorization is employed in our work to overcome the rating sparsity, which is enhanced by embedding the similar user and resource information. The experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can get more accurate predictions and higher recommendation efficiency.     

Content-based and collaborative techniques for tag recommendation: an empirical evaluation

The rapid growth of the so-called Web 2.0 has changed the surfers’ behavior. A new democratic vision emerged, in which users can actively contribute to the evolution of the Web by producing new content or enriching the existing one with user generated metadata. In this context the use of tags, keywords freely chosen by users for describing and organizing resources, spread as a model for browsing and retrieving web contents. The success of that collaborative model is justified by two factors: firstly, information is organized in a way that closely reflects the users’ mental model; secondly, the absence of a controlled vocabulary reduces the users’ learning curve and allows the use of evolving vocabularies. Since tags are handled in a purely syntactical way, annotations provided by users generate a very sparse and noisy tag space that limits the effectiveness for complex tasks. Consequently, tag recommenders, with their ability of providing users with the most suitable tags for the resources to be annotated, recently emerged as a way of speeding up the process of tag convergence. The contribution of this work is a tag recommender system implementing both a collaborative and a content-based recommendation technique. The former exploits the user and community tagging behavior for producing recommendations, while the latter exploits some heuristics to extract tags directly from the textual content of resources. Results of experiments carried out on a dataset gathered from Bibsonomy show that hybrid recommendation strategies can outperform single ones and the way of combining them matters for obtaining more accurate results.