基于MDA技术的软件过程改进研究

模型驱动架构(MDA)是OMG提出的基于模型驱动(MD)思想的新的方法学。文中在分析和总结中小型软件企业运用MDA技术进行软件开发的基础上,结合软件过程改进的实践经验,提出了基于MDA技术的中小型软件企业过程改进模型。该模型为中小型企业采用MDA技术进行软件开发提出了相应的过程改进模型。企业还可以根据自身的情况对该模型进行裁剪,以便使该模型更加贴近企业的需要。     

基于MDA的软件开发方法研究

模型驱动架构（Mode Driven Architecture）是对象管理组织（OMG）提出的一个新的软件开发框架。它改变了传统的软件开发方式，以模型的建立来驱动软件开发的整个过程。在这个框架下软件产品的代码将由机器自动映射生成，从而更加凸现了开发过程中分析与设计的重要性。可以说MDA的提出对整个软件行业来说是具有革命性意义的。本文介绍了MDA的基本概念和基本框架并对其核心技术进行了研究。     

基于TSP的软件质量控制平台设计与实现

随着社会发展，竞争日益激烈。软件企业纷纷尝试各种途径以增强自身竞争力。小组软件过程（TSP）为一般中小型软件企业规范软件开发和改进过程能力提供了有效而实际的帮助，如何有效地管理一个TSP项目尚待研究。通过对小组软件过程的分析，设计并实现了过程脚本驱动的、基于TSP的软件质量控制平台。允许用户对过程脚本进行裁剪，实现了小组协作开发质量控制的自动化。     

基于MDA的联邦开发和执行过程研究

模型驱动体系架构（MDA）是对象管理组织（OMG）2001年7月提出的先进的软件开发方法学,对开发基于HLA的仿真联邦具有很好的借鉴作用;在系统地总结了MDA系统开发原理的基础上,归纳了MDA系统开发的技术优势;将MDA应用于基于HLA仿真系统的开发,初步探讨了基于MDA的联邦开发和执行过程,并描述了该过程模型的顶层视图。     

一种目标与信息共同驱动的度量模型

目前采用CMMI模型进行过程改进的企业，尤其是中小型企业在实施度量时盲目选择度量元，缺少合适度量过程框架的指导。针对上述问题，结合现有的GQM度量模型及其改进模型,以及PSM实用软件度量模型的特点,提出了一种支持软件过程改进的目标和信息共同驱动的度量模型（GI2M-D）,给出了基于GI2M-D度量模型的软件度量过程框架。该框架使度量人员选取度量元时更有针对性和目的性,为决策者和软件过程改进者，特别是采用CMMI模型的企业在实施度量时提供有效的支持和指导。     

基于ASL的模型驱动架构测试方法

针对模型驱动架构（MDA）下的软件开发方法中测试启动比较晚、难以发现隐藏在模型中的缺陷及UML模型描述缺乏精确语义等问题,提出了基于ASL的模型测试方法：从UML模型出发,将动作规约语言（ASL）运用于平台无关模型（PIM）上建立测试模型。给出了ASL语句在MDA过程中的工作原理、平台无关模型的建立过程、测试用例建立的步骤、测试执行的实施过程,最后结合实例,在UML图的基础上运用ASL对测试环境进行构建,并创建了系统的测试用例,对模型及业务逻辑进行了测试。实验结果表明,提出的基于ASL的模型测试方法既能利用模型驱动对复杂的测试用例进行简化和抽象,又能在软件生存期早期揭示软件的缺陷,防止缺陷随着软件开发过程的进行而被放大。     

基于MDA的HLA仿真系统开发研究

模型驱动架构（MDA）是先进的软件开发方法学。对开发HLA仿真系统具有很好的借鉴作用。在系统地总结了MDA系统开发原理的基础上，归纳了MDA系统开发的技术优势。将MDA应用于HLA仿真系统的开发，初步探讨了基于MDA的HLA仿真系统开发过程，并描述了该过程的顶层视图。     

基于CMM的中小软件企业过程改进实施方案研究

随着软件工程化进程的推进,各种过程改进模型和方法层出不穷。针对如何将软件能力成熟度模型CMM与我国中小型软件组织相融合这一问题,对CMM中的各关键实践进行了裁剪和重定位。结合软件开发的迭代增量模型,将软件开发过程分为先启阶段、精化阶段、构造阶段和产品提交等阶段,并将需求管理、项目规划管理和项目监控等管理活动与软件开发过程相结合,提出了一种基于CMM模型的适合国内中小型企业的过程改进方案,实践证明了此方案的可行性及经济性。     

MDA的设想与实现

模型驱动体系结构(MDA)提出了一种利用模型进行软件开发的方法，它将模型作为软件开发过程的关键，MDA的基本思想是将模型区分为平台独立模型(platform independent model)和平台相关模型(platform specific model)，通过不同抽象层次模型之间的转换完成软件开发过程。介绍了MDA的设想，包括MDA的基本概念，基于MDA的开发过程，讨论了实现MDA所涉及的几个重要问题。     

从EDOC的业务过程建模到J2EE应用程序框架的MDA转换

OMG（Object Management Group，对象管理组织）提出的模型驱动架构（MDA，Model Driven Architecture）是解决不同中间件平台之间的集成以及技术升级所引起的问题的软件开发方法。MDA的基本思想是将系统的模型作为软件开发过程的核心制品，并且将模型区分为描述系统业务功能的平台独立模型（PIM，Platform Independent Model）和描述系统在特定技术平台上实现细节的平台相关模型（PSM，Platform Specific Model）。模型转换是MDA开发的核心内客。MDA的开发效率依赖于良好的支撑工具，特别是支持模型转换的工具的涌现。本文介绍一种对业务过程建模并将模型转换成程序代码的设计恩想和实现方法。开发者可以用该工具对企业的业务过程建模。这个工具能将建立的模型自动转换成J2EE平台上的程序代码。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate