眼动跟踪研究进展与展望

眼动跟踪是指自动检测瞳孔中心位置或者识别三维视线方向及注视点的过程, 被广泛应用于人机交互、智能驾驶、人因工程等. 由于不同场景下的光照变化、个体眼球生理构造差异、遮挡、头部姿态多样等原因, 眼动跟踪的研究目前仍然是一个具有挑战性的热点问题. 针对眼动跟踪领域,首先概述眼动跟踪研究内容, 然后分别论述近年来瞳孔中心检测及视线估计领域的国内外研究进展, 综述目前眼动跟踪主要数据集、评价指标及研究成果, 接着介绍眼动跟踪在人机交互、智能驾驶等领域的应用, 最后对眼动跟踪领域的未来发展趋势进行展望.     

基于特征的视线跟踪方法研究综述

针对基于特征的视线跟踪方法进行了综述.首先对视线跟踪技术的发展、相关研究工作和研究现状进行了阐述; 然后将基于特征的视线跟踪方法分成了两大类:二维视线跟踪方法和三维视线跟踪方法, 从硬件系统配置、误差主要来源、头部运动影响、优缺点等多个方面重点分析了这两类视线跟踪方法, 对近五年现有的部分基于特征的视线跟踪方法进行了对比分析, 并对二维视线跟踪系统和三维视线跟踪系统中的几个关键问题进行了探讨; 此外, 介绍了视线跟踪技术在人机交互、医学、军事、智能交通等多个领域的应用; 最后对基于特征的视线跟踪方法的发展趋势和研究热点进行了总结与展望.     

基于3D人眼模型的视线跟踪技术综述

针对基于3D人眼模型的视线跟踪技术进行了综述.首先对视线跟踪技术及其常见应用进行了概述;然后简单阐述了现有视线跟踪方法及其分类;重点分析基于3D人眼模型的视线跟踪方法,并根据硬件配置的不同,将基于3D人眼模型的方法分为单摄像头无光源、单摄像头单光源、单摄像头多光源、多摄像头多红外光源及基于RGB-D摄像机5类进行概述,对比分析了现有的基于3D人眼模型的视线跟踪技术;最后对基于3D人眼模型的视线跟踪技术的难点及发展趋势进行了简单的分析与总结.     

视线追踪系统中注视点估计方法研究

在回顾视线追踪技术发展历程的基础上,对该技术的研究方向和几种主要的视线跟踪方法进行了简单阐述。重点介绍了基于瞳孔-角膜反射法的视线追踪技术的原理及其硬件组成,尤其对现有视线跟踪系统中比较成熟的注视点估计算法进行了归纳总结和原理剖析。对二维和三维的注视点估计算法的精度和用户自由度进行了进一步的横向比较。最后指出了视线追踪技术存在的缺陷,并对其在人机交互、智能机器、虚拟现实等领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

眼动仪与视线跟踪技术综述

文章在回顾视线跟踪技术的研究历程基础上,定义了视线跟踪的基本概念和参数。分析了六种主要视线跟踪技术原理,比较了每种技术的优、缺点。介绍了眼动仪硬件设备的研制和发展状况,对比了几种主要的眼动仪性能。最后,探讨了视线跟踪数据的处理软件和方法,并对视线跟踪技术的应用前景进行总结和展望。     

基于眼球重建异面直线模型的双目视线跟踪算法

计算机视觉是通过图像处理的方法来模拟人眼视觉的技术,随着人机交互式应用更加广泛,现有的计算机视觉技术更侧重于视线方向性研究,因此引出了视线跟踪定位的问题。三维重建技术作为视线跟踪定位的基础,其重要性不言而喻。本文结合了明暗法三维重建与透视投影模型,提出了基于透视投影模型的改进型三维重建法,重建出眼球模型,解决了明暗法非唯一解问题;同时,简化了深度信息获取,提出了基于头动补偿的异面直线模型,它无需计算深度信息,直接通过建模求解与补偿机制,快速得到视线落点位置,减少了设备复杂性并提高了算法的精度。因此,基于眼球重建异面直线模型的双目视线跟踪算法是计算机视觉跟踪方法的一种创新,为人机交互应用提供了新的思路。     

基于头部姿态分析的摄像头视线追踪系统优化

实时视线跟踪技术是智能眼动操作系统的关键技术。与基于眼动仪的技术相比,基于网络摄像头的技术具有低成本、高通用性等优点。针对现有的基于摄像头的算法只考虑眼部图像特征、准确度较低的问题,提出引入头部姿态分析的视线追踪算法优化技术。首先,通过人脸特征点检测结果构建头部姿态特征,为标定数据提供头部姿态上下文;然后,研究了新的相似度算法,计算头部姿态上下文的相似度;最后,在进行视线追踪时,利用头部姿态相似度对校准数据进行过滤,从标定数据集中选取与当前输入帧头部姿态相似度较高的数据进行预测。在选取不同特征人群的数据上进行了大量实验,对比实验结果显示,与WebGazer相比,所提算法的平均误差降低了58~63 px。所提算法能有效提高追踪结果的准确性和稳定性,拓展了摄像头设备在视线追踪领域的应用场景。     

基于头部姿态分析的摄像头视线追踪系统优化

实时视线跟踪技术是智能眼动操作系统的关键技术。与基于眼动仪的技术相比，基于网络摄像头的技术具有低成本、高通用性等优点。针对现有的基于摄像头的算法只考虑眼部图像特征、准确度较低的问题，提出引入头部姿态分析的视线追踪算法优化技术。首先，通过人脸特征点检测结果构建头部姿态特征，为标定数据提供头部姿态上下文；然后，研究了新的相似度算法，计算头部姿态上下文的相似度；最后，在进行视线追踪时，利用头部姿态相似度对校准数据进行过滤，从标定数据集中选取与当前输入帧头部姿态相似度较高的数据进行预测。在选取不同特征人群的数据上进行了大量实验，对比实验结果显示，与WebGazer相比，所提算法的平均误差降低了58~63 px。所提算法能有效提高追踪结果的准确性和稳定性，拓展了摄像头设备在视线追踪领域的应用场景。     

基于颜色识别的手指多点跟踪人机交互系统

基于英特尔凌动处理器的嵌入式平台和Windows操作系统,以OpenCV2.0库为图形识别处理基础,运用颜色识别、肤色识别、手指动作识别等非接触式实现跟踪技术,构建了一个基于手指动作识别的多点人机交互系统。该系统能够跟踪双手共四个手指的动作,实现图片的多点"触控"、画图、PDF文件浏览功能。     

桌面虚拟装配系统中眼动跟踪技术的应用

人机交互是虚拟装配的本质特性和技术瓶颈,本文分析了中虚拟装配中的眼动特征,提出了基于空间和情景的眼动模式;将眼动跟踪与直接操作相结合,研究了眼动跟踪技术在桌面虚拟装配系统中的应用。     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

法律信息库系统

本文分析了法律数据库的结构和特点，介绍了采用面向对象设计方法和超文本数据库技术开发和实现法律信息库系统将作为重要网络资源之一为不同用户进行法律咨询服务。     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

International Journal of Automation and Computing Table of Contents

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Information for authors

正SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences(Sci China Inf Sci),cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press,is committed to publishing highquality,original results of both basic and applied research in all areas of information sciences,including computer science and technology;systems science,control science and engineering(published in Issues with odd numbers);information and communication engineering;electronic science and technology(published in Issues with even numbers).Sci China Inf Sci is published monthly in both print and electronic forms.It is indexed by Academic OneFile,Astrophysics Data System(ADS),CSA,Cabells,Current Contents/Engineering,Computing and Technology,DBLP,Digital Mathematics Registry,Earthquake Engineering Abstracts,Engineering Index,Engineered Materials Abstracts,Gale,Google,INSPEC,Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition,Mathematical Reviews,OCLC,ProQuest,SCOPUS,Science Citation Index Expanded,Summon by Serial Solutions,VINITI,Zentralblatt MATH.     

Erratum to: Fast global kernel fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm for consonant/vowel segmentation of speech signal

正Erratum to:J Zhejiang Univ-Sci C(ComputElectron)2014 15(7):551-563doi:10.1631/jzus.C1300320The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes.Algorithm 6 should be as follows:Algorithm 6 FGKFCM-F clustering Input:(1)X={x_1,x_2,…,x_N},,x_iR~d,i=1,2,…,N,the dataset;(2)C,1C≤N,the number of clusters;(3)ε0,the stopping criterion;     

Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE C (Computers & Electronics) Total contents

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A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.