基于混合深度学习的多类型低速率DDoS攻击检测方法

低速率分布式拒绝服务攻击针对网络协议自适应机制中的漏洞实施攻击,对网络服务质量造成了巨大威胁,具有隐蔽性强、攻击速率低和周期性的特点.现有检测方法存在检测类型单一和识别精度低的问题,因此提出了一种基于混合深度学习的多类型低速率DDoS攻击检测方法.模拟不同类型的低速率DDoS攻击和5G环境下不同场景的正常流量,在网络入...     

一种IPv6环境下DDoS实时检测方法

DDoS攻击是当今网络包括下一代网络IPv6中最严重的威胁之一,提出一种基于流量自相似的IPv6的实时检测方法。分别采用改进的WinPcap实现流数据的实时捕获和监测,和将Whittle ML方法首次应用于DDoS攻击检测。针对Hurst估值方法的选择和引入DDoS攻击流的网络进行对比仿真实验,结果表明:Hurst估值相对误差,Whittle ML方法比小波变换减少0.07%;检测到攻击的误差只有0.042%,准确性达99.6%;增强了DDoS攻击检测的成功率和敏感度。     

Robust and efficient detection of DDoS attacks for large-scale internet

In recent years, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks have become a major security threat to Internet services. How to detect and defend against DDoS attacks is currently a hot topic in both industry and academia. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to robustly and efficiently detect DDoS attacks and identify attack packets. The key idea of our framework is to exploit spatial and temporal correlation of DDoS attack traffic. In this framework, we design a perimeter-based anti-DDoS system, in which traffic is analyzed only at the edge routers of an internet service provider (ISP) network. Our framework is able to detect any source-address-spoofed DDoS attack, no matter whether it is a low-volume attack or a high-volume attack. The novelties of our framework are (1) temporal-correlation based feature extraction and (2) spatial-correlation based detection. With these techniques, our scheme can accurately detect DDoS attacks and identify attack packets without modifying existing IP forwarding mechanisms at routers. Our simulation results show that the proposed framework can detect DDoS attacks even if the volume of attack traffic on each link is extremely small. Especially, for the same false alarm probability, our scheme has a detection probability of 0.97, while the existing scheme has a detection probability of 0.17, which demonstrates the superior performance of our scheme.     

DDoS攻击的全局异常相关检测方法

骨干网中存在的DDoS攻击,由于背景流量巨大,且分布式指向受害者的多个攻击流尚未汇聚,因此难以进行有效的检测。为了解决该问题,提出一种基于全局流量异常相关分析的检测方法。根据攻击流引起流量之间相关性的变化,采用主成分分析提取多条流量中潜在异常部分之间的相关性,并将相关性变化程度作为攻击检测测度。实验结果证明了该测度的可用性,能够克服骨干网中DDoS攻击流幅值相对低且不易检测的困难,同现有的全局流量检测方法相比,所提出的方法能够取得更高的检测率。     

基于快速分数阶傅氏变换的DDoS攻击检测

针对传统检测方法存在精度低、训练复杂度高、适应性差的问题,提出了基于快速分数阶Fourier变换估计Hurst指数的DDoS攻击检测方法。利用DDoS攻击对网络流量自相似性的影响,通过监测Hurst指数变化阈值判断是否存在DDoS攻击。在DARPA2000数据集和不同强度TFN2K攻击流量数据集上进行了DDoS攻击检测实验,实验结果表明,基于FFrFT的DDoS攻击检测方法有效,相比于常用的小波方法,该方法计算复杂度低,实现简单,Hurst指数估计精度更高,能够检测强度较弱的DDoS攻击,可有效降低漏报、误报率。     

一种基于小波分析的DDoS攻击检测方法

通过对网络流量的分形特性和分布式拒绝服务（DDoS）的特点进行研究,提出了一种基于小波分析的DDoS攻击检测方法,并设计了该方法检测攻击的模型。对网络流量的分形特性进行判断,然后对具有自相似特性和多重分形特性的网络流量,分别采用基于小波分析的Hurst指数方差法和基于多窗口小波分析的Holder指数法检测DDoS攻击。通过对DARPA 2000年数据的实验表明,该方法能够有效地检测到攻击,对大流量背景攻击、低速率攻击、反射式攻击也都达到了较高的检测率,比传统方法有效。     

Deciding optimal entropic thresholds to calibrate the detection mechanism for variable rate DDoS attacks in ISP domain: honeypot based approach

High bandwidth DDoS attacks consume more resources and have direct impact at ISP level in contrast to low rate DDoS attacks which lead to graceful degradation of network and are mostly undetectable. Although an array of detection schemes have been proposed, current requirement is a real time DDoS detection mechanism that adapts itself to varying network conditions to give minimum false alarms. DDoS attacks that disturb the distribution of traffic features in ISP domain are reflected by entropic variations on in stream samples. We propose honeypot detection for attack traffic having statistically similar distribution features as legitimate traffic. Next we propose to calibrate the detection mechanism for minimum false alarm rate by varying tolerance factor in real time. Simulations are carried out in ns-2 at different attack strengths. We also report our experimental results over MIT Lincoln lab dataset and its subset KDD 99 dataset. Results show that the proposed approach is comparable to previously reported approaches with an advantage of variable rate attack detection with minimum false positives and negatives.     

应用层DDOS攻击检测技术研究

随着检测底层DDoS攻击的技术不断成熟和完善,应用层DDoS攻击越来越多。由于应用层协议的复杂性,应用层DDoS攻击更具隐蔽性和破坏性,检测难度更大。通过研究正常用户访问的网络流量特征和应用层DDoS攻击的流量特征,采用固定时间窗口内的请求时间间隔以及页面作为特征。通过正常用户和僵尸程序访问表现出不同的特点,对会话进行聚类分析,从而检测出攻击,经过实验,表明本检测算法具有较好的检测性能。     

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) detection by traffic pattern analysis

In this paper, we propose a behavior-based detection that can discriminate Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack traffic from legitimated traffic regardless to various types of the attack packets and methods. Current DDoS attacks are carried out by attack tools, worms and botnets using different packet-transmission rates and packet forms to beat defense systems. These various attack strategies lead to defense systems requiring various detection methods in order to identify the attacks. Moreover, DDoS attacks can craft the traffics like flash crowd events and fly under the radar through the victim. We notice that DDoS attacks have features of repeatable patterns which are different from legitimate flash crowd traffics. In this paper, we propose a comparable detection methods based on the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Our methods can extract the repeatable features from the packet arrivals in the DDoS traffics but not in flash crowd traffics. The extensive simulations were tested for the optimization of the detection methods. We then performed experiments with several datasets and our results affirm that the proposed methods can differentiate DDoS attacks from legitimate traffics.     

基于流量行为特征的DoS&DDoS攻击检测与异常流识别

针对现有方法仅分析粗粒度的网络流量特征参数,无法在保证检测实时性的前提下识别出拒绝服务(DoS)和分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)的攻击流这一问题,提出一种骨干网络DoS&DDoS攻击检测与异常流识别方法。首先,通过粗粒度的流量行为特征参数确定流量异常行为发生的时间点;然后,在每个流量异常行为发生的时间点对细粒度的流量行为特征参数进行分析,以找出异常行为对应的目的IP地址;最后,提取出与异常行为相关的流量进行综合分析,以判断异常行为是否为DoS攻击或者DDoS攻击。仿真实验的结果表明,基于流量行为特征的DoS&DDoS攻击检测与异常流识别方法能有效检测出骨干网络中的DoS攻击和DDoS攻击,并且在保证检测实时性的同时,准确地识别出与攻击相关的网络流量     

基于集成学习的多类型应用层DDoS攻击检测方法

针对应用层分布式拒绝服务（DDoS）攻击类型多、难以同时检测的问题,提出了一种基于集成学习的应用层DDoS攻击检测方法,用于检测多类型的应用层DDoS攻击。首先,数据集生成模块模拟正常和攻击流量,筛选并提取对应的特征信息,并生成表征挑战黑洞（CC）、HTTP Flood、HTTP Post及HTTP Get攻击的47维特征信息;其次,离线训练模块将处理后的有效特征信息输入集成后的Stacking检测模型进行训练,从而得到可检测多类型应用层DDoS攻击的检测模型;最后,在线检测模块通过在线部署检测模型来判断待检测流量的具体流量类型。实验结果显示,与Bagging、Adaboost和XGBoost构建的分类模型相比,Stacking集成模型在准确率方面分别提高了0.18个百分点、0.21个百分点和0.19个百分点,且在最优时间窗口下的恶意流量检测率达到了98%。验证了所提方法对多类型应用层DDoS攻击检测的有效性。     

SDN环境中基于交叉熵的分阶段DDoS攻击检测与识别

针对软件定义网络易遭受DDoS攻击、监控负荷重等问题,提出一种分阶段多层次、基于交叉熵的DDoS攻击识别模型。采用监控SDN交换机CPU使用率的初检方法预判异常状态;引入交叉熵理论对异常交换机的目的IP交叉熵和PACKET_IN数据包联合检测,对正常与异常流量的特征分布相似性进行定量分析;通过选取的基于交叉熵的特征对流量进行检测识别。实验表明,在使用Mininet模拟SDN网络环境中,该检测方法可高效定位出异常网络设备,减轻了常态化监控时的设备负荷,同时相比信息熵检测方法及其他方法,拥有更高的灵敏度,降低了DDOS检测中的漏报率和误报率。     

网络DDoS攻击流的小波分析与检测

将小波分析中的小波变换模极大方法用于检测分布式拒绝服务攻击引起的突发流量。在探讨如何运用小波模极大对突发流量进行判定的基础上,设计了一个检测突发攻击流量的方法,并对实际采集到的网络流量和仿真攻击流量的混合流作了计算机模拟验证。结果表明,当攻击流的突变幅度为正常流量的2倍￣3倍时,检测漏判率不超过5%;当攻击流的突变幅度提升为正常流量均值的3倍￣5倍时,检测漏判率不超过1%。攻击越强,检测漏判率越小。     

An autonomous defense against SYN flooding attacks: Detect and throttle attacks at the victim side independently

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks seriously threaten Internet services yet there is currently no defence against such attacks that provides both early detection, allowing time for counteraction, and an accurate response. Traditional detection methods rely on passively sniffing an attacking signature and are inaccurate in the early stages of an attack. Current counteractions such as traffic filter or rate-limit methods do not accurately distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate traffic and are difficult to deploy. This work seeks to provide a method that detects SYN flooding attacks in a timely fashion and that responds accurately and independently on the victim side. We use the knowledge of network traffic delay distribution and apply an active probing technique (DARB) to identify half-open connections that, suspiciously, may not arise from normal network congestion. This method is suitable for large network areas and is capable of handling bursts of traffic flowing into a victim server. Accurate filtering is ensured by a counteraction method using IP address and time-to-live(TTL) fields. Simulation results show that our active detection method can detect SYN flooding attacks accurately and promptly and that the proposed rate-limit counteraction scheme can efficiently minimize the damage caused by DDoS attacks and guarantee constant services to legitimate users.     

基于软件定义物联网的分布式拒绝服务攻击检测方法

由于物联网（IoT）设备众多、分布广泛且所处环境复杂,相较于传统网络更容易遭受分布式拒绝服务（DDoS）攻击,针对这一问题提出了一种在软件定义物联网（SD-IoT）架构下基于均分取值区间长度-K均值（ELVR-Kmeans）算法的DDoS攻击检测方法。首先,利用SD-IoT控制器的集中控制特性通过获取OpenFlow交换机的流表,分析SD-IoT环境下DDoS攻击流量的特性,提取出与DDoS攻击相关的七元组特征;然后,使用ELVR-Kmeans算法对所获取的流表进行分类,以检测是否有DDoS攻击发生;最后,搭建仿真实验环境,对该方法的检测率、准确率和错误率进行测试。实验结果表明,该方法能够较好地检测SD-IoT环境中的DDoS攻击,检测率和准确率分别达到96.43%和98.71%,错误率为1.29%。     

Network traffic fusion and analysis against DDoS flooding attacks with a novel reversible sketch

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) flooding attacks are one of the typical attacks over the Internet. They aim to prevent normal users from accessing specific network resources. How to detect DDoS flooding attacks arises a significant and timely research topic. However, with the continuous increase of network scale, the continuous growth of network traffic brings great challenges to the detection of DDoS flooding attacks. Incomplete network traffic collection or non-real-time processing of big-volume network traffic will seriously affect the accuracy and efficiency of attack detection. Recently, sketch data structures are widely applied in high-speed networks to compress and fuse network traffic. But sketches suffer from a reversibility problem that it is difficult to reconstruct a set of keys that exhibit abnormal behavior due to the irreversibility of hash functions. In order to address the above challenges, in this paper, we first design a novel Chinese Remainder Theorem based Reversible Sketch (CRT-RS). CRT-RS is not only capable of compressing and fusing big-volume network traffic but also has the ability of reversely discovering the anomalous keys (e.g., the sources of malicious or unwanted traffic). Then, based on traffic records generated by CRT-RS, we propose a Modified Multi-chart Cumulative Sum (MM-CUSUM) algorithm that supports self-adaptive and protocol independent detection to detect DDoS flooding attacks. The performance of the proposed detection method is experimentally examined by two open source datasets. The experimental results show that the method can detect DDoS flooding attacks with efficiency, accuracy, adaptability, and protocol independability. Moreover, by comparing with other attack detection methods using sketch techniques, our method has quantifiable lower computation complexity when recovering the anomalous source addresses, which is the most important merit of the developed method.     

RMCARTAM For DDoS Attack Mitigation in SDN Using Machine Learning

The impact of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack on Software Defined Networks (SDN) is briefly analyzed. Many approaches to detecting DDoS attacks exist, varying on the feature being considered and the method used. Still, the methods have a deficiency in the performance of detecting DDoS attacks and mitigating them. To improve the performance of SDN, an efficient Real-time Multi-Constrained Adaptive Replication and Traffic Approximation Model (RMCARTAM) is sketched in this article. The RMCARTAM considers different parameters or constraints in running different controllers responsible for handling incoming packets. The model is designed with multiple controllers to handle network traffic but can turn the controllers according to requirements. The multi-constraint adaptive replication model monitors different features of network traffic like rate of packet reception, class-based packet reception and target-specific reception. According to these features, the method estimates the Replication Turning Weight (RTW) based on which triggering controllers are performed. Similarly, the method applies Traffic Approximation (TA) in the detection of DDoS attacks. The detection of a DDoS attack is performed by approximating the incoming traffic to any service and using various features like hop count, payload, service frequency, and malformed frequency to compute various support measures on bandwidth access, data support, frequency support, malformed support, route support, and so on. Using all these support measures, the method computes the value of legitimate weight to conclude the behavior of any source in identifying the malicious node. Identified node details are used in the mitigation of DDoS attacks. The method stimulates the network performance by reducing the power factor by switching the controller according to different factors, which also reduces the cost. In the same way, the proposed model improves the accuracy of detecting DDoS attacks by estimating the features of incoming traffic in different corners.     

基于SDN的DDoS攻击防御系统

软件定义网络（SDN）是一种新兴网络架构,通过将转发层和控制层分离,实现网络的集中管控。控制器作为SDN网络的核心,容易成为被攻击的目标,分布式拒绝服务（DDoS）攻击是SDN网络面临的最具威胁的攻击之一。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于机器学习的DDoS攻击检测模型。首先基于信息熵监控交换机端口流量来判断是否存在异常流量,检测到异常后提取流量特征,使用SVM+K-Means的复合算法检测DDoS攻击,最后控制器下发丢弃流表处理攻击流量。实验结果表明,本文算法在误报率、检测率和准确率指标上均优于SVM算法和K-Means算法。     

基于全局网络PCA的DDoS攻击检测方法

随着网络规模的不断扩充,对于DDoS攻击的集中式检测方法已经无法满足实时性和准确性等要求。针对大规模网络中的DDoS攻击行为,提出了一种基于全局PCA的分布式拒绝服务攻击检测方法(WPCAD)。该方法由传统的OD矩阵得出各节点的ODin矩阵,各分布式处理单元通过PCA分析到达该节点的多路OD流之间的相关性,利用DDoS攻击流引起流量之间相关性突变的特性来完成检测。该方法采用分布式处理的方式,降低了检测数据所消耗的带宽,并满足了检测的实时性。实验结果表明该方法具有更好的检测效果。     

融合规则的条件随机场DDoS攻击检测方法

基于流量突发性、源IP地址的分散性、流非对称性等单一手段进行DDoS攻击检测,存在准确率低,虚警率高等问题。利用条件随机场不要求严格独立性假设与综合多特征能力的优点,提出了基于CRF模型融合特征规则集实现对DDoS攻击的检测方法,采用单边连接密度OWCD、IP包五元组熵IPE组成多维特征向量,仿真结果表明,在DARPA2000数据集下,检测准确率达99.82%、虚警率低于0.6%,且在强背景噪声干扰下无明显恶化。