格点量子色动力学Grid数值模拟软件的并行计算特征分析

格点量子色动力学(QCD)是从第一原理出发求解QCD的非微扰方法, 通过在超立方格子上模拟胶子场和费米子场相互作用, 其计算结果被认为是对强相互作用现象的可靠描述, 格点计算对QCD理论研究意义重大. 但是, 格点QCD计算具有非常大的计算自由度导致计算效率难以提升, 通常对格子体系采用区域分解的方法实现并行计算的可扩展性, 但如何提升数据并行计算效率仍然是核心问题. 本文以格点QCD典型软件Grid为例, 研究格点QCD计算中的数据并行计算模式, 围绕格点QCD中的复杂张量计算和提升大规模并行计算效率的问题, 开展格点QCD方法中数据并行计算特征的理论分析, 之后针对Grid软件的SIMD和OpenMP等具体数据并行计算方式进行性能测试分析, 最后阐述数据并行计算模式对格点QCD计算应用的重要意义.     

格点QCD基础求解器及其异构计算实现的性能优化

格点量子色动力学(格点QCD)是研究夸克、胶子等微观粒子间相互作用的重要理论和方法. 通过将时空离散化为四维结构网格, 并将量子色动力学的基本场量定义在网格上, 让研究人员可以使用数值模拟方法, 从第一性原理出发研究强子间相互作用和性质, 但这个过程中的计算量极大, 需要进行大规模并行计算. 格点QCD计算的核心基础为格点QCD求解器, 是程序运行主要的计算热点模块. 本文研究在国产异构计算平台下格点QCD求解器的实现与优化, 提出一套格点QCD求解器的设计实现, 实现了BiCGSTAB求解器, 显著降低了迭代次数; 通过对奇偶预处理技术, 降低了所求问题的计算规模; 针对国产异构加速卡的特点, 优化了Dslash模块的访存操作. 实验测试表明, 相比优化前的求解器获得了约30倍的加速比, 为国产异构超算下格点QCD软件性能优化提供了有益的参考价值.     

ARM处理器上的格点QCD计算与优化

格点量子色动力学(格点QCD)是高能物理领域中需要大规模并行计算的最主要应用之一，相关研究通常需要消耗大量计算资源，核心是求解大规模稀疏线性方程组。文中基于国产鲲鹏920 ARM处理器，研究了格点QCD的计算热点Dslash,并将其扩展到64个节点(6 144核),展示了格点QCD计算的线性扩展性。基于roofline性能分析模型，发现格点QCD是典型的内存限制应用，并通过将Dslash中的3×3复幺正矩阵根据对称性压缩，将其性能提升约22%。对于大规模稀疏线性方程的求解，在ARM处理器上探索了常用的Krylov子空间迭代算法BiCGStab,以及近年来发展起来的前沿的multigrid算法，发现即使考虑预处理时间，在实际物理计算中使用multigrid算法相比BiCGStab依然有几倍至一个数量级的加速。此外，还考虑了鲲鹏920处理器上的NEON向量化指令，发现将其用于multigrid计算时可以带来约20%的加速。因此，在ARM处理器上使用multigrid算法能极大地加速实际的物理研究。     

一种基于PETSc的热传导方程大规模并行求解策略

提出了一种大规模热传导方程并行求解的策略,采用了分布式内存和压缩矩阵技术解决超大规模稀疏矩阵的存储及其计算,整合了多种Krylov子空间方法和预条件子技术来并行求解大规模线性方程组,基于面向对象设计实现了具体应用与算法的低耦合.在Linux机群系统上进行了性能测试,程序具有良好的加速比和计算性能.     

一种孔隙介质中地下水流并行计算方法

针对孔隙介质中地下水流动问题提出了一种并行数值计算方法,并基于此设计了一套专用于求解大规模三维地下水流动方程的并行计算模块。计算模块基于区域分解的方法实现对模型区域的并行求解,采用了分布式内存和压缩矩阵技术解决大规模稀疏矩阵的存储及其计算,整合多种并行Krylov子空间方法和预条件子技术迭代求解大规模线性方程组。在Linux集群系统上进行了数值模拟实验,性能测试结果表明,程序具有良好的加速比和可扩展性。     

基于可变窗口视差优化的并行立体匹配

针对现有局部立体匹配算法在计算精度和执行效率之间的权衡问题,提出一种基于可变窗口视差优化的并行立体匹配方法。为弥补ESAW（Exponential Step Adaptive Weight）代价聚合方法所造成的精度损失,在视差优化阶段,为每个误差点建立一个基于颜色相似度和欧式距离的可变窗口,并将误差点分为遮挡和误匹配两类,针对不同的类型采用不同的优化策略;利用CUDA（Compute Unified Device Architecture）技术将算法在图形处理器上进行并行优化和验证。实验结果表明,与现有Middlebury测试平台中列出的并行立体匹配算法相比,具有更好的计算精度。     

异构平台数学库MAGMA性能测试与分析

MAGMA是第一个面向下一代体系架构（多核CPU和GPU）开源的线性代数软件包,它采用了诸多针对异构平台的优化方法,包括混合同步、通信避免和动态任务调度.它在功能、数据存储、接口上与LAPACK相似,可以发挥GPU的巨大计算能力进行数值计算.对MAGMA进行了测试分析.首先对矩阵分解算法进行分析;然后通过测试结果,分析MAGMA有效的优化和并行方法,为MAGMA使用、优化提供有益的建议;最后提出了一种对于矩阵分块算法的自适应调优的方法,经过测试,对于方阵的SGEQRF函数加速比达到1.09,对于高瘦矩阵的CGEQRF函数加速比达到1.8.     

基于OpenCL的并行kNN算法设计与实现

kNN算法是机器学习和数据挖掘程序中经常使用的经典算法。随着数据量的增大,kNN算法的执行时间急剧上升。为了有效利用现代计算机的GPU等计算单元减少kNN算法的计算时间,提出了一种基于OpenCL的并行kNN算法,该算法对距离计算和排序两个瓶颈点进行并行化,在距离计算阶段使用细粒度并行化策略和优化的线程模型,排序阶段使用优化内存模型的双调排序。以UCI数据集letter为测试集,分别使用E8400和GTS450运行kNN算法进行测试,采用GPU加速的并行kNN算法的计算速度比CPU版提高了40.79倍。     

基于GPU的大规模拓扑优化问题并行计算方法

针对进行大规模拓扑优化问题计算量庞大且计算效率低的问题,设计并实现了一种基于图形处理器(GPU)的并行拓扑优化方法.采用双向渐进结构拓扑优化(BESO)为基础优化算法,采用一种基于节点计算的共轭梯度求解方法用于有限元方程组求解.通过对原串行算法的研究,并结合GPU的计算特点,实现了迭代过程全流程的并行计算.上述方法的程序设计和编写采用统一计算架构(CUDA),提出了基于单元和基于节点的两种并行策略.编写程序时充分使用CUDA自带的各种数学运算库,保证了程序的稳定性和易用性.数值算例证明,并行计算方法稳定并且高效,在优化结果一致的前提下,采用GTX580显卡可以取得巨大的计算加速比.     

基于数组分块的FPGA高级综合编译优化算法

针对FPGA高级综合中提高矩阵存储并行的问题, 提出了一种基于数组分块的编译优化算法, 用来优化以矩阵乘法为代表的矩阵应用。算法在LLVM编译器架构下对访存密集的数组进行分块, 然后对迭代空间进行对应的合并, 最后修改迭代空间与数据空间之间的数据访问。与AutoESL循环展开算法的实验对比表明, 在分块数目最优的情况下, 矩阵乘法电路的延时平均被降低46%, 资源平均被降低39%。因而该基于数组分块的高级综合编译优化算法能有效降低电路延时和资源使用量。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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