基于变指数的片相似性扩散图像降噪算法

针对图像去噪过程中存在边缘保持与噪声抑制之间的矛盾,提出了一种基于变指数的片相似性扩散图像降噪算法。算法基于变指数的自适应降噪模型,引入片相似性的思想,构造出新的边缘检测算子和扩散系数函数。传统的各项异性扩散图像降噪算法利用单个像素点的灰度相似性（或梯度信息）检测边缘,不能很好地保持图像的弱边缘和纹理信息。而所提算法利用邻域像素的灰度相似性,可以在滤除图像噪声的同时,保持更多的细节信息。仿真结果表明,与其他传统的基于偏微分方程（PDE）的图像降噪算法相比,该算法将信噪比（SNR）和峰值信噪比（PSNR）提高至16.602480dB和31.284672dB,具有良好的抗噪性;同时视觉效果较好,保持了更多的弱边缘和纹理等细节特征,在噪声抑制与边缘保持之间取得了较好的权衡。     

基于加权空间离群点度量的随机脉冲噪声降噪算法

针对排序统计类降噪算法在随机脉冲噪声（RVIN）图像降噪过程中,对图像边缘和细节部分噪声识别不够准确以及恢复比较模糊的问题,提出了基于加权空间离群点度量（SLOM）的脉冲噪声降噪算法WSLOM-EPR。该算法以优化的空间距离差为基础,引入图像邻域均值和标准差,建立反映局部边缘细节特征的噪声检测方法,提高边缘细节处噪声的识别精度;然后以精确检测结果为基础,优化保边正则（EPR）函数,提高算法的执行效率,并增强算法保留边缘细节的能力。仿真结果显示,WSLOM-EPR算法在40%到60%噪声密度下对噪声点的误检和漏检综合表现优于对比算法,且能在两者之间保持一个较好的平衡;降噪后的峰值信噪比（PSNR）好于对比算法中的大多数情况,且边缘细节在视觉上更加清晰连续。结果表明WSLOM-EPR算法提高了噪声检测精度,有效地保持了恢复图像的边缘细节信息。     

小波域Wiener滤波和Perona-Malik融合去噪的新算法

针对传统的小波域维纳滤波图像降噪效果不理想,并产生伪Gibbs效应的问题,提出了一种小波维纳滤波和Perona-Malik融合去噪的新算法。该算法首先采用模拟偏微分方程的热扩散迭代,在小波域上进行维纳滤波去噪,由此得到的中间结果再通过Perona-Malik算法进行二次去噪,并在迭代过程中通过噪声权系数η的自适应性,在去噪过程中最大程度地保留图像的有效信息。仿真实验结果及与其他算法的对比分析表明,该算法具有较好的去噪和抑制伪Gibbs效应的能力,有效保存了图像的边缘细节,同时也提高了峰值信噪比(peak signal to noise ratio,PSNR)。     

带细节增强与降噪的真彩图像多尺度边缘检测

为了解决真彩图像降噪和边缘细节保留的问题,提出了使用一种软阈值方法进行细节增强与降噪的真彩图像多尺度边缘检测算法。使用小波多尺度真彩图像边缘检测算法得到不同尺度边缘图像,进而根据改进的软阈值滤波函数,对得到的边缘图像进行阈值选择,降噪的同时也增强了保留的边缘细节信息;最后对不同尺度边缘图像进行了加权二范数融合。实验证明,该算法能充分利用真彩图像的颜色和梯度信息,有效地抑制噪声,增强图像的细节信息。     

基于改进Canny算子的煤矿井下物体图像边缘检测方法研究

针对传统的Canny 算子检测井下物体低强度边缘能力不足的问题,提出了一种改进的边缘检测算法。该算法从以下三个方面进行改进：（1）采用一种新的四阶偏微分方程的降噪算法对图像去噪,进一步提高降噪效果,且在降噪过程中较好地保留图像细节,使井下物体更容易被检测。（2）采用自适应阈值的方法对图像边缘进行检测,实现了双阈值的自适应提取,能够较好地提取真实边缘。特别是在低对比度图像的边缘提取上,此方法更具有优势。（3）基于模糊判决的理论,在传统的Canny算法的基础上提出了一种有效的边缘连接方法。为了验证Canny边缘检测算子的效果,分别用Prewitt 、Robert 、Sobel、传统的Canny算子对井下图像进行边缘检测实验,结果表明,该方法在最大程度抑制噪声的同时,能检测到更多的低强度边缘,为井下煤矿探测机器人图像辨识奠定了基础。     

基于分数阶偏微分方程的图像去噪新模型

将分数阶微分理论和全变分方法相结合应用于图像去噪,提出了一种基于分数阶偏微分方程的图像去噪新模型。该模型很好地继承了现有的全变分(TV)模型去噪效果与保持图像边缘细节特征的优点,同时利用分数阶微分运算特有的幅频特性优势,较好地保留了图像平滑区域中灰度变化不大的纹理细节。实验结果表明：一方面,与现有去噪方法相比,新模型不仅具有较强的抑制噪声能力,而且能较好地保持图像边缘特征,还能保留更多的图像纹理细节信息,优于常用的整数阶偏微分图像去噪方法;另一方面,从峰值信噪比的对比实验可以看出该模型去噪效果优于其他方法,较好地达到了去噪目的,是一种有效、实用的图像去噪模型。     

各向异性四阶偏微分方程耦合二阶偏微分方程的图像放大

针对增强图像中的弱边缘、细节纹理和消除二阶偏微分方程在图像平滑部分的阶梯效应问题,提出一种各向异性四阶偏微分方程耦合二阶偏微分方程的图像放大算法。算法通过像素的局部方差自适应约束阈值,实现图像中不同结构的各向异性四阶扩散,增强弱边缘和细节纹理,去除平滑部分阶梯效应,同时耦合改进的总变差方法和受梯度约束的冲激滤波器对边缘进行增强,放大算法采用双正交映射实现图像退化模型的约束。仿真实验证明该算法能够很好地增强边缘、细节和纹理,去除阶梯效应。与其他二阶偏微分方程放大算法比较,算法具有较好的主观视觉效果,算法放大图像的峰值信噪比(PSNR)和平均结构相似性测度(MSSIM)也高于其他二阶偏微分方程算法,其中平滑部分较多图像的PSNR比基于改进的总变差放大算法提高1 dB左右,细节纹理较多的图像提高0.5 dB以上。该算法的放大图像更加自然,弱边缘和细节能够得到分辨率增强。     

SAR图像斑点噪声整体变分偏微分方程滤波算法研究

SAR图像固有的斑点噪声严重影响了图像的判读和后续处理,因此抑制SAR图像斑点噪声显得尤其重要。一个良好的斑点噪声抑制算法应该在降低斑点噪声的同时,能很好地保持图像的细节特征,但现有的去噪算法没有一种能够完美地解决这个问题的。本文基于SAR图像斑点噪声滤波的重要性以及存在的问题,将整体变分偏微分方程用于去除斑点噪声。根据整体偏微分方程建立了去噪模型,并分析了模型的性能和参数选择的重要性。通过实验验证了该算法的有效性,并以峰值信噪比（PSNR）为评价准则,利用多项式拟合方法选择了最优参数。引入边缘保持指数(EPI),与其他滤波算法比较,本算法在去除噪声的同时较好地保持了边缘。     

一种改进的PDE图像去噪方法

研究用于图像去噪的偏微分方程;在理论上对去噪原理进行了分析。通过对扩散方程中扩散系数的改进,提出了一个对噪声图像更有效、更具有适应性的去噪扩散模型,对高斯噪声图像进行处理。与传统的各向异性扩散算法进行了比较并对偏微分方程的未来发展方向进行了展望。实验结果表明,该方法在有效去除噪声的同时较好地保留了图像中的重要细节信息,使图像的细节部分清晰。该方法可以有效地去除图像噪声,提高图像的质量。     

基于多尺度轮廓结构元素的多形状边缘检测

在图像边缘检测过程中,针对滤除噪声及有效保留图像边缘信息这对矛盾点进行了研究,给出一种基于多尺度轮廓结构元素的多形状边缘检测算法。该算法通过多次使用轮廓结构元素的开最大和闭最小运算操作滤除噪声,运算次数通过比较图像峰值信噪比确定,降低结构元素对边缘信息的影响;然后采用多形状多尺度结构元素提取图像边缘,并利用图像峰值信噪比控制结构元素尺度的选取。与经典边缘检测算法相比,该算法具有更强的去噪声能力,且能保留更多的图像细节。仿真实验表明,有区别地使用轮廓结构元素及多形状多尺度结构元素,能有效去噪并保留边缘信息。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate