置换DCT域中频系数的盲水印嵌入算法研究*

介绍了一种基于离散余弦变换域(DCT)中频系数置换的盲水印算法,用该算法对数字水印进行了自适应嵌入方法研究.该算法突破了数字水印的加性算法、乘性算法等传统的水印嵌入方法;解决了被提取水印中含有原始图像DCT系数从而影响水印检测准确性的问题.该算法使用人类视觉模型对水印图像进行自适应嵌入,使嵌入的数字水印从根本上不可逆.实验证明该算法对数字水印的滤波、剪切、噪声等攻击有很强的鲁棒性.     

基于DCT的数字图像水印技术研究

DCT是水印技术研究中目前使用最多最广的一种变换,也是最为广泛的一种水印策略应用,对DCT图像数字水印的研究具有实际意义。详细阐述了数字水印基本原理,分析DCT域数字水印算法,提出基于DCT域的数字图像盲水印算法。首先对水印图像预处理进行Arnold置乱变换,增强水印信息的安全性;其次,采用分块DCT域变换,选择中频系数嵌入水印信息,仿真实验表明,该算法不仅具有较好的透明性,而且对压缩、加噪、剪切等攻击具有较好的鲁棒性,获得性能较好的水印算法。     

基于误差修正的二值水印图像提取算法

为了减少水印算法中设置阈值带来的不便,减少水印提取时的计算量.设计了一种图像数字水印盲检测算法,分析了离散余弦变换(DCT)系数位置时水印质量的影响,采用黄金分割选取待嵌入水印的DCT系数位置.在原始灰度图像中嵌入二值水印图像,采用修改二进制DCT系数来实现水印的盲检测,水印提取时,用闭环误差修正的方法提取水印信息.分别用椒盐噪声.压缩等攻击进行实验,得到了一些有益的实验结果.该算法计算量小,隐蔽性好.     

基于卷积码和软判决的图像水印盲检算法

根据水印系统与通信系统的相似性,借助通信中的卷积码和交织技术可提高盲水印算法的鲁棒性,在DCT域设计并实现了一种适合软判决检测的盲数字水印算法。实验结果表明,该算法对于常见的图像攻击具有很强的鲁棒性,卷积码能有效地提高水印的鲁棒性,同时软判决检测较硬判决检测能进一步提高水印的鲁棒性。     

一种基于DCT系数间线性关系的盲检数字水印算法

为了提高盲检测数字水印算法的鲁棒性，从同频DCT系数间的线性关系着手，结合人类视觉系统（HVS）理论和JPEG压缩的工作原理，提出了一种简单易行数字水印算法，该算法具有良好的不可见性，能很好地抵抗JPEG压缩，是完全意义上的盲检测算法，并通过与口令系统结合，使只有合法用户才可正确检测了水印。     

基于分块DCT和量化的图像盲水印算法

当前基于离散余弦变换(DCT)的图像数字水印方法大多为非盲的，水印一般嵌入DCT的中低频系数中，但却把DC分量排除在外。该文提出了一个基于分块DCT和量化的图像盲水印算法，将水印根据量化策略嵌入块DCT系数的DC分量中。该算法思想简单，步骤简便、容易实现。实验结果表明，该算法对嵌入的水印具有很好的透明性，对常见攻击如重采样、颜色抖动、平滑、加噪声和JPEG压缩等具有很强的稳健性。     

基于DCT的半脆弱水印算法

数字水印技术成为多媒体信息安全研究领域的一个热点问题.对变换域DCT(discrete cosine transform)域的半脆弱性的数字水印算法进行了研究.该算法首先生成数字水印:水印图像是灰度图,根据特定的分组表及公式将所有系数进行分组,进而生成二进制水印信息;然后将宿主图像进行基于分块DCT变换,最后将水印信息嵌入到各分块DCT域的中低频系数中.该算法对一些常见的图像处理具有一定的鲁棒性,同时具有一定的检测篡改的能力,可以定位到空间域的8*8块.试验结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于DCT变换的图像数字水印算法

数字水印技术在保护数据信息安全和版权方面有着重要的应用.对基本DCT域图像数字水印算法进行改进,该算法采用可视的二值图像作为水印信息,利用人类视觉系统(HVS)的冗余特性,将图像块进行分类,并结合边缘检测和Arnold型置乱变换加密,通过在图像块DCT域中修改低频区DC分量来嵌入不同强度的水印.实验结果表明,该算法生成的水印是不可见的,并且对常见的图像处理和噪声干扰具有较好的鲁棒性.     

一种简单有效的彩色图像数字水印算法

本文提出了一种新的彩色图像数字水印算法。首先将图像转换到,在亮度分量Y中做的分块DCT变换,通过修改中频区域中的DCT系数来嵌入经过置乱操作的二值水印图像信号。嵌入和提取水印时采用了一种量化的方法,在保证算法不可见性的同时又具有较好的鲁棒性。该算法是一种盲水印算法,使用过程中不需要提供任何额外的信息,实现方法简单,性能良好,在实际应用中具有一定的价值。     

一种基于zigzag扫描的DCT鲁棒数字盲水印算法

针对提高水印算法的鲁棒性进行研究,提出一种基于zigzag扫描的DCT鲁棒数字盲水印算法。算法对分块后DCT域的中、低频系数进行zigzag扫描得到一维数列,利用每个数列数学范数比值和量化索引调制原理实现数字水印的嵌入,然后通过最小距离公式对水印提取。与其他算法相比,实验结果显示算法能够抵抗多种攻击,具有较好的透明性与鲁棒性。水印提取过程不需要原载体图像,实现水印信息盲提取。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.