无线网络时变带宽业务的准入控制性能分析

无线蜂窝网络的通话准入控制方法与通话的 Qo S以及无线信道的利用率密切相关 .使用 Markov过程得出了业务带宽需求时变状况下系统性能 (通话的切换掉线概率、并发掉线概率、阻塞概率以及信道利用率 )的理论模型 .通过数值结果分析了系统负载、用户的移动、通话的持续时间对系统性能的影响     

无线网络中实时业务的信道预留

随着无线数据服务的流行和多媒体应用需求的增长,需要无线网络能够为不同种类的业务提供有区别的服务质量(QoS),因此如何在无线网络中提供有区分和有保证的服务质量,成为一个非常重要的问题。论文提出了一种在IEEE802.11无线网络中为实时业务提供服务质量保证的有效方法,即通过修改介质访问控制(MAC)层的分布式协调功能(DCF),为实时数据预留信道。当一个节点竞争到信道后,可以连续向同一个目标节点发送多个实时数据帧,称作传送突发(TB,TransmissionBurst),即在一个TB中第一个数据帧将为实时业务预留信道,直到这个TB结束,这样实时业务将比其他业务占有更多的信道资源。仿真结果表明,该方法能够明显改进实时业务的吞吐率和延迟性能,提高无线网络的信道利用率,而且,对DCF的修改没有增加任何控制开销。     

无线局域网中流媒体业务的监测与控制

分析了无线局域网(IEEE 802．11b)和流媒体业务的特点，在无线网络教室的场景下，提出并实现了一个监测和控制无线局域网中流媒体业务的方案。详细阐述了监测和控制过程，根据场景的业务特点，监测网络业务时采用基于流的存储结构。在方案中，准入控制和自适应QoS被用来保证服务质量。     

IEEE 802.11支持QoS区分服务的性能优化

基于IEEE 802。11 p-persistent协议模型的研究,对一种近似优化条件在多优先级业务网络条件下的适用性进行了证明。应用该近似优化条件,提出了一种适用于IEEE 802。11 QoS区分服务支持的自适应优化算法QATC (QoS-supporting adaptive transmission control)。算法利用信道侦听信息实时优化调整各优先级业务的发送概率,更新相应的协议参数,实现信道利用率的提高和系统性能的增强。QATC算法不需要估计各优先级业务的节点数量,并且拥有     

多信道有限缓存下混合业务接入控制的排队性能研究

基于无线通信网的运行机制和实时性、非实时性混合业务对无线通信网络的不同服务质量（QoS）要求,设计了有限缓存下实时性业务优先接入控制策略,并建立了无线通信网络在有限缓存下混合业务带有优先接入控制的多服务台离散时间排队模型Geom₁±Geom₂/Geom₁, Geom₂/s, s（PP）/n+s, s.精确划分了系统的状态组成,分析了系统性能和状态转移概率,获得了系统的稳态分布、平均队长、损失率、以及信道的平均利用率.最后,对所建模型进行数值模拟,得到各业务到达率、服务率、信道个数、缓冲器容量与各业务损失率的关系.针对网络拥塞控制,本文提出通过增加信道个数、提高优先级业务的服务率能有效地降低两类业务的损失率.     

一种支持宽带无线多媒体网络QoS的动态呼叫接纳策略

在无线网络中,小区微型化的趋势使得呼叫切换发生的频率越来越高,迫切需要一种有效的呼叫接纳控制策略,对有限的无线带宽资源进行分配,以保证切换时的QoS,同时使带宽利用率最高。传统的预留带宽策略(GC,guard channel scheme)由于其固有的静态特征而不能适应流量模式的变化。最近,人们发现采用动态的随机控制策略能适应流量模式的变化,而且能使精度和稳定性大大提高。但将这种策略应用于多业务环境依然十分困难,挑战来自于多类呼叫的QoS要求、流量模式、切换率的多样性和宽带条件下的实时可计算性。在文[3]中,我们建立了一个随机控制模型,可以在宽带条件下实时地进行多业务接纳控制,但由于没有考虑复杂的边界条件,控制精度受到影响。本文,我们在考虑边界条件的情况下,求解该随机问题,并采用一种有效的数值方法,使计算复杂度大大降低,保证了计算的实时性。最后得到的多业务动态接纳控制策略具有较高的控制精度和良好的可计算性。仿真结果显示该策略能稳定地满足多业务QoS对呼叫中断概率的严格限制,同时又能保证信道的高利用率。     

支持服务区分的多智能体Q学习MAC算法

媒体访问控制(MAC)协议负责协调所有认知用户的空闲信道接入服务,是认知 Ad-hoc 网络支持服务质量(QoS)的关键技术之一。在二进制指数退避算法基础上,提出一种支持服务区分的多智能体Q学习MAC算法。实时调整传输概率,使系统信道接入服务达到最优,建立传输概率调节的Markov链模型,导出分组的传输概率与协议参数的关系,给出基于服务区分的信道吞吐率模型,建立基于MAC协议参数学习的多智能体Q学习算法。实验结果表明,该算法能满足高优先级业务的QoS,且吞吐率和时延性能优于IEEE 802.11e EDCA机制。     

基于802.11的多信道MAC协议性能分析

为了改善无线网络中信道带宽的利用率,提高网络的吞吐量性能,已有研究提出了采用多信道MAC协议的方法,将单个信道分割成控制子信道和数据子信道进行联合使用.针对基于802.11DCF的该类型MAC协议,采用离散Markov链对DCF的退避机制进行建模分析,研究了多信道下两种MAC机制的饱和吞吐量性能与信道带宽分配比例的关系,分析了网络节点数、数据分组大小和DCF竞争窗口等对优化多信道带宽分配的影响,并将多信道MAC机制下的网络性能与单信道MAC机制进行了对比.分析和仿真结果表明,采用优化的信道带宽分配,多信道的MAC机制可以一定程度上提高网络的吞吐量性能.但是,当允许控制帧以最大信道速率传输时,多信道MAC机制吞吐量性能并不比单信道MAC机制好.     

异构分层无线网络中基于业务QoS保证的切换策略研究

针对异构分层无线网络提出了一种保证业务QoS的切换策略。该策略在层间呼叫双向溢出基础上,为实时业务切换设置了保护信道,为非实时业务切换设置了缓冲队列。为了进一步降低实时业务切换的掉线率,还使用了信道侵占技术,原理是实时业务切换呼叫可以侵占数据业务正在使用的信道资源。仿真结果表明,提出的切换方法能够显著降低各类切换业务的掉线率,同时整个异构分层系统的信道利用率也略有提高。     

认知无线网络中混合式频谱分配策略及性能研究

针对认知无线网络中的非实时业务,考虑集中式频谱分配可以实现全局优化,分布式频谱分配具有更好灵活性的特点,引入随机退避和控制中心调度的协作机制,提出一种混合式频谱分配策略.基于系统中授权用户和认知用户分别占用的信道个数,建立一个二维Markov模型,在认知用户理想感知的前提下,给出系统的转移概率矩阵,并进行系统模型的稳态分析.导出混合式频谱分配策略下的信道利用率、认知用户中断率及阻塞率等系统性能指标,并通过系统实验,定量的刻画认知用户数,认知用户到达率及信道数对系统性能的影响.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。