InTouch组态软件在液化气储罐控制系统的应用

介绍了Wonderware公司工业组态软件InTouch在某液化气公司灌场监控系统中的应用,说明了InTouch软件同西门子S7-300 PLC的通信方式,以及应用InTouch软件与SQL数据库变换数据的方式,并提出了一种利用InTouch软件进行网络应用程序开发的方法.     

InTouch在中高压氮气生产自动化系统中的应用

主要介绍了中高压氮气生产自动化系统的构成及Wonderware公司工业组态软件InTouch的特点.展示了InTouch软件强大的图形功能、系统安全和冗余功能的实现.     

论述InTouch软件在水务系统中的应用

本文介绍了InTouch软件具有的功能特性,以及如何在实际的工程项目中灵活地使用InTouch软件.特别是InTouch软件在深圳市东江水源工程管理处供水工程自动化监控系统中的应用,实现了对现场设备进行"现地"或"远程"监控和管理,降低了开发和使用成本,提高了经济效益.     

InTouch在水电厂计算机监控系统中的应用

针对水电厂工作原理和工艺要求,采用InTouch软件平台开发水电厂后台监控系统,介绍系统的设计、InTouch通信的原理及软件配置。     

基于InTouch和Oracle数据库的通信技术

介绍了几种主要的数据库访问技术,监控软件InTouch和大型关系数据库Oracle的特点及两者通信技术的实现.在InTouch软件和OracIe数据库共同支持的数据库访问技术基础上,着重论述了InTouch和Oracle之间通信技术的实现及相关操作,最后简要地总结了两种数据库访问技术的特点及选取原则.     

基于OPC的InTouch与RSview32的通信

在工业控制领域,上位机和下位机进行通信,一般都需要特定的驱动程序,组态软件InTouch与组态软件RSview32通信也不例外。OPC定义一个开放的接口,在这个接口上,基于PC的软件组件能交换数据,因此,OPC为自动化控制领域中的现场设备连接工业应用程序提供一个理想的方法[1]。本文针对InTouch组态软件与RSview32组态软件的通信问题,在介绍OPC数据交换技术的基础上,探讨如何通过OPC技术来实现InTouch与RSview32的通信问题,实现InTouch读取RSview32数据的目的。测试表明,上述方法具有较好的稳定性和可靠性。     

InTouch在DIET生产线监控系统上的使用

现代自控技术飞速发展，使得上位监控技术得到了广泛的应用。在众多的上位监控软件中，InTouch是一种功能强大、性能稳定的上位监控软件。本简要介绍了InTouch监控软件的功能，以及在韶关二氧化碳膨胀烟丝(DIET)生产线上的应用。     

InTouch软件在升船机监控系统中的应用

本文介绍工控软件Intouch在升船机监控系统中的应用。着重讲述了InTouch如何调用后台处理程序来完成数据交换与通讯功能,以及怎样记录数据文件来实现诊断和仿真,并给出具体的例子加以说明。在本文的结尾对InTouch软件提出了作者自己的看法。     

InTouch在冷轧机控制系统中的设计和应用

论述了在1 520mm酸连轧计算机控制系统中，人机界面组态软件InTouch 8.0的设计思想和高级编程实例。介绍了计算机控制系统的硬件配置，信息通信方式；叙述了组态软件InTouch的应用特色，给出了自编的函数应用范例。     

InTouch在1250mm冷连轧控制系统中的设计和应用

主要论述了在1250mm五机架冷连轧计算机控制系统中,人机界面组态软件InTouch 9.0的设计思想和编程实例.首先介绍了计算机控制系统的硬件配置,软件的通讯方式;然后详细叙述了组态软件InTouch的应用特色,并给出自编的函数应用实例.     

Methods of system development in Finland

Interest in the use of different methodologies, methods and tools for information systems analysis and design has been increasing for the last decade in Finland. This has resulted in the founding of a special interest group in systems analysis and design within the Finnish Data Procesing Association and in its making a survey of the methods and tools in use in Finland in 1980. This survey was in the form of a questionnaire mailed to the company members of the association. The results of the survey show a wide use of different tools in the design and implementation of information systems. In the analysis phase, there seems to be a need for more and better methods and tools. In 1980 several companies began to use new methodologies, methods and tools in the field; the most common are: the Swedish ISAC, Jackson's JSP, and the data dictionary.     

关联规则挖掘技术研究进展*

为帮助人们深入研究关联规则挖掘技术,总结了关联规则的分类方法、评价方法以及相关技术的最新进展,特别是对关联规则的主要算法进行了详细的介绍,并探讨未来的发展方向。该研究比较系统全面,对将来进一步深入分析关联规则挖掘技术具有指导意义。     

基于Visual FoxPro环境AeCESS数据库操作的实现

在Visual FoxPro中使用ACCESS数据库,能够克服其自奄存在的数据库、数据表与索引文件分离、数据表安全性不高等不利因素,较好地发挥二者在数据库管理与编程方酗的优势。鉴于这方面的资料较少,系统地阐述Visual FoxPm环境下ACCESS数据库的操作方法,实现在Visual FoxPro中ACCESS数据库的建立、压缩与修复;数据表的建立、结构与记录的维护;Visual FoxPro数据库与ACCESS数据库的相互转换、Visual FaxPro中通用字段与ACCESS中OLE字段的数据转换等方法是很多用户的客观需求。用Visual FoxPro编程方式全面操纵ACCESS数据库具有重要的理论与应用价值。     

Ecosystem functioning of protected and altered Mediterranean environments: A remote sensing classification in Doñana, Spain

Spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem functioning is a key component of ecological variability requiring special attention in the context of global change. A large history of human use has produced high physiognomic heterogeneity in Mediterranean ecosystems. However, the consequences for ecosystem functioning remain insufficiently understood. We analyzed spectral indicators of matter and energy fluxes in the land surface to classify the functional ecosystem heterogeneity in a Mediterranean region covering different management histories and protection types. We specifically analyzed the spatial variability in seasonal and annual patterns in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), surface temperature (T_s) and albedo from five Landsat ETM images. Then we classified numerically this variability into ecosystem functional types (EFTs) and explored their seasonal dynamics in terms of photosynthetic radiation absorption and evapotranspiration. We identified eight main EFTs with ecologically relevant differences including contrasting dynamics in fPAR seasonality, great variation in incoming radiation reflection and differing evapotranspiration rates, particularly during the water-limitation period. Functional variability in natural vegetation mostly consisted in dissimilar annual rates of NDVI and albedo, whereas differences in seasonality were more evident in transformed areas. Similarly, the spatial distribution of EFTs was partly associated to protection, with two EFTs exclusive of protected areas and comparatively higher functional diversity in humanized areas. Landform effects on water availability in protected areas and human activities under different ecological settings were seemingly responsible for the large functional diversity of the region. We advocate for the explicit incorporation of multifunctional ecosystem heterogeneity in ecosystem management and monitoring designs.     

Combined effects of fabric air permeability and moisture absorption on clothing microclimate and subjective sensation during intermittent exercise at 27 degrees C

The present paper aimed at determining the combined effects of two different levels of air permeability and moisture absorption, in terms of clothing microclimate and subjective sensation, in resting and exercising subjects at an ambient temperature of 27 °C, a relative humidity of 50% and an air velocity of 0.14 m s^-1. Three kinds of clothing ensemble were investigated: (1) polyester clothing with low moisture absorption and low air permeability (A), (2) polyester clothing with low moisture absorption and high air permeability (B), and (3) cotton clothing with high moisture absorption and high air permeability (C). The subjects exercised for 10 min on a cycle ergometer at an intensity of 30% maximal oxygen uptake and then had a 10 min rest. This sequence was repeated four times. The main findings are summarized as follows: (1) The clothing microclimate humidity in the back area was significantly higher in A than in B, and in C than in B. (2) The clothing microclimate temperature in the chest area was significantly higher in B than in A, and in B than in C. (3) The clothing microclimate temperature in the back area was significantly higher in C than in B. (4) The clothing surface temperature was significantly higher in C than in B. (5) Although the positive relationships between the microclimate humidity and forearm sweat rate was significantly confirmed in all three kinds of clothing, the microclimate humidity at chest for the same sweat rate was lower in C than in A and B. (6) Although the positive relationships between subjective sensation and forearm sweat rates were significantly confirmed in all three kinds of clothing, the subjective discomfort seemed to be reduced more effectively in C than in A and B for the same sweat rate. These results were discussed in terms of thermal physiology and combined effects of air permeability and moisture absorbency of the fabrics.     

古典青铜器设计中科学性与艺术性的统一

本文主要对于古典青铜器中科学技术的运用从其设计上科学性与艺术性的统一上进行了分析和研究。希望通过本文让大家对古典青铜器设计中科学性与艺术性的统一有一个了解和认识,以便日后更好地运用到现代的产品设计中。     

Spatio-temporal distribution of rice phenology and cropping systems in the Mekong Delta with special reference to the seasonal water flow of the Mekong and Bassac rivers

Multi-temporal Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data was used to estimate the spatial distribution of heading date and rice-cropping system employed in the Mekong Delta relative to seasonal changes in water resources in 2002 and 2003. We improved a Wavelet-based Filter for determining Crop Phenology (WFCP) and developed a Wavelet-based Filter for evaluating the spatial distribution of Cropping Systems (WFCS) to the interpretation of MODIS time-series data to determine the spatial distribution of rice phenology and various rice-cropping systems from the seasonal Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data. The findings correspond well the physical characteristics of the cropping system in the Mekong Delta, which have changed over time in response to localized and seasonal changes in water resources. One such example is the double-irrigated rice-cropping system commonly employed in the upper Mekong Delta in the dry season to avoid damage due to the subsequent floods. The shortage of suitable irrigation water and intrusion of saline water in the coastal regions during the dry season has constrained the practice dry-season cropping and has meant that the double- and single-rainfed rice-cropping systems are employed in the rainy season. A triple-irrigated rice-cropping system is used in the central part of the Mekong Delta which is located midway between the flood-prone and salinity intrusion areas. Analysis of annual changes in the rice cropping systems between 2002 and 2003 showed that the triple-cropped rice expanded to the flood- and salinity-intrusion areas. This expansion indicates that the implementation of measures to limit the extent of flooding and salinity intrusion by improved farming technologies and improvements in land management. The heading dates in the upper Mekong Delta in 2003 were earlier than in 2002 by approximately 20 to 30 days. The reasons for this would be due to decreased flood runoff in 2002 compared to 2001, and implementation of government policies regarding early sowing of dry-season crops. Subsequent analysis of the MODIS data confirmed that the spatial distribution of rice-cropping systems was closely related to seasonal changes in river runoff regime in the Mekong Delta.     

跨设备交互场景下参照域构建方法的设计策略研究

针对智能家居中跨设备交互的内容传输问题,从参照类型和工件数量 2 个方面定义交互的可见性, 并在此基础上提出了 4 种参照域构建方法(物理的,物理耦合的,数字的,自然的)。通过“绿野仙踪”实验探究 4 种方法在单一任务和主次任务场景下对用户体验的影响,实验结果表明,不同方法在同一场景,以及同一方法 在不同场景的用户体验有差异。得出 2 个方面结论：①方法的差异性,物理的方法是高效而有趣的,物理耦合的 方法最有趣但实行性较低,数字的方法最实用但也是常规的,自然的方法在主次任务场景下最实用;②场景的差 异性,主次任务场景中用户重点关注实用性,而用户在单一任务场景中既关注实用性也对享乐性提出了要求。     

Desktop publishing in education

Abstract The term 'desktop publishing' has received much media coverage in recent months in both the commercial and educational press. School-based 'desktop publishing' packages are at the moment poor imitations of full-specification systems. This paper discusses the state of desktop publishing in education today and demonstrates the weaknesses of the systems available for use in the classroom. The skills required for desktop publishing are interrelated in a complex way and cannot be presented in a hierarchical fashion. A model of the functional processes involved is suggested in the paper and analysed in terms of the skills required.     

Interannual covariability between actual evapotranspiration and PAL and GIMMS NDVIs of northern Asia

This study examined the covariability between interannual changes in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and actual evapotranspiration (ET). To reduce possible uncertainty in the NDVI time series, two NDVI datasets derived from Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) data and the Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Studies (GIMMS) group were used. Analyses were conducted using data over northern Asia from 1982 to 2000. Interannual changes over 19 years in the PAL-NDVI and GIMMS-NDVI were compared with interannual changes in ET estimated from model-assimilated atmospheric data and gridded precipitation data. For both NDVI datasets, the annual maximum correlation with ET occurred in June, which is the beginning of the vegetation growing season. The PAL and GIMMS datasets showed a significant, positive correlation between interannual changes in the NDVI and ET over most of the vegetated land area in June. These results suggest that interannual changes in vegetation activity predominantly control interannual changes in ET in June. Based on analyses of interannual changes in temperature, precipitation, and the NDVI in June, the study area can be roughly divided into two regions, the warmth-dominated northernmost region and the wetness-dominated southern region, indicating that interannual changes in vegetation and the resultant interannual changes in ET are controlled by warmth and wetness in these two regions, respectively.