基于异值区域消除的遮挡人脸识别

针对存在部分遮挡的人脸的识别问题,提出了一种改进的基于异值区域消除的人脸识别方法。首先,由训练人脸图像得到平均脸图像,并将测试图像与平均脸图像作差值运算得到误差人脸图像;然后,对误差人脸图像进行分割得到测试人脸图像存在的遮挡区域,并将测试图像和训练图像的相应区域予以去除以形成新的测试图像和训练图像;最后,采用线性回归分类或稀疏编码分类方法实现人脸识别。与同类方法比较,本方法计算相对简单,展现了较好的识别性能提升。基于Yale B和AR标准人脸数据库的仿真测试结果验证了本方法的有效性。     

基于改进的RPCA人脸识别算法

针对人脸识别中存在遮挡、光照、表情变化等问题,提出了一种基于改进的鲁棒主成分分析的人脸识别算法,它利用人脸的稀疏误差成分准确判断出人脸图像之间的差异。该算法首先对人脸进行低秩恢复,得到表示人脸普通特征的低秩分量和描述人脸差分信息的稀疏误差分量,然后定义稀疏度和平滑度两种描述符来表示稀疏误差分量的特征,最后联合上述两种描述符对人脸图像进行分类判别。实验结果表明,在光照条件和遮挡区域随机的情况下,提出的采用误差图像进行分类判别的算法在处理遮挡、光照、表情变化等人脸识别问题上均具有优越的识别性能。     

基于测地映射分析的核稀疏描述人脸识别

针对人脸识别系统在非控制环境下易受姿态、表情和遮挡变化影响的问题,提出了一种基于测地映射分析（Geodesic Mapping Analysis,GMA）的特征提取方法。通过计算两个像素点间的测地距离来度量相似性,对提取的GMA特征进行核稀疏描述建模,并在非线性空间中实现特征的分类识别。在ORL和Yale-B人脸数据库上的实验表明,该方法在应对重度遮挡、姿态和表情变化的自由形式人脸图像方面具有更高的识别率,大大提高了人脸识别系统应对真实复杂环境的能力。     

基于因子分析与稀疏表示的多姿态人脸识别

在非可控环境下,人脸识别面临的最大难题之一是姿态变化与遮挡问题。基于稀疏表示的人脸识别方法将测试人脸表示成训练人脸的稀疏线性组合,根据其组合系数的稀疏性进行人脸识别。该方法对人脸的噪声和遮挡变化具有很好的鲁棒性,但对人脸的姿态变化表现力极差,这是因为当人脸具有姿态变化时,同一个人不同姿态情况下很难对应起来,这违背线性组合的前提条件。为了克服稀疏表示方法对人脸姿态变化表现力极差问题,对人脸进行因子分析,分离出人脸姿态因子,得到合成的正面人脸;利用稀疏表示进行人脸分类识别。实验结果表明,该方法对人脸的遮挡和姿态变化具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于稀疏表示的遮挡人脸表情识别方法

用基于稀疏表示的分类方法识别遮挡人脸表情时,遮挡字典不具有冗余度且身份特征易干扰表情分类.针对此问题,文中提出一种基于稀疏表示的遮挡人脸表情识别方法.该方法首先通过对图像多级分块得到具有冗余度的遮挡字典,然后通过稀疏分解求出待测图像的稀疏表示系数,最后在待测图像所在的子空间内实现表情类别判断.该方法使待测图像的分解系数变得更稀疏,同时避免身份特征对表情分类的干扰.在Cohn-Kanade和JAFFE人脸库上的遮挡表情识别实验表明,该方法对遮挡人脸的表情识别具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于形变模型的红外人脸鲁棒识别*

针对人脸识别中的光照、表情和遮挡变化三大难题,引进热红外人脸克服光照变化,并且采用融合局部形变模型的人脸分类方法克服表情和遮挡变化。该方法将热红外测试人脸看成人脸库的线性组合,并用形变模型表示,通过 最小优化求解组合系数,根据系数的稀疏性进行人脸识别。为了进一步提高算法的鲁棒性,采用人脸分片加权的策略。在Equinox人脸库上通过大量实验表明：基于红外光的人脸识别性能明显高于可见光对光照变化的影响;融合局部形变模型的人脸识别方法可以有效地提高识别率且克服红外人脸识别中的眼镜干扰与表情变化问题。     

基于分块稀疏表示的部分遮挡人脸识别

人脸识别利用已有的人脸数据库对给定的人脸图像进行识别,不同光照、不同姿态、部分遮挡情况下的识别问题是其中的热门研究课题。笔者针对人脸图像中的部分遮挡问题,通过AR人脸库对处理过的人脸图像采用分块稀疏表示的方法,在不同训练样本下进行多次实验。实验结果表明,分块稀疏表示对部分遮挡人脸的识别率有较大提升。     

基于自编码器和稀疏表示的单样本人脸识别

单样本人脸识别因其在现实生活中的广泛应用而成为人脸识别领域的热门话题。单张训练样本条件下训练样本的缺少和复杂的类内人脸表情、光照、遮挡变化给单样本人脸识别研究带来困难。传统的基于稀疏表示的人脸识别方法需要大量的训练样本构成过完备的字典,因而在单样本条件下识别效果明显下滑。针对这一问题,提出一种基于有监督自编码器的带变化人脸样本生成方法,在保留身份信息的同时自动生成带变化的人脸图像用于单样本条件下的字典扩充,一定程度上缓解了单样本条件下的欠采样问题,弥补了训练集和测试集间的人脸变化信息差异,使得传统的稀疏表示方法能够适用于单样本人脸识别问题。在公共数据库上的实验结果不仅证明了该方法的有效性,而且对测试集中不同的人脸变化也展现出了较强的鲁棒性。     

改进稀疏表示算法在人脸识别中的应用

人脸识别的主要难度在于，受到光照变化、表情变化以及遮挡的影响，会使得采集的不同人的人脸图像具有相似性。为有效解决基于稀疏表示的分类算法（Sparse Representation-based Classification，SRC）在人脸训练样本不足时会导致识别率降低和稀疏表示求解效率较低的问题，提出了基于判别性低秩分解与快速稀疏表示分类（Low Rank Recovery Fast Sparse Representation-based Classification，LRR_FSRC）的人脸识别算法。利用低秩分解理论得到低秩恢复字典以及稀疏误差字典，结合低秩分解和结构不相干理论，训练出判别性低秩类字典和稀疏误差字典，并把它们结合作为测试时所用的字典；用坐标下降法来求解稀疏系数以提高了计算效率；根据重构误差实现测试样本的分类。在YALE和ORL数据库上的实验结果表明，提出的基于LRR_FSRC的人脸识别方法具有较高的识别率和计算效率。     

统一化的LGBP特征及稀疏表示的人脸识别算法

为了克服非约束性(光照、遮挡、姿势等变化)条件下会大大降低人脸识别率的缺陷,提出一种基于Gabor相位和幅值信息的统一化局部二进制模式稀疏表示人脸识别算法.首先将人脸图像经过Gabor滤波器滤波得到Gabor相位和幅值图像,然后分块提取其统一化的局部二进制直方图,最后通过稀疏表示判断测试图像所属类.利用AR数据库进行实验的结果表明,与SRC、结合LBP和SRC特征的分割识别算法相比,该算法在非约束性条件下识别率最高.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate