探析多旋翼无人机战场应用前景

在信息化作战需求分析的基础上,剖析了固定翼无人机的使用限制,阐述了多旋翼无人机在现代军事行动中的应用潜能.研究表明,体型、机动性、隐蔽性以及智能化程度上的劣质,导致部分装备在作战灵活性上已满足不了现代战争的需求,发展基于多旋翼无人机打造的侦察平台与精准打击平台将是一个较好的解决方案.而运用军民融合的发展模式挖掘多旋翼军用潜力,在提升军队作战能力,促进行业发展等方面均具有积极意义.     

旋翼无人机大气探测设备布局仿真优化设计

为了提高多旋翼无人机气象探测的准确度,基于CFD方法对偶数桨旋翼无人机的流场进行分析,比较了不同旋翼数和不同旋翼间距离的无人机的流场,分析了流场的特点。同时,结合大气探测设备对温湿度、气体浓度及颗粒物浓度测量的基本原理,分析了多旋翼无人机扰流场对探测设备测量精度的影响及其原因。由此确定了进行大气探测的多旋翼无人机尽量根据情况选择旋翼数较多、翼间距较大的机型,探测设备安装位置应当靠近无人机中心轴靠近旋翼旋转平面处的相对静风区,经实验对比,通过优化可以有效减小测量的误差。并提出可利用多旋翼无人机流场特点设计多旋翼无人机专用探测设备的构想。     

系留多旋翼无人机及其在战术通信中的应用

介绍多旋翼无人机的发展和特点,针对其在无线通信中继应用中存在的问题和局限性,创新地提出通过加装系留供电系统实现系留多旋翼无人机的基本方案。可持续稳定滞空飞行的特点,使系留多旋翼无人机更适用于构建战术通信的无线中继平台。结合军事应用需求,分析对比了在不同地形下,典型战术电台在地面直接通信和通过系留多旋翼无人机中继通信的距离预计值。对比结果表明,采用系留多旋翼无人机搭载战术电台构成的中继平台,可显著提升战术通信系统的通信覆盖能力,应用和发展前景广阔。     

无人机编队协同探测研究

未来战争是体系与体系的对抗;将多智能体技术和信息融合技术引入无人机编队系统中,构建出无人机编队协同探测任务规划体系和编队协同探测信息融合体系,并分析了该体系的结构.进而探讨了基于多智能体技术的无人机编队协同探测策略;此外,结合无人机编队面对突发威胁的应对措施,阐述了协同探测策略的具体应用;该研究成果对其他多作战平台系统的协同作战也有一定的借鉴意义。     

微型合成孔径雷达与多旋翼无人机的一体化遥感平台

近年来,多旋翼无人机载微型合成孔径雷达（Mini Synthetic Aperture Radar,Mini SAR）因其全天候、全天时、零伤亡、机动灵活以及低成本的特点,受到广泛关注。文章在概述多旋翼无人机载Mini＿SAR技术的基础上,提出了一种基于Mini＿SAR成像系统与多旋翼无人机（Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV）的一体化遥感系统平台。该平台针对遥感任务对系统软件和硬件做了高度集成,使得遥感任务可以高效地运行,同时可靠性大大增加,系统部署效率显著提升。该平台对无人机机载Mini＿SAR在各行业中的普及应用起到了重要推动作用。     

基于虚拟现实的四旋翼无人机控制仿真教学平台

针对现有仿真教学平台在开展对四旋翼无人机控制仿真教学时存在的问题,引入虚拟现实技术开展对四旋翼无人机控制仿真教学平台的设计研究。首先,利用MATLAB和Java设计四旋翼无人机控制仿真教学平台结构框架;其次,对平台中所需的无人机、蓝牙、通信芯片等硬件选型;最后,利用虚拟现实技术构建四旋翼无人机控制模型。通过对比实验证明,新的仿真教学平台可以实现对无人机控制飞行轨迹的直观展示,对于提高仿真教学质量具有重要的意义。     

面向监控的井下无人机集群系统与关键技术

井下监控系统通常是固定布设且布设范围有限,难以完全满足井下安全生产的动态监控需求,且井下单架无人机因无线通信距离有限,导致其监控能力较弱。针对上述问题,提出了一种面向监控的井下无人机集群系统,并从井下无人机集群飞行与规避协同控制、数据链组网、矿井巷道环境地图创建、井下无人机姿态与位置估计、动态障碍物检测、路径规划等方面详细介绍了系统实现的关键技术。地面调度中心通过设置在井下监控分站的网关节点向井下无人机集群发布调度命令,井下无人机编队采用"一"字形队列沿矿井巷道集群飞行,在进入指定区域后通过所搭载的视频传感器与环境监测传感器对井下指定区域进行监控,并通过多无人机协作方式将所监测的视频信息与环境参数传输到井下监控分站,实现对井下目标区域的自主动态监控。井下无人机集群系统具有覆盖范围广、监测能力强等优点,通过协同控制多架井下无人机提高了监控效率,通过无线多跳的方式解决了井下无人机单架平台无线通信距离受限的问题,有利于监测与控制信息的传递。     

基于激光雷达的多旋翼无人机室内定位与避障研究

近年来,多旋翼无人机室内定位与避障技术成为了多旋翼无人机研究领域的热点,也是多旋翼无人机在未知室内环境中实现自主导航、完成其他复杂任务的基础。本文通过对全局地图进行分析,找出多旋翼无人机的可飞行区域,利用时变势场法实现了多旋翼无人机的室内避障与路径规划,对室内环境下多旋翼无人机的定位和避障技术进行了研究。     

仿鹰群智能的无人机集群协同对抗飞行验证

自主能力强且低成本的无人机集群协同对抗,是无人机集群对抗中打击敌方攻击防御体系和拦截敌方入侵机群的一个重要手段.哈里斯鹰是一种集群狩猎的猛禽,集群狩猎对于哈里斯鹰获取维持生命活动所需的能量具有重要意义.从无人机集群协同对抗任务与哈里斯鹰协同狩猎行为相似性出发,本文提出一种仿鹰群智能的无人机集群协同对抗方法.首先通过分析鹰群的集群狩猎行为,建立鹰群智能行为机制,并将其映射到无人机集群协同对抗行为中;在该模型的基础上,利用李雅普诺夫导航向量场控制无人机的运动状态,使得我方无人机能够以恒定的速度收敛到预定的轨迹上,完成对敌方无人机的对抗打击;最后,搭建无人机集群验证平台,对所设计的仿鹰群无人机集群协同对抗模型进行外场飞行验证,试验结果验证了本文所设计的模型在无人机对抗环境中的可行性与有效性.     

基于多层分布式MAS的作战防御体系结构的研究

传统的数学建模方法很难充分描述军事作战系统的特点。在分析了军事作战体系及复杂系统特性的础上,结合MAS的特点．将MAS技术运用在作战防御工事中．使作战防御体系具有动态的自主性、反应性、适应性、智能化、推理能力、协作能力。又根据作战系统本身层次结构、各武器设备功能差异性及所处位置的分散性,采用了基于多层分布式多MAS结构来建构防御体系．使之更符合军事作战这个复杂系统的特性要求．体现了先进性。并给出了这个体系建构的理论框架。     

Design and Attitude Control of a Quad-Rotor Tail-Sitter Vertical Takeoff and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

In this paper, we present the development of a quad-rotor tail-sitter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that is composed of quad rotors and a fixed wing. The developed UAV can hover like a quad-rotor helicopter and can fly long distance like a fixed-wing airplane. The main wing of the developed UAV is taken from a commercially available radio-controlled airplane and other parts such as the body frame are newly developed. A microcomputer, various sensors and a battery are mounted on the UAV for autonomous flight without any support from a ground system. Attitude and altitude control systems are developed for the UAV. In order to verify the designed controller, a three-dimensional flight simulator of a quad-rotor tail-sitter UAV is developed by use of MATLAB/Simulink. This paper also describes attitude control experiments. The results show that the propeller slipstream has a negative influence on attitude control. Solutions for the negative influence of the propeller slipstream are also discussed in this paper.     

基于SIFT和TPS算法的四旋翼无人机图像自动配准

针对四旋翼无人机图像姿态倾角大、图像变形明显等特点,采用尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算法和薄板样条模型(TPS)对四旋翼无人机图像进行特征点匹配和配准实验研究,从拼接图像的目视效果和配准均方差方面比较分析了TPS模型与常用的仿射变换及多项式变换模型的图像配准效果。结果表明:在SIFT算法精确的同名点匹配下,TPS变换模型能够兼顾四旋翼无人机图像的整体刚性变形及局部的非刚性变形,无论是目视效果还是均方差定量分析,TPS变换的图像配准精度最高\,效果最好,能够满足四旋翼无人机图像的快速配准、拼接要求。     

Combining Stereo Vision and Inertial Navigation System for a Quad-Rotor UAV

This paper presents the development of a quad-rotor robotic platform equipped with a visual and inertial motion estimation system. Our objective consists of developing a UAV capable of autonomously perform take-off, positioning, navigation and landing in unknown environments. In order to provide accurate estimates of the UAV position and velocity, stereo visual odometry and inertial measurements are fused using a Kalman Filter. Real-time experiments consisting on motion detection and autonomous positioning demonstrate the performance of the robotic platform.     

四旋翼无人机控制系统仿真设计

四旋翼无人机是一种性能优越的垂直起降无人飞行器,能够实现悬停、低速飞行、垂直起降等功能,在军事和民用方面具有重要价值。针对四旋翼无人机的控制系统设计问题,首先分析介绍了四旋翼无人机飞行原理,对其建立动力学模型和运动学模型,然后进行了基于PID控制的控制系统设计,控制系统采用四通道、多闭环的控制结构,包括无人机的姿态控制与轨迹控制。在MATLAB中进行无人机控制系统仿真实现。仿真结果表明,本文所设计的控制系统,能够有效地实现四旋翼无人机的姿态控制、轨迹控制,具有良好的控制精度与响应速度。     

无人机探测与对抗技术发展及应用综述

无人机的任意使用对公共安全和个人隐私构成了极大威胁,因此近年来反无人机已成为一个非常重要的新兴领域,越来越多的研究希望通过更精确的无人机探测跟踪技术和引进新机能、新概念技术来更好地反制无人机,从而保证国防安全、公共安全和个人隐私等.基于此,对国内外反无人机技术进展进行分析总结,首先,对基于雷达、光电、无线和声传感器以及...     

Two-frame structure from motion using optical flow probability distributions for unmanned air vehicle obstacle avoidance

See-and-avoid behaviors are an essential part of autonomous navigation for Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs). To be fully autonomous, a UAV must be able to navigate complex urban and near-earth environments and detect and avoid imminent collisions. While there have been significant research efforts in robotic navigation and obstacle avoidance during the past few years, this previous work has not focused on applications that use small autonomous UAVs. Specific UAV requirements such as non-invasive sensing, light payload, low image quality, high processing speed, long range detection, and low power consumption, etc., must be met in order to fully use this new technology. This paper presents single camera collision detection and avoidance algorithm. Whereas most algorithms attempt to extract the 3D information from a single optical flow value at each feature point, we propose to calculate a set of likely optical flow values and their associated probabilities—an optical flow probability distribution. Using this probability distribution, a more robust method for calculating object distance is developed. This method is developed for use on a UAV to detect obstacles, but it can be used on any vehicle where obstacle detection is needed.     

共轴八旋翼无人飞行器的偏航静态抗饱和补偿控制

设计了一种共轴八旋翼无人飞行器,与四旋翼飞行器相比,其具有更大的驱动能力、更强的带载能力和一定的冗余能力．首先,建立了飞行器的动力学模型．针对共轴八旋翼飞行器偏航运动能力比俯仰、滚转运动能力弱,偏航容易出现执行器饱和现象的问题,从实际工程出发提出了基于线性自抗扰控制器的静态抗饱和补偿器．线性自抗扰算法易于工程调节,能够实时估计与补偿外界扰动．静态抗饱和补偿器不增加系统阶次,有效抑制偏航执行器饱和．利用李亚普诺夫稳定理论证明了基于线性自抗扰控制器的静态抗饱和偏航控制系统的稳定性．最后,通过共轴八旋翼飞行器的仿真实验与原型机比较实验验证了算法的有效性与鲁棒性．原型机实验结果表明：在室内固定干扰下,执行器退出饱和的最长时间约为4 s,偏航角误差收敛到±0.085 rad;在室外变干扰下,执行器退出饱和的最长时间约为9 s,偏航角误差收敛到±0.127 rad．基于线性自抗扰控制器的静态抗饱和补偿器在外界干扰情况下能够有效地抑制执行器饱和,具有良好的偏航控制性能与强鲁棒性．     

Hovering Flight Improvement of a Quad-rotor Mini UAV Using Brushless DC Motors

This paper present the design of a novel embedded control system for improving attitude stabilization of a quad-rotor mini UAV. The control strategy uses low cost components and includes an extra control loop based on motor armature current feedback. This additional control loop significantly improves the performance of the quad-rotor attitude stability. This technique results in a controller that is robust with respect to external disturbances as has been observed experimentally.     

Indoor UAV Control Using Multi-Camera Visual Feedback

This paper presents the control of an indoor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using multi-camera visual feedback. For the autonomous flight of the indoor UAV, instead of using onboard sensor information, visual feedback concept is employed by the development of an indoor flight test-bed. The indoor test-bed consists of four major components: the multi-camera system, ground computer, onboard color marker set, and quad-rotor UAV. Since the onboard markers are attached to the pre-defined location, position and attitude of the UAV can be estimated by marker detection algorithm and triangulation method. Additionally, this study introduces a filter algorithm to obtain the full 6-degree of freedom (DOF) pose estimation including velocities and angular rates. The filter algorithm also enhances the performance of the vision system by making up for the weakness of low cost cameras such as poor resolution and large noise. Moreover, for the pose estimation of multiple vehicles, data association algorithm using the geometric relation between cameras is proposed in this paper. The control system is designed based on the classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, which uses the position, velocity and attitude from the vision system and the angular rate from the rate gyro sensor. This paper concludes with both ground and flight test results illustrating the performance and properties of the proposed indoor flight test-bed and the control system using the multi-camera visual feedback.     

基于Unity物理引擎的多旋翼无人机仿真模型

本文主要基于Unity物理引擎, 以四旋翼无人机作为研究对象, 通过建立无人机运行模式的数学模型, 进行仿真模型研究.一方面, 通过将无人机受力模型直接应用在电机对应位置, 来仿真现实物体的受力状态, 从而免去了对模型的刚体数学建模, 简化了仿真建模过程; 另一方面, 通过分析无人机运动原理, 对无人机进行动力系统和控制系统建模, 其中控制系统采用串级PID控制算法进行姿态控制; 本文最后, 通过飞行实验和测试验证了无人机模型的稳定性、有效性, 满足了四旋翼无人机的仿真要求.