多智能体协作的两层强化学习实现方法

提出了多智能体协作的两层强化学习方法。该方法主要通过在单个智能体中构筑两层强化学习单元来实现,将该方法应用于3个智能体协作抬起圆形物体的计算机模拟中,结果表明比采用传统强化学习方法的智能体协作得更好。     

基于不完备信息预测的多智能体分布式协同

为了解决部分可观对抗环境中多智能体协同决策难题,受人大脑皮层通过记忆进行学习和推理功能启发,提出一种新的部分可观对抗环境下基于不完备信息预测的多智能体分布式协同决策框架。该框架可采用支持向量回归等多种预测方法通过历史记忆和当前观察信息对环境中不可见信息进行预测,并将预测信息和观察到的信息融合,作为协同决策的依据;再通过分布式多智能体强化学习进行协同策略学习得到团队中每个智能体的决策模型。使用该框架结合多种预测算法在典型的部分可观对抗环境中进行了多智能体协同决策的验证。结果表明,提出的框架对多种预测算法具有普适性,且在保证对不可见部分高预测精度时能将多智能体协同决策水平提升23.4%。     

一种基于多步竞争网络的多智能体协作方法

多智能体高效协作是多智能体深度强化学习的重要目标,然而多智能体决策系统中存在的环境非平稳、维数灾难等问题使得这一目标难以实现。现有值分解方法可在环境平稳性和智能体拓展性之间取得较好平衡,但忽视了智能体策略网络的重要性,并且在学习联合动作值函数时未充分利用经验池中保存的完整历史轨迹。提出一种基于多智能体多步竞争网络的多智能体协作方法,在训练过程中使用智能体网络和价值网络对智能体动作评估和环境状态评估进行解耦,同时针对整条历史轨迹完成多步学习以估计时间差分目标,通过优化近似联合动作值函数的混合网络集中且端到端地训练分散的多智能体协作策略。实验结果表明,该方法在6种场景中的平均胜率均优于基于值分解网络、单调值函数分解、值函数变换分解、反事实多智能体策略梯度的多智能体协作方法,并且具有较快的收敛速度和较好的稳定性。     

多智能体协作技术综述

本文从协作模型和研究方法两个角度考察了多智能体协作技术的发展,认为是外在的 理性形式化模型和内在的对策和学习机制是多智能体协作技术的两个重要方面．并对这两个 方面的研究和应用前景作了进一步的展望．     

多智能体同时到达多目标点的协同强化学习算法

针对动态未知环境下多智能体多目标协同问题,为实现在动态未知环境下多个智能体能够同时到达所有目标点,设计函数式奖励函数,对强化学习算法进行改进.智能体与环境交互,不断重复"探索-学习-决策"过程,在与环境的交互中积累经验并优化策略,在未预先分配目标点的情况下,智能体通过协同决策,能够避开环境中的静态障碍物和动态障碍物,同时到达所有目标点.仿真结果表明,该算法相比现有多智能体协同方法的学习速度平均提高约42.86％,同时智能体能够获得更多的奖励,可以做到自主决策自主分配目标,并且实现同时到达所有目标点的目标.     

多智能体分层强化学习综述

作为机器学习和人工智能领域的一个重要分支,多智能体分层强化学习以一种通用的形式将多智能体的协作能力与强化学习的决策能力相结合,并通过将复杂的强化学习问题分解成若干个子问题并分别解决,可以有效解决空间维数灾难问题。这也使得多智能体分层强化学习成为解决大规模复杂背景下智能决策问题的一种潜在途径。首先对多智能体分层强化学习中涉及的主要技术进行阐述,包括强化学习、半马尔可夫决策过程和多智能体强化学习;然后基于分层的角度,对基于选项、基于分层抽象机、基于值函数分解和基于端到端等4种多智能体分层强化学习方法的算法原理和研究现状进行了综述;最后介绍了多智能体分层强化学习在机器人控制、博弈决策以及任务规划等领域的应用现状。     

基于遗传算法的多智能体协作行为研究

协作问题一直是多智能体系统研究的关键问题之一,该文给出了用遗传算法来实现多智能体协作的一种方法。该方法利用遗传算法来解决当多智能体系统无法得到环境信息或得到这些信息代价过高时,如何有效地产生它们的协同运动。利用该方法,对三个智能体协作把箱子搬到目标点,然后改变目标点,让智能体继续完成协作任务进行计算机仿真,结果表明遗传算法在动态环境下实现多智能体协作方面的可行性和有效性。     

基于足球机器人决策系统的协作模型

运用多智能体系统的思想,提出了一种多智能体协作控制模型,通过对多智能体的规划提高了足球机器人系统决策系统的连贯性,系统利用改进的黑板结构有效地解决了角色分配及通信问题。通过实例分析了模型及其策略在系统协作控制方面的实用性。     

基于联合强化学习的RoboCup-2D传球策略

在传统Q学习算法基础上引入多智能体系统,提出了多智能体联合Q学习算法。该算法是在同一评价函数下进行多智能体的学习,并且学习过程考虑了参与协作的所有智能体的学习结果。在RoboCup-2D足球仿真比赛中通过引入球场状态分解法减少了状态分量,采用联合学习得到的最优状态作为多智能体协作的最优动作组,有效解决了仿真中各智能体之间的传球策略及其协作问题,仿真和实验结果证明了算法的有效性和可靠性。     

一种新的多智能体系统结构及其在RoboCup中的应用

针对机器人足球仿真比赛,提出了一种新的多智能体系统结构,它包括基于行为的双层动态智能体结构和决策算法以及基于角色的动态多智能体协作模型．论文首次提出了自信函数这个概念,并运用此概念来平衡决策算法和多智能体之间的协作．该结构应用于中南大学云麓仿真球队中,在中国机器人足球RoboCup仿真组比赛中取得了较好的成绩．     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

正~~     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate