中国自主研发的智能型水下机器人“亮相”北极科考

中国科学院沈阳自动化所自主研制的北极冰下自主／遥控海洋环境监测系统（简称“北极ARV”）,于7月11日搭乘“雪龙”号赴北极参加我国第三次北极科考。这是继2003年“海极”号ROV赴北极科考后,沈阳自动化所研制的水下机器人第二次参加北极科考活动,也将是我国极地科考中首次采用自主／遥控混合作业模式的水下机器人进行海洋环境监测作业。     

自治/遥控水下机器人北极冰下导航

针对北极高纬度和科学考察中长期冰站对海冰在一定范围内连续重复观测的需求,设计了面向冰下环境的自治/遥控水下机器人(北极ARV)导航定位系统.提出基于海冰运动修正的水下机器人自主导航方法,通过定时引入海冰运动信息,实时准确获取水下机器人相对于海冰的位置信息,这不仅提高了观测数据的实际应用价值,还提高了冰下作业的安全性.仿真试验和北极冰下应用证明这一导航系统具有精度高、稳定性好等优点.     

水下机器人便携式遥控单元设计

本文介绍了一种基于单片机与触摸屏的水下机器人便携式遥控单元设计方法,主要包括便携式遥控单元硬件结构、单片机与触摸屏之间的通信以及遥控单元软件设计等内容。通过该便携式遥控单元在北极冰下自主/遥控海洋环境监测系统中的成功应用,证明了这种遥控单元不仅具有良好的人机交互环境,而且具有体积小、操作方便、成本低和可靠性高等优点。     

中国研出新概念水下机器人 有助海洋监测

据中国科学院消息,中国科学院沈阳自动化所自主开展研发的“混合型水下机器人(ARV)关键技术研究”及“水下滑翔机器人研究”顺利通过验收。这标志着沈阳自动化所在新概念水下机器人研究方面又取得了技术突破。ARV是一种集自治水下机器人(AUV)和遥控水下机器人(ROV)技术特点于一身的新概念水下机器人。它具有开放式、模块化、可重构的体系结构和多种控制方式(自主/半自主/遥控),自带能源并携带光纤微缆,既可以作为AUV使用,进行大范围的水下调查,也可以作为ROV使用,进行小范围精确调查和作业。与传统的AUV相比,ARV可以携带机械手,增…     

微言博语

我也说几句 @中国科学报：【水下机器人：何时不再受制于人】在我国第六次北极科考中,由中科院沈阳自动化所研制的＂北极arv＂水下机器人一显身手,先后三次自主完成测量工作。水下机器人正在发挥着越来越重要的作用,但其产业化程度仍不够,而核心部件受制于人,更是成为水下机器人进一步发展的最大阻碍。     

一种输电线路巡检机器人控制系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种超高压输电线路巡检机器人控制系统的设计与实现方法．根据巡检作业任务的要求，采用遥控与局部自主相结合的控制模式实现巡检机器人沿线行走及跨越障碍．设计了巡检机器人有限状态机模型，实现了机器人遥控与局部自主控制的有机结合．采用基于激光传感器定位的方法实现了巡检机器人的自主越障控制．实验结果表明，该机器人可实现沿线行走及自主跨越障碍，从而验证了控制系统设计的有效性与合理性．     

地面机器人控制系统的研制

介绍了一种用于地面机器人自动驾驶与控制的自动控制系统，研制完成了车辆自动驾驶系统，无线通讯系统，遥控终端，计算机控制系统，软件设计与编制等任务，最后控制系统实现了对机器人的半自主加遥控运行控制，该地面机器人已经投入实际使用，实践表明，该控制系统是一种较好的，实用的控制系统。     

载人遥控水下机器人运动模糊控制

介绍载人遥控水下机器人运动模糊控制的设计思想，控制系统框图及软件控制流程。     

多线程技术在AUV自主控制系统中的应用

自主控制系统对于自主式水下机器人(简称AUV)使命执行的安全性和有效性至关重要.本文在QNX环境下利用多线程技术实现了一种AUV自主控制系统.文中介绍了AUV的混杂系统结构和自主控制原理,给出了自主控制系统的多线程结构.设计了多线程同步模块,并与QNX消息传递机制相结合实现了AUV自主控制系统线程间的同步与通信.最后在半实物仿真平台上对自主控制系统软件进行了验证.     

舵桨联合操纵水下机器人运动控制研究

水下机器人空间运动具有耦合性和非线性等特点,具有良好品质的运动控制器是水下机器人完成各种作业的前提.针对某舵桨联合操纵小型自主式水下机器人运动控制问题进行了研究.对速度,深度和艏向控制系统进行了介绍,根据控制需求,建立了水下机器人动力学模型,对执行机构进行了描述,设计了水下机器人滑模控制方案,采用变速趋近项代替一般指数...     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.