基于优化密度的耦合空间LDA文本聚类算法研究*

针对传统的空间向量模型在进行文本表示时计算相似度仅采用词频统计来表示文本以及对高维文本数据聚类效果有所下降等问题,提出一种基于优化密度的耦合空间LDA文本聚类算法。该算法利用提出的耦合空间模型和LDA主题模型线性融合计算文本相似度,并对阈值敏感问题进行优化,确定不同密度区域对应的阈值半径。实验结果表明,与改进的DBSCAN文本聚类算法和R-DBSCAN文本聚类算法相比,本文算法的文本聚类精度更高、聚类效果更优。     

一种PST_LDA中文文本相似度计算方法

为了降低中文文本相似度计算方法的时间消耗,提高文本聚类的准确率,提出了一种PST_LDA(词性标注潜在狄利克雷模型)中文文本相似度计算方法。首先,对文本中的名词、动词和其他词进行词性标注;然后,分别对名词、动词和其他词建立相应的LDA主题模型;最后,按照一定的权重比例综合这三个主题模型,计算文本之间的相似度。由于考虑了不同词性的词集对文本相似度计算的贡献差异,利用文本的语义信息提高了文本聚类准确率。将分离后的三个词集的LDA建模过程并行化,减少建模的时间消耗,提高文本聚类速度。在TanCorp-12数据集,分别用LDA方法和PST_LDA方法进行中文文本相似度计算模拟实验。实验结果显示,PST_LDA方法不仅减少了建模时间消耗,同时在聚类准确率上有一定的提高。     

基于LDA的新闻话题子话题划分方法

针对目前网络热点新闻话题中存在的难以区分一个话题下的多个子话题现象,提出一种基于LDA模型的子话题划分方法.首先应用LDA模型对新闻文档进行建模,采用贝叶斯标准方法确定最优主题个数,使LDA模型拟合文档性能达到最佳;其次针对子话题间文本相似度较高的特点,引入主题特征词相关性分析,采用改进的KL距离公式,计算新闻文档之间相似度,有效区分了文档内容相似但话题重点不同的报道;最后通过single-pass增量聚类算法进行文档聚类,实现子话题划分.实验验证了改进后的相似度计算方法的有效性,实验结果表明该方法能够有效地提高热点新闻话题子话题划分的准确率.     

基于LDA模型的新闻话题分类研究

针对部分网站中新闻话题没有分类或者分类不清等问题,将LDA模型应用到新闻话题的分类中。首先对新闻数据集进行LDA主题建模,根据贝叶斯标准方法选择最佳主题数,采用Gibbs抽样间接计算出模型参数,得到数据集的主题概率分布;然后根据JS距离计算文档之间的语义相似度,得到相似度矩阵;最后利用增量文本聚类算法对新闻文档聚类,将新闻话题分成若干个不同结构的子话题。实验结果显示表明该方法能有效地实现对新闻话题的划分。     

基于LDA模型的新闻话题分类研究

针对部分网站中新闻话题没有分类或者分类不清等问题,将LDA模型应用到新闻话题的分类中。首先对新闻数据集进行LDA主题建模,根据贝叶斯标准方法选择最佳主题数,采用Gibbs抽样间接计算出模型参数,得到数据集的主题概率分布;然后根据JS距离计算文档之间的语义相似度,得到相似度矩阵;最后利用增量文本聚类算法对新闻文档聚类,将新闻话题分成若干个不同结构的子话题。实验结果显示表明该方法能有效地实现对新闻话题的划分。     

一种融合标签语义的微博热点话题挖掘方法

由于微博文本的长度较短,直接使用隐狄利克雷分布(LDA)模型会导致特征向量高维稀疏。为此,提出一种融合标签语义的热点话题挖掘方法。利用公共块算法计算微博标签的相似度,合并标签相似度较高的微博文本。采用LDA模型对合并后的文本建模,并通过K-means聚类算法挖掘微博热点话题。实验结果表明,与针对单一微博文本建模的方法以及直接合并相同标签的方法相比,该方法的困惑度较低,挖掘热点话题的准确性较高。     

基于双语LDA的跨语言文本相似度计算方法研究

基于双语主题模型思想分析双语文本相似性,提出基于双语LDA跨语言文本相似度计算方法。先利用双语平行语料集训练双语LDA模型,再利用该模型预测新语料集主题分布,将新语料集的双语文档映射到同一个主题向量空间,结合主题分布使用余弦相似度方法计算新语料集双语文档的相似度,使用从类别间和类别内的主题分布离散度的角度改进的主题频率-逆文档频率方法计算特征主题权重。实验表明,改进后的权重计算对于基于双语LDA相似度算法的召回率有较大提高,算法对类别不受限且有较好的可靠性。     

基于LDA的多特征融合的短文本相似度计算

近年来,LDA(Latent Dirichlet()al.location)主题模型通过挖掘文本的潜在语义主题进行文本表示,为短文本的相似度计算提供了新思路。针对短文本特征稀疏,应用LDA主题模型易导致文本相似度计算结果缺乏准确性的问题,提出了基于LDA的多特征融合的短文本相似度算法。该方法融合了主题相似度因子ST(Similarity Topic)和词语共现度因子CW(Co-occurrence Words),建立了联合相似度模型以规约不同ST区间下CW对ST产生的约束或补充条件,并最终权衡了准确性更高的相似度结果。对改进后的算法进行文本聚类实验,结果表明改进后的算法在F度量值上取得了一定程度的提升。     

融合主题与语言模型的蒙古文信息检索方法研究*

摘 要: 为了从日益丰富的蒙古文信息中快速准确地检索用户需求的主题信息,提出了一种融合主题模型LDA与语言模型的方法。该方法首先对蒙古文文本建立一元和二元语言模型,得到文本的语言概率分布;然后基于LDA建立主题模型,利用吉普斯抽样方法计算模型的参数,挖掘得到文档隐含的主题概率分布;最后,计算出文档主题分布与语言分布的线性组合概率分布,以此分布来计算文档主题与查询关键词之间的相似度,返回与查询关键词主题最相关的文档。语言模型充分利用蒙古文语法特征,而主题模型LDA又具有良好的潜在语义挖掘及主题发现的泛化学习能力,从而结合两种方法更好的实现蒙古文文档的主题语义检索,提高检索准确性。实验结果表明,融合LDA模型与语言模型的方法相比单一模型体现主题语义方面取得了较好的效果。     

一种基于SA_LDA模型的文本相似度计算方法

计算文本的相似度是许多文本信息处理技术的基础。然而,常用的基于向量空间模型(VSM)的相似度计算方法存在着高维稀疏和语义敏感度较差等问题,因此相似度计算的效果 并不理想。在传统的LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation)模型的基础上,针对其需要人工确定主题数目的问题,提出了一种能通过模型自身迭代确定主题个数的自适应LDA(SA_LDA)模型。然后,将其引入文本的相似度计算中,在一定程度上解决了高维稀疏等问题。通过实验表明,该方法能自动确定模型主题的个数,并且利用该模型计算文本相似度时取得了比VSM模型更高的准确度。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.