共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 281 毫秒
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在基于Petri网建模的离散事件系统中, 提出利用局部关联信息进行约束转换, 并实现Petri网结构监控器综合的方法. 对以Parikh矢量约束形式给出的控制规范, 不可控不可观变迁会导致约束成为非法约束, 分析了不可控变迁的前向关联结构和不可观变迁的后向关联结构, 利用局部关联变迁实现对不可控和不可观变迁的间接控制, 从而将非法矢量约束转换为合法约束, 并保证初始控制规范的实现. 与基于矩阵的监控器综合方法相比, 本文的方法只需利用局部信息, 最后通过实例对该方法进行了说明. 相似文献
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Petri网的符号ZBDD可达树分析技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Petri网是一种适合于并发系统建模、分析和控制的图形工具.可达树是Petri网分析的典型技术之一,它通过标识向量集合表征系统的状态空间,组合复杂性严重制约了该分析技术可处理系统问题的规模.零压缩决策图(Zero-Suppressed Binary Decision Diagrams,ZBDD)是一种新型的数据结构,是表示和处理稀疏向量集合的一种有效技术.文章基于Petri网町达标识向量的稀疏特征,给出了Petri网分析的符号ZBDD技术,该技术通过对标识向量(状态)的布尔向量表示、可达标识向最(状态)的符号ZBDD生成,实现Petri网可达状态空间的高效符号操作和紧凑符号表示.实验表明,基于ZBDD的符号可达性分析算法能够有效处理较大规模Petri网问题. 相似文献
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可重构制造系统监督控制器的自动重构 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
提出了基于改进的网重写系统(Improved net rewriting system, INRS)的可重构制造系统(Reconfigurable manufacturing systems, RMS) Petri网监督控制器的自动重构方法, 以快速适应由市场需求变化所引起的制造系统构形的频繁变化. INRS解决了网重写系统存在的问题, 可动态调整给定Petri网模型的结构而不改变其行为属性. 以集合和图的组合形式定义了RMS的构形, 并提出了基于INRS的一类模块化、可重构的Petri网控制器的设计方法. 针对这类Petri网控制器, 提出了基于INRS的自动重构方法. 方法可将RMS构形的变化转变为INRS的图重写规则, 并作用于当前Petri网控制器, 使其快速、自动地重构为所求的新控制器. 所提出的Petri网控制器的设计与重构方法, 均从理论上保证了结果的正确性, 免校验. 仿真研究验证了方法的有效性. 相似文献
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为了解决Petri网的可达性判定问题,提出了一种基于进程验证的可达性判定方法.通过分析Petri网基本进程段子段间偏序关系,该方法提出原子进程段概念,求得原子进程段集及其偏序关系集作为可达性判定的验证对象.基于原网状态方程解向量、原子进程段T-向量的线性纯整数规划问题解,选取该解中非零分量对应的原子进程段子集作为待验进程段集,选取待验进程段间的偏序关系子集作为待验推理规则集,通过验证是否存在这两个集合上的以初始标识M0为推导初态、目的标识Md为推导终态的序列而判定(M0,Md)是否可达.分析表明该可达性判定算法的时间复杂度是依赖于原子进程段集规模的,最坏情况下不超过变迁集规模. 相似文献
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Petri网和有限自动机是离散事件动态系统的两类主要研究内容.而Petri网系统的能观性分析与判别是基于Petri网的实际系统设计、优化、监测及控制的重要基础.以往关于Petri网能观测性的研究缺乏定量化的充要判别条件.本文利用代数矩阵方法研究了带有输出的有界Petri网系统的能观性问题.首先,基于矩阵的半张量积,将带有输出的有界Petri网系统的动态行为以线性方程组的形式建立了数学模型.然后,针对初始标识和当前标识,介绍了两种能观性定义.最后,基于矩阵运算建立了关于有界Petri网系统能观性的几个充分必要条件,并给出严格证明.数值算例验证了理论结果.本文提出的方法实现了有界Petri网系统能观性的矩阵运算,易于计算机实现. 相似文献
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Control Synthesis of Petri Nets Based on S-Decreases 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Chen Haoxun 《Discrete Event Dynamic Systems》2000,10(3):233-249
A method for constructing a controller for a discrete event system modeled by a Petri net is presented in this paper. The control specification of the system is given by a set of linear inequality constraints defined on the marking of the net. The controller that forces the net to obey the constraints is an extended Petri net, which is synthesized based on minimal support S-decreases. The method can deal with general Petri nets with uncontrollable transitions, and then provides a systematic way for synthesizing net-based controllers for discrete event systems. 相似文献
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Efficient techniques exist for the design of supervisors enforcing constraints consisting of linear marking inequalities. This note shows that without losing the benefits of the prior techniques, the class of constraints can be generalized to linear constraints containing marking terms, firing vector terms, and Parikh vector terms. We show that this extended class of constraints is more expressive. Furthermore, we show that the extended constraints can describe any supervisor consisting of control places arbitrarily connected to the transitions of a plant Petri net (PN). The supervisor design procedure we propose is as follows. For PNs without uncontrollable and unobservable transitions, a direct method for the design of a PN supervisor that is least restrictive is given. For PNs with uncontrollable and/or unobservable transitions, we reduce the problem to the design of supervisors enforcing linear marking inequalities. 相似文献
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A supervisor synthesis technique for Petri net plants with uncontrollable and unobservable transitions, that enforces the conjunction of a set of linear inequalities on the reachable markings of the plant, is presented. The approach is based on the concept of Petri net place invariants. Each step of the procedure is illustrated through a running example involving the supervision of a robotic assembly cell. The controller is described by an auxiliary Petri net connected to the plant's transitions, providing a unified Petri net model of the closed-loop system. The synthesis technique is based on the concept of admissible constraints. Procedures are given for identifying all admissible linear constraints for a plant with uncontrollable and unobservable transitions, as well as methods for transforming inadmissible constraints into admissible ones. A technique is described for creating a modified Petri net controller that enforces the union of all of these control laws. The method is practical and computationally inexpensive in terms of size, design time, and implementation complexity 相似文献
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The paper contributes with an original method of designing a control for discrete event systems modeled by a class of timed Petri nets. Precisely, this work deals with the closed loop control of Timed Event Graphs (TEGs) under specifications expressed with linear marking constraints. The objective of the controller is to limit the number of tokens in some places of these TEGs. The behavior of TEGs is represented by a system of difference equations that are linear in Min‐Plus algebra and the constraints are described by a set of inequalities, which are also linear in Min‐Plus algebra. A formal approach to design control laws that guarantee compliance with these marking constraints is proposed. For this, two sufficient conditions for the existence of control laws are proposed. The computed controls are causal feedbacks, which can be represented by a set of marked and timed places. The proposed method is illustrated in two applications: a manufacturing production line and an assembly system. 相似文献
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In this paper, a deadlock prevention policy for flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) is proposed, which can obtain a maximally permissive liveness-enforcing Petri net supervisor while the number of control places is compressed. By using a vector covering approach, the sets of legal markings and first-met bad markings (FBM) are reduced to two small ones, i.e., the minimal covering set of legal markings and the minimal covered set of FBM. A maximally permissive control purpose can be achieved by designing control places such that all markings in the minimal covered set of FBM are forbidden and no marking in the minimal covering set of legal markings is forbidden. An integer linear programming problem is designed to minimize the number of control places under an assumption that a control place is associated with a P-semiflow. The resulting net has the minimal number of control places on the premise that the assumption holds, and possesses all permissive states of a plant. The only problem of the proposed method is its computational complexity that makes it inapplicable to large-scale Petri net models. An FMS example from the literature is presented to illustrate the proposed method. 相似文献
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Petri网的硬件实现 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
Petri网是异步并发现象建模的重要工具,Petri网的硬件实现将为并行控制器的设计提供有效的途径.给出了几种Petri网系统的硬件实现方法,包括带抑制弧和允许弧的C/E系统、P/T系统、T-时延Petri网系统;给出了硬件实现中非纯网的处理方法.首先讨论实现各种Petri网的逻辑电路;然后用ABEL语言对逻辑电路进行描述;最后给出了一个用解释Petri网描述的服务系统的例子,说明如何使用硬件(CPLD)实现的方法.实验结果表明了上述方法的正确性.这对于离散事件动态系统控制器的设计,尤其是片上并行控制器、多处理器芯片的设计都具有十分重要的意义. 相似文献
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Observability of place/transition nets 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We discuss the problem of estimating the marking of a place/transition (P/T) net based on event observation. We assume that the net structure is known while the initial marking is totally or partially unknown. We give algorithms to compute a marking estimate that is a lower bound of the actual marking. The special structure of Petri nets allows us to use a simple linear algebraic formalism for estimate and error computation. The error between actual marking and estimate is a monotonically nonincreasing function of the observed word length, and words that lead to error are said to be complete. We define several observability properties related to the existence of complete words, and show how they can be proved. To prove some of them, we also introduce a useful tool, the observer coverability graph, i.e., the usual coverability graph of a P/T net augmented with a vector that keeps track of the estimation error on each place of the net. Finally, we show how the estimate generated by the observer may be used to design a state feedback controller for forbidden marking specifications. 相似文献
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This paper discusses the problem of controlling a timed Petri net whose marking cannot be measured but is estimated using an observer. The control objective is that of enforcing a set of generalized mutual exclusion constraints (GMEC) and all transitions are assumed to be controllable. We show that the use of marking estimates may significantly reduce the performance of the closed-loop system and in particular may lead to a deadlock. First, we present a linear algebraic characterization of deadlock markings based on siphon analysis. Second, we show how this characterization may be used to derive a procedure that may be invoked to recover from a controller induced deadlock. Finally, we assume that the timing delays associated to transitions are known and show how this knowledge can be used to improve the marking estimate and to recover the net from partial deadlocks. This procedure is similar to the one used for deadlock recovery and may be invoked whenever a transition has not fired for a time longer than its expected delay. 相似文献