SECAM: a supervisory equipment control application model for integrated semiconductor manufacturing equipment

This paper describes SECAM (Supervisory Equipment Control Application Model), an object-oriented application prototype for SECs (supervisory equipment controller) for integrated semiconductor manufacturing equipment based on a high-level fieldbus PROFIBUS-FMS. It also features a layered architecture based on some key objects including service objects (SOs), command objects, and virtual control device (VCD) objects, which facilitate complex supervisory control application design and implementation based on highlevel fieldbus services. The proposed approach is demonstrated for a CTC for semiconductor manufacturing.     

基于RFID的单件生产实验系统的监控系统设计

采用面向对象的模块化方式对基于RFID的单件生产实验系统的上位机监控系统进行了设计,目的是通过对于该上位机监控系统的设计,能够对于生产过程进行实时控制和监控。为此通过多线程技术的应用实现了各模块的并发异步运行与通讯。文中给出了上位机与PLC通信模块,共享内存区服务模块及其访问模块,上位机与机械手控制程序通信模块,生产过程调度模块以及监控结果显示模块等5个模块的具体实现方法。系统运行良好,能够完成对整个生产过程的实时监控,证明了采用多线程技术确实可以很好地解决对于生产过程的实时控制和监控。     

Active diagnosis of discrete-event systems

The need for accurate and timely diagnosis of system failures and the advantages of automated diagnostic systems are well appreciated. However, diagnosability considerations are often not explicitly taken into account in the system design. In particular, design of the controller and that of the diagnostic subsystem are decoupled, and this may significantly affect the diagnosability properties of a system. The authors present an integrated approach to control and diagnosis. More specifically, they present an approach for the design of diagnosable systems by appropriate design of the system controller. This problem, which they refer to as the active diagnosis problem, is studied in the framework of discrete-event systems (DESs); it is based on prior and new results on the theory of diagnosis for DESs and on existing results in supervisory control under partial observations. They formulate the active diagnosis problem as a supervisory control problem where the legal language is an “appropriate” regular sublanguage of the regular language generated by the system. They present an iterative procedure for determining the supremal controllable, observable, and diagnosable sublanguage of the legal language and for obtaining the supervisor that synthesizes this language. This procedure provides both a controller that ensures diagnosability of the closed-loop system and a diagnoser for online failure diagnosis. The procedure can be implemented using finite-state machines and is guaranteed to converge in a finite number of iterations. The authors illustrate their approach using a simple pump-valve system     

Failure diagnosis and recovery based on DES framework

As many industrial systems become more complex, it becomes extremely difficult to diagnose the cause of failures. This paper presents a new failure diagnosis approach based on discrete-event systems (DES) framework. In particular, the approach is a hybrid of event-based and state-based ones leading to a simpler failure diagnoser with supervisory control capability. In our approach, we include the failure recovery events for failures in the system model in order to derive a diagnoser we refer to as a recoverable diagnoser. Further, in order to reduce the state size of the recoverable diagnoser, a procedure to construct a high-level diagnoser is presented. The design procedure for diagnoser is presented along with a pump-valve system as a illustrative example.     

基于面向对象技术的数据仓库设计与实现

介绍了数据仓库技术的概念与内容，研究了运用面向对象技术建立数据仓库系统的关键技术。以某化工企业决策支持系统为背景，给出了基于面向对象技术的数据仓库的设计方案，并对其逻辑设计，前端展现程序设计进行了探讨。     

Process objects/masked composition: an object-oriented approach formodeling and control of discrete-event systems

An object oriented framework for modeling and supervisory control of discrete-event systems is described. Control and observation masks are encapsulated with process logic to form process objects, and a single type of interconnection operator called masked composition is used to build complex process objects out of simpler component process objects. The approach applies to both deterministic and nondeterministic plant models and supervisory design. In addition to the usual benefits of object-oriented design, such as software reusability, it yields conditions under which the existence of a nondeterministic supervisor implies existence of a deterministic supervisor     

基于B/S的能源管控系统的设计与实现

分析了企业目前能源计量与管理方法,提出了基于网络和WEB技术的能源管控系统的设计方案,并阐述了其系统的组成:它包括能源数据采集子系统、计算机网络子系统和能源监控与管理子系统。利用工业控制计算机和OPC技术组成基于RS—485串行通信的采集子系统;利用WEB服务器、历史/实时数据库服务器和浏览器组成基于以太网的能源监控与管理系统。     

基于UML的监控软件系统及仿真设计

随着自动化技术的发展,控制系统的结构发生了很大的变化。工业监控软件是工业过程控制系统中的重要组织部分,担任着越来越关键和危险的工作。为了对高压水泵站进行安全监控,使用统一建模语言（UML）作为工具,采用面向对象的设计方法,在实际中为企业设计了一套高压水泵站监控系统软件。在现有软件设计方法的基础上,结合监控系统自身的特点,提出了软件设计的通用性。通用性的研究与应用具有一定的现实意义,系统的应用不仅实现了企业内的一次技术改造,消除了生产上的安全隐患,而且提高了企业的自动化整体水平,为企业最终实现计算机化建设打下了良好的基础。该套系统投入使用以来运行良好,极大的提高了企业设备的安全性和可靠性。     

一类非线性系统的积分变结构模糊自适应跟踪控制

针对一类具有未知常数控制增益的不确定非线性系统,基于变结构控制原理,并利用具有非线性可调参数的模糊系统逼近等价控制,提出一种具有监督控制器的积分变结构模糊自适应跟踪控制策略.该策略通过监督控制器保证闭环系统所有信号有界.进一步,通过引入最优逼近误差的自适应补偿项来消除建模误差的影响.理论分析证明了跟踪误差能够收敛到零.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

Fault tolerance in supervisory control systems: a knowledge-based approach

Fault tolerance in computerized systems involved in production has become an ever more important requirement. Existing fault tolerance approaches, wherever used, deal mainly with hardware faults. Nevertheless, the vast majority of contemporary system failures are software related. This paper introduces a knowledge-based approach to handling software related faults occurring in supervisory control systems. These systems are event driven and use data, stored in complex databases, to react to events coming from different kinds of devices by identifying, scheduling, initiating and monitoring operations. Failure of part of the supervisory control system's software to behave rationally when unexpected events occur is called an application fault. The approach introduced in this paper is based on a supervisory control system reference model which reveals the set of all possible application faults together with the major functions of the recovery processes associated with each fault, and leads to a high-level knowledge-based system architecture capable of handling every fault-related condition. This system is called PROFIT (Intelligent PROduction systems Fault Tolerance) and consists of three main components: the fault diagnosis module, the instant fault correction module and the learning module, co-ordinated by a PROFIT meta-level module. The prototype version of PROFIT is analysed and the development as well as the run-time environment that prove the applicability and effectiveness of the system are presented.     

可组态保安监控系统软件设计与实现

保安监控系统是一种根据应用情况需要灵活定制的系统,安对软件提出了高度的柔性可组态要求。本文运用面向对象的方法,在充分分析了系统对象和结构特点的基础上,设计了一种具有高度柔性的可组态监控系统软件体系结构,并描述了软件的实现方法和过程。     

Object-oriented CAD for Hydraulic Circuits of Pressing Machines

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面向对象程序设计在工业控制中的应用

提出了一种全新的研究方案,以一个饲料生产工艺系统为例,着力阐述了面向对象程序设计的思想,建立了饲料生产工艺流程控制的面向对象的模型。研究了面向对象的封装性、继承性和多态性及可视化软件的分层技术。结果表明,利用面向时象的方法分析和设计的饲料生产工艺流程控制系统其运行正常、稳定,仓下料从未出现超差,控制精度达到+0.2kg。     

Model-driven migration of supervisory machine control architectures

Supervisory machine control is the high-level control in advanced manufacturing machines that is responsible for the coordination of manufacturing activities. Traditionally, the design of such control systems is based on finite state machines. An alternative, more flexible approach is based on task-resource models. This paper describes an approach for the migration of supervisory machine control architectures towards this alternative approach. We propose a generic migration approach based on model transformations that includes normalisation of legacy architectures before their actual transformation. To this end, we identify a number of key concerns for supervisory machine control and a corresponding normalised design idiom. As such, our migration approach constitutes a series of model transformations, for which we define transformation rules. We illustrate the applicability of this model-driven approach by migrating (part of) the supervisory control architecture of an advanced manufacturing machine: a wafer scanner developed by ASML. This migration, towards a product-line architecture, includes a change in architectural paradigm from finite state machines to task-resource systems.     

具有模糊监督控制器的积分变结构间接自适应控制

针对一类不确定非线性系统, 基于变结构控制原理, 并利用具有非线性可调参数的模糊系统去逼近过程未知函数, 提出一种具有模糊监督控制器的积分变结构间接自适应控制方案. 该方案通过监督控制器保证闭环系统所有信号有界. 进一步, 通过引入最优逼近误差的自适应补偿项来消除建模误差的影响. 理论分析证明了跟踪误差收敛到零. 仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

Analyzing the evolutionary history of the logical design of object-oriented software

Today, most object-oriented software systems are developed using an evolutionary process model. Therefore, understanding the phases that the system's logical design has gone through and the style of their evolution can provide valuable insights in support of consistently maintaining and evolving the system, without compromising the integrity and stability of its architecture. In this paper, we present a method for analyzing the evolution of object-oriented software systems from the point of view of their logical design. This method relies on UMLDiff, a UML-structure differencing algorithm, which, given a sequence of UML class models corresponding to the logical design of a sequence of system code releases, produces a sequence of "change records" that describe the design-level changes between subsequent system releases. This change-records sequence is subsequently analyzed from the perspective of each individual system class, to produce the class-evolution profile, i.e., a class-specific change-records' sequence. Three types of longitudinal analyses - phasic, gamma, and optimal matching analysis - are applied to the class-evolution profiles to recover a high-level abstraction of distinct evolutionary phases and their corresponding styles and to identify class clusters with similar evolution trajectories. The recovered knowledge facilitates the overall understanding of system evolution and the planning of future maintenance activities. We report on one real-world case study evaluating our approach.     

基于DES监督控制理论的安全关键系统设计研究

以矿井水泵的操控系统为实例研究对象,通过对该实例的分析与设计,来阐述如何将离散事件系统(Discrete Event System)的监督控制理论应用于安全关键系统的设计,从而为系统的可靠性设计探索新的方法.     

分布式多机器人运动控制的离散事件系统方法

传统多机器人系统的运动控制主要依赖于机器人的动力学方程或运动学方程,通过求解微分方程组来获得机器人的输入控制信号.随着系统中机器人数量的增加和运行环境的复杂化,动力学方程很难描述多机器人系统的运动行为,且无法很好地解决诸如死锁等逻辑故障.本文简略综述了国内外的研究现状,重点介绍笔者所在研究组开展的关于离散事件系统方法在多机器人运动控制方面的应用性研究工作.其动机在于:1)基于离散事件系统方法的运动控制能够有效地解决系统运行过程中产生的诸如死锁等逻辑故障.首先,利用离散事件系统模型对多机器人系统的运动进行建模,从而降低计算复杂性;其次,基于所得离散事件系统模型,设计分布式安全运动控制算法,使各个机器人可以自主地、无碰撞地、无死锁地运动;设计分布式鲁棒运动控制算法,使得失效的机器人对系统的影响最小.2)基于离散事件系统方法的运动控制策略可以结合传统的基于运动学方程的运动控制方法,从而使系统不但能够避免顶层的逻辑故障,而且能够确定机器人执行器的输入信号.     

Supervisory control of automated manufacturing cells with resource failures

An important consideration in the real-time supervisory control of flexible manufacturing systems is the resource failures. These disturbances may cause pre-determined part processing sequences impossible to execute. In this paper the issue of resource failures in automated flexible manufacturing cells is addressed. Failures both during processing and in the idle mode are considered, and systematic procedures are described to re-configure the supervisor to continue operation of the system. The described supervisory controller based on finite automata formalism accommodates resource failures, while taking into consideration deadlocks and dynamic routing flexibility options when generating a set of allowable events for the real-time control of automated flexible manufacturing cells.