Ad hoc网络中能量有效路由协议的性能研究

与能量相关的路由协议被认为是ad hoe和传感器网络的有效解决方案,但一直以来都没有一个统一的能量标准来衡量路由协议的表现。文中对ad hoc网络路由中与能量有关的度量标准进行研究和分析。首先根据能量消耗的标准把能量有效的路由协议分成四种类型,分别为传输能量,剩余能量,电池的剩余生存时间和混合能量标准,然后从能量的消耗对它们仿真并根据仿真结果对这几种路由协议进行比较,可以比较出不同路由协议的性能优劣。     

容迟与容断网络中的路由协议

作为一种新型的端到端存储转发网络体系结构,容迟与容断网络(delay and disruption tolerant network)具有间歇连接、频繁割裂、时延极高、非对称的数据速率、较高的误码率、异构互连等特点,传统的Internet、移动Ad Hoc网络和传感网的路由协议难以有效应用在容迟与容断网络中,容迟与容断网络路由面临新的挑战.在简要介绍了容迟与容断网络的基本特性和路由协议设计挑战之后,提出了路由协议评估指标.然后从单播路由、组播路由和选播路由3个方面介绍了容迟与容断网络路由协议的研究进展,最后对主要路由协议进行了综合比较,并指出了未来的研究方向.     

无线Ad Hoc网络能量感知地理路由协议研究进展

无线Ad Hoc网络（以下简称为Ad Hoc网络）能量感知地理路由协议深度影响网络性能,具有降低网络能量消耗、延长网络寿命等功效,受到越来越多的关注.系统阐述了Ad Hoc网络能量感知地理路由协议的研究进展.首先介绍了Ad Hoc网络地理路由,进而详细概述了能量感知地理路由协议形成的背景、度量指标、节点选择规则、研究意义及分类;然后,详细介绍了典型能量感知地理路由协议,并从多角度对其进行了归纳总结与比较;最后,阐述了能量感知地理路由协议研究存在的问题,指出了未来需要研究的内容,并在此基础上进行总结.     

无线传感器网络安全路由协议的设计与分析

路由安全是无线传感器网络安全的关键因素,而现有的无线传感器网络路由协议在设计时都没有充分考虑安全问题。在充分考虑网络路由协议攻击方法和无线传感器网络自身特点的基础上,结合基于ID的认证密钥协商技术以及秘密共享技术,提出了无线传感器网络路由的安全策略及其设计思想。同时,在路由建立阶段增加安全机制,提出了一种较优的安全路由协议。经过安全性分析,该路由协议可防御虚假路由信息、Sybile、确认欺骗等常见攻击。     

Transport network design of integrated networks with real-time dynamic routing

Integrated real-time dynamic routing (IRR) networks provide dynamic routing features for multiple classes-of-service on an integrated transport network. In a previous Journal paper it is shown that IRR networks allow reduced network management costs since with real-time dynamic routing a number of network operations are simplified or eliminated, leading to savings in operations costs and expenses. In this paper a new algorithm is described for the transport design of IRR networks which achieves near-optimal capacity engineering. In particular, a Karmarkar Algorithm optimal solution to the linear programming flow model achieves approximately a 5 to 8 percentage point reduction in network design cost in comparison to the designs of pre-planned dynamic networks solved with heuristic design techniques. The optimization techniques described in this and the previous Journal paper attain significant capital cost reductions and network performance improvements by properly modeling the more efficient operation of IRR networks.     

Distributed routing for signal detection in wireless sensor networks

We study the problem of energy-efficient routing for signal detection in wireless sensor networks. Generic routing protocols use networking-centric measures such as minimum hop or minimum energy to establish routes. These schemes do not take into account the performance of application-specific algorithms that is achievable from the data collected by the nodes along the routes. Routing protocols for signal detection have recently been proposed to facilitate joint optimization of detection performance and energy efficiency by developing metrics that connect detection performance with energy consumption of each link along the routes. In existing routing for signal detection (RSD) schemes, however, the routes are computed centrally requiring complex optimization algorithms and global information such as locations and observation coefficients of all nodes in the network. Clearly, for large-scale networks, or networks with dynamically changing topologies, distributed routing schemes are more practical due to their better flexibility and scalability. We present a distributed RSD protocol where each node, based on locally available information, selects its next-hop with the goal of maximizing the detection performance associated with unit energy expenditure. We show that the proposed protocol is readily implementable in ZigBee networks, and present simulation results that reveal its significant improvements in detection performance and energy efficiency over generic routing protocols.     

无线传感器网络密钥管理的方案和协议

以提供安全、可靠的保密通信为目标的密钥管理方案和协议的设计是无线传感器网络安全最为重要、最为基本的研究领域.无线传感器网络固有的特性使得密钥管理研究面临许多新挑战.介绍了密钥管理的安全评价和性能评价指标体系;还介绍了密钥管理的方案和协议的分类方法;着重综述和比较了典型的密钥管理方案和协议;最后指出了存在的开放问题及解决思路.目前的研究进展表明,全分布式、自组织性、容错容侵性、与地理信息相结合等研究问题将是下一步的重点研究方向.     

基于规则引擎的无线传感器网络动态路由系统

无线传感器网络路由协议往往是针对特定的任务类型和网络状态设计的,动态路由系统可以在运行时,自适应地选择性能最优的路由协议.利用规则引擎设计了一种无线传感器网络动态路由系统.采用了模块化的设计方法,使得多路由协议共存时可以共享资源.利用规则引擎的灵活性和智能性实现路由协议的自适应切换机制.实验结果显示,在多任务网络环境下,动态路由在满足服务质量的同时可以有效地降低网络能耗.     

Management,control, and design of integrated networks with real-time dynamic routing

Integrated real-time dynamic routing (IRR) networks provide dynamic routing features for multiple classes-of-service on an integrated transport network. In this paper it is shown that IRR networks allow reduced network management costs since with real-time dynamic routing a number of network operations are simplified or eliminated. These simplifications include eliminating the storage of voluminous routing tables in the network switches, eliminating the calculation of routing tables in network design, simplifying the routing administration operations which require downloading new routing information to the network, and eliminating the automatic rerouting function in on-line traffic management. A new bandwidth allocation technique is described here which is based on the optimal solution of a network bandwidth allocation model for IRR networks. The model achieves significant improvement in both the average network blocking and node pair blocking distribution when the network is in a congested state such as under peak-day loads. In a paper to appear in the next Journal issue we further describe a new algorithm for the transport design of IRR networks which achieves near-optimal capacity engineering. These optimization techniques attain significant capital cost reductions and network performance improvements by properly modeling the more efficient operation of IRR networks.     

无线传感器网络节能路由研究

分簇结构作为一种提高能源利用率、减少网络能耗的有效途径,成为当前无线传感器网络节能路由协议的研究热点。介绍和分析了LEACH、PEGASIS和HEED三种典型节能分簇路由协议,通过对三者的综合比较总结出现有分簇路由协议存在的问题,并提出相应的解决思路。解释了要想将WiFi应用于无线传感器网络面临的困难。最后,展望了无线传感器网络路由协议未来的研究工作。     

传感器网络分层多路径路由协议

传感器网络节点在能量、存储空间和计算能力方面都受到严格限制,要延长节点的生存时间,必须设计出高效的路由协议.文章首先描述现存的传感器网络路由协议,提出基于星树结构的分层多路径路由协议(LAMP),并与其它分簇路由协议(如LEACH)作了比较.结果表明,此协议减少了节点的能量消耗,延长了网络寿命;可以很容易地形成多条互不相交的路径,提高了网络的容错能力.文章最后提出双Hash函数链方法,为LAMP协议提供安全的广播消息认证.     

无线传感器网络路由协议分类研究

无线传感器网络具有与传统网络不同的特点,且与应用高度相关。传统网络及移动自组织网络的路由协议不能有效地用于无线传感器网络,因而研究人员提出了众多的路由协议。在介绍了无线传感器网络的特点及路由协议设计的关键问题之后,总结分析了现存的路由协议的分类方法,并对各类路由协议从路由策略、路由协议的特点、性能等多方面进行了对比分析,指出了各类路由协议的优缺点及其包含的路由协议。最后总结出未来的研究热点和发展趋势。     

无线传感器网络路由协议研究

路由协议提供了从源节点到目的节点的优化路径,在无线传感器网络体系结构中至关重要。本文首先针对无线传感器网络的特点,提出了在路由协议的设计过程中需要重点考虑的性能指标,然后分析了一些当前典型的路由协议,并从拓扑结构、通信模式、路由开销等方面对这些协议进行了比较,最后结合该领域当前的研究现状指出了未来的研究趋势。     

无线移动自组织网路由协议性能研究

路由是无线移动自组织网的关键技术之一。目前已经提出的MANET路由协议有很多种，因此如何针对一定应用场景选择一个最佳的路由协议，是人们十分关心的一个问题。该文对已经通过IETF认可的三种MANET路由协议：DSR、AODV和OLSR进行了仿真对比分析。设计了大量的场景，通过对路由协议的分组传送率、端到端时延和所选路径长度等指标的比较，得出了在不同的网络环境下MANET最佳路由协议选择方案。仿真中发现同是采用按需的路由发现策略的DSR和AODV在高移动、高负荷的网络环境下的性能存在较大差异，对此原因进行了深入分析，并根据分析对DSR提出了改进方案。     

无线传感器网络路由协议比较研究

无线传感器网络路由协议一般依赖于具体应用和网络体系结构而有所不同。文章介绍了无线传感器网络路由协议设计面临的问题和挑战,对具有代表性的路由协议进行了分类和比较,并进一步提出了未来可能的研究领域。     

Understanding optimal data gathering in the energy and latency domains of a wireless sensor network

The problem of optimal data gathering in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is addressed by means of optimization techniques. The goal of this work is to lay the foundations to develop algorithms and techniques that minimize the data gathering latency and at the same time balance the energy consumption among the nodes, so as to maximize the network lifetime. Following an incremental-complexity approach, several mathematical programming problems are proposed with focus on different network performance metrics. First, the static routing problem is formulated for large and dense WSNs. Optimal data-gathering trees are analyzed and the effects of several sensor capabilities and constraints are discussed, e.g., radio power constraints, energy consumption model, and data aggregation functionalities. Then, dynamic re-routing and scheduling are considered. An accurate network model is proposed that captures the tradeoff between the data gathering latency and the energy consumption, by modeling the interactions among the routing, medium access control and physical layers.For each problem, extensive simulation results are provided. The proposed models provide a deeper insight into the problem of timely and energy efficient data gathering. Useful guidelines for the design of efficient WSNs are derived and discussed.     

基于EWMA的无线传感器网络路由度量性研究

选择有效的路由量度方法对于提高无线传感器网络的路由性能而言至关重要.本文首先通过实验研究,发现了无线传感器网络的通信链路存在着高丢失率、非对称性等特点,并分析了LQI、RSSI与收包率关系;由此提出了基于EWMA的LETX路由度量算法.最后,将此度量算法应用于AODV协议中,仿真结果表明本文提出的LETX路由量度方法是一种保证可靠性的前提下节省网络能量的量度方法,能够为无线传感器网络高效路由协议的设计提供有价值的参考.     

基于SMAC协议的无线传感网跨层性能研究

研究了分布式无线传感网SMAC协议在不同拓扑、消息到达间隔以及传输占空比下在实际路由协议中的综合性能，以及SMAC与不同路由协议配合时网络的性能．分析了支持睡眠的MAC协议对路由协议的影响，为进一步进行跨层设计提供依据．     

无线传感器网络路由协议研究进展

无线传感器网络具有与传统网络不同的特点,且与应用高度相关.传统路由协议不能有效地用于无线传感器网络,因而人们研究了众多的无线传感器网络路由协议.在介绍无线传感器网络的特点后,提出了路由协议的分类方法,然后着重分析了当前一些较为重要的路由协议的核心路由机制,并采用比较方式指出了这些路由协议的类别、特点和主要应用范围.最后总结了好的路由协议应具有的特点以及未来的研究策略与发展趋势.