基于WPKPCA和SVM的SEMG动作识别方法

为了有效提取表面肌电信号SEMG(Surface Electromyographic)的特征,更好的识别人体上肢运动模式,提出了一种小波包核主元分析(WPKPCA)和支持向量机(SVM)相结合的新方法。通过虚拟仪器采集桡侧腕屈肌和肱桡肌两路表面肌电信号,应用小波包核主元分析法对表面肌电信号进行特征提取,采用支持向量机对表面肌电信号特征数据进行分类识别。实验结果表明,采用此方法能够从表面肌电信号中识别出握拳、展拳、手腕内翻和手腕外翻4种动作,更能有效提取表面肌电信号信息,动作识别率高达98%。     

基于磁场刺激的肌电信号模式识别的研究

对于人体表面肌电（SEMG）信号提出一种新的研究方法，即在磁场刺激下，采用小波变换的方法，对从掌长肌、肱桡肌、尺侧腕屈肌和肱二头肌上采集的4路表面肌电信号进行分析，并提取其6级小波分解系数绝对值累加和的平均值作为信号的特征．构建特征矢量．输入神经网络分类器进行模式识别，经过训练能够成功地识别出握举、展拳、腕内旋、腕外旋、屈腕、伸腕、前臂内旋、前臂外旋8种运动模式．实验结果表明，该方法识别率高，所需数据量少．运算速度快，实时性好，为肌电等生物电信号的研究提供了一种新方法．     

基于PCA与核LDA的表面肌电信号特征识别

针对表面肌电信号的非线性和非平稳性等特点,提出了一种主元分析与核LDA判别分析相结合的表面肌电信号特征识别新方法;通过虚拟仪器采集桡侧腕屈肌和肱桡肌两路表面肌电信号,并提取其特征参数平均绝对值和均方根,采用主元分析法对表面肌电信号特征参数进行压缩降维,应用核LDA判别分析法对降维后的数据进行分类识别;经过实验表明,该方法将表面肌电信号的特征参数由4维降到2维,减小了数据的冗余度,能够成功的从表面肌电信号中识别握拳、展拳、手腕内翻和手腕外翻四种动作,识别率高达96%。     

基于LLE和SVM的手部动作识别方法

为了提高人体手部动作的识别性能,针对高维特征数据给模式识别带来的问题,提出了一种基于局部线性嵌入(LLE)算法和支持向量机(SVM)的模式识别方法.该方法从肱桡肌和尺侧腕屈肌上采集两路表面肌电信号(sEMG),通过对样本信号的时域分析和小波分析,提取原始信号的特征,构造特征矢量.再利用LLE算法对原始特征数据进行降维,挖掘出具有内在规律的低维特征.将降维后的特征数据输入SVM分类器进行4种动作的模式识别.实验表明:此方法可以有效、准确地对人体手部动作进行分类.     

一种基于HHT和AR模型的手部运动模式识别方法

为了实现基于表面肌电信号(SEMG)的手部动作运动模式识别,提出一种Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)和自回归(AR)模型相结合的特征提取算法.该方法依据HHT后各层固有模态函数(IMF)的瞬时频率定义每层IMF的频率有效度,由频率有效度选取6层平稳的IMF,同时考察具有最大频率有效度的IMF,并以该IMF的瞬时幅值确定动作信号的起止点.对6层IMF中的动作信号建立AR模型提取手部运动模式的特征向量.提取主成分后,将降维的动作特征向量输入SVM分类器,实现基于SEMG信号的手部多运动模式的识别,对伸腕、屈腕、握拳、展拳4种手部动作的识别实验表明,该方法的识别正确率可达91%.     

基于WPT和LDA的表面肌电信号特征识别方法

针对时域特征参数在表面肌电信号(SEMG)模式识别过程中的局限性,提出一种小波包变换(WPT)和线性判别分析(LDA)相结合的新方法;通过虚拟仪器采集桡侧腕屈肌和肱桡肌两路表面肌电信号,应用小波包变换对表面肌电信号进行多尺度分解,提取小波包系数并计算其均方根作为特征参数,应用线性判别分析对表面肌电信号数据进行分类识别;实验结果表明,采用此方法成功地从表面肌电信号中识别握拳、展拳、手腕内翻和手腕外翻4种动作,与时域参数相比,此方法更能有效提取表面肌电信号信息,且有较高的动作识别率,识别率高达98.2%。     

基于表面肌电信号形态特征的多模式识别研究

为提高肢体运动模式识别率,基于肌电信号的产生机理提出了选用信号的形态特征实现肌电信号模式识别的新方案。方案以分形理论中关联维及分维数的概念分别表征肌电信号的复杂度及自相似性,其中关联维的计算采用了一种改进的G-P算法、即G-P关联维逼近法;在手部动作模式识别中,以关联维和分维数作为表面肌电信号的特征向量,分类器采用由对支持向量机构造的二叉树结构多类分类器。针对手部张开、合拢及腕伸、腕屈4种运动模式的识别实验,该方法的正确识别率达到了91.0%,已具备一定的实用性。     

基于小波包变换的肌电信号特征提取

本文提出一种新的基于小波包变换的特征提取方法,提取表面肌电信号进行小波包变换后得到的信号的协方差矩阵的特征值的最大值作为特征值。利用该方法对表面肌电信号提取特征值构建特征矢量,送入Elman神经网络对手部6种动作模式进行识别,在Matlab平台上进行实验仿真。实验结果表明,该方法取得了很好的识别效果。     

基于小波变换的肌电信号识别方法研究

针对肌电信号的非平稳特性,采用小波变换方法对表面肌电信号进行分析,提取小波系数最大值构造特征矢量输入神经网络分类器进行模式识别,经过训练能够成功地从掌长肌和肱桡肌采集的两道表面肌电信号中识别展拳、握拳、前臂内旋、前臂外旋四种运动模式。实验表明,基于小波变换的神经网络分类方法所需的数据短、运算快,对于肌电假肢的控制具有良好的应用前景。     

基于人工鱼群算法优化SVM的手部动作sEMG识别

为了提高人体手部运动模式识别的准确性,提出了一种基于人工鱼群算法优化支持向量机( SVM)的模式识别方法.该方法对采集的表面肌电信号( sEMG)去噪后提取小波系数最大值作为特征样本,将提取后的特征输入到SVM进行动作模式识别,同时采用人工鱼群算法优化SVM( AFSVM)的惩罚参数和核函数参数,避免参数选择的盲目性,提高模型的识别精度.通过对内翻、外翻、握拳、展拳四种动作仿真结果表明:该方法与传统的SVM方法相比具有更高的识别率.     

Limitations of nonlinear PCA as performed with generic neuralnetworks

Kramer's (1991) nonlinear principal components analysis (NLPCA) neural networks are feedforward autoassociative networks with five layers. The third layer has fewer nodes than the input or output layers. This paper proposes a geometric interpretation for Kramer's method by showing that NLPCA fits a lower-dimensional curve or surface through the training data. The first three layers project observations onto the curve or surface giving scores. The last three layers define the curve or surface. The first three layers are a continuous function, which we show has several implications: NLPCA "projections" are suboptimal producing larger approximation error, NLPCA is unable to model curves and surfaces that intersect themselves, and NLPCA cannot parameterize curves with parameterizations having discontinuous jumps. We establish results on the identification of score values and discuss their implications on interpreting score values. We discuss the relationship between NLPCA and principal curves and surfaces, another nonlinear feature extraction method.     

人手运动状态的识别

提出了一种新的模式分类方法,该分类法采用小波变换和李雅普诺夫指数构造特征矢量,利用Elman神经网络在非线性建模方面的优势,构建前馈神经网络,以此进行特征分类。通过对前臂伸肌、屈肌以及旋前肌采集的肌电信号的处理分析,有效地实现了对握拳、展拳、手腕内旋和手腕外旋4种动作模式的识别。结果表明该分类器有较高的识别准确率和更稳定的再现性。     

一种基于WPT和LVQ神经网络的手部动作识别方法

针对表面肌电信号(SEMG)的手部动作识别,提出一种采用小波包变换(WPT)和学习向量量化(LVQ)算法的神经网络分类器。对SEMG信号进行基于熵准则的最优小波包基分解得到各个节点分解系数,计算信号各个节点相应子频段的系数能量,归一化处理后的特征向量输入LVQ神经网络,实现基于SEMG的手部动作识别。实验结果表明,采取两路SEMG信号,该分类器能有效识别伸腕、屈腕、展拳和握拳4种动作模式,达到96%的识别率,能可靠应用于2个自由度肌电假手的控制。     

基于神经网络的非线性PCA方法

由于普通的主元分析（PCA）方法无法提取数据中的非线性相关特性,本文提出了一种基于神经网络的非线性PCA（NIPCA）方法,不仅提取了高维原始数据的线性信息还能提取非线性信息。在此基础上进一步提出了样本中显著误差及劣点的检测方法,从而支持对其进行合理剔除或是修正,仿真试验表明它能有效地减小误差点对网络训练精度的影响,大大增强了算法的鲁棒性。     

改进的P SO-SVM在表面肌电信号模式识别中的研究

为了提高表面肌电信号的遥操作机械手运动模式识别率,设优化支持向量机(IPSO-SVM).该方法首先简化PSO的位置和速度公式,然后提出ESE状态估计策略判断算法的"早熟"收敛,最后对6类手臂运动模式(握拳、展拳、内旋、外旋、屈腕、伸腕)进行分类并与另外4个测试算法的分类结果进行比较.实验结果表明:IPSO-SVM算法的平均准确率为93.75%,而传统SVM算法的平均准确率为70.21%;算法的训练时间和泛化时间都有明显的提高;具有较强的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力.因此IPSO-SVM算法可以很好的解决表面肌电信号的动作模式分类问题,具有很好的应用价值.     

Character motion synthesis by principal component analysis and motion control interface by hands

In this paper, we propose an interactive character motion control interface that uses hands. Using their hands and fingers, the user can control a large number of degrees of freedom at the same time. We applied principal component analysis to a set of sample poses and assigned the extracted principal components to each degree of freedom of the hands (such as the hand positions and finger bending/extending angles). The user can control the blending weights of the principal components and deform the character's pose by moving their hands and bending/extending their fingers. We introduced pose and action controls, so that we can alter the standing pose and perform various actions with deformations. So that various types of actions were possible, we constructed a number of action models in advance. We introduced action model selection and action execution mechanisms. We developed methods for computing the feature vector, for applying principal component analysis, and for pose and action synthesis. In addition, we introduced a pose transition method for performing a step motion when necessary to prevent foot sliding. We present our experimental results and demonstrate the effectiveness of our interface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of handle angle and work orientation on hammering: I. Wrist motion and hammering performance

This research investigated the range of wrist motion characteristics associated with the ergonomic principle of "bending the tool and not the wrist" as applied to the hammer. It is thought that bending the tool reduces angular wrist motion, which has been shown in the literature to be a risk factor in hand/wrist disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome and tenosynovitis. Hammer handles angled at 0 (straight), 20, and 40 deg were investigated in this study. For novices, hammer handles bent at 20 and 40 deg resulted in less total ulnar deviation than straight hammers. However, there was a trade-off in beginning and ending positions of the wrist in that the angled hammers reduced ulnar deviation at the impact position but increased radial deviation at the starting position of a hammer stroke. Handle angle did not significantly affect hammering performance. Wrist motion was affected minimally by hammering orientation, but hammering performance was significantly worse in the wall orientation compared with the bench orientation. This research suggests that for novice users, hammers with handles bent in the range of 20 to 40 deg could possibly decrease the incidence of hand/wrist disorders caused by hammering.     

Integrated features and GMM Based Hand Detector Applied to Character Recognition System under Practical Conditions

Detection of bare-hand under non-ideal conditions is a challenging task. Most of the existing hand detection systems are developed under limited environmental constraints. In this study, a robust two-level bare-hand detector is integrated with a 58 keyboard characters recognition model. At first, the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based foreground detector is used to segment the region of interest (ROI), which is further classified using Color-texture and texture based models to detect the actual fist. The detected hand is tracked using modified Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi (KLT) tracker to generate the required trajectory points of the character. The feature space for character recognition consists of existing features and three new features, namely, Local Geometrical Area Ratio (LGAR), Area of two halves (ATH), Curve-Area feature (CAF) that are extracted from the trajectory points. Feature space is optimized using statistical analysis algorithms. Multi-factor analysis of individual character subsets such as alphabets, numbers, ASCII characters, etc., are carried out using multiple conventional classifiers along with Support vector machine (SVM), extreme learning machine (ELM), artificial neural network (ANN), and proposed Neuro-fuzzy classifiers. The proposed GMM based motion detection method achieves an accuracy of 100% during the segmentation of ROI, followed by an increase of 46.77% in the accuracy of two-level hand detection under non-ideal conditions. Maximum accuracy of 58 character system using proposed features and ANN classifier is observed to be 92.56%.