局部范围受限的多类型最近邻查询

多类型最近邻查询在现实中的应用范围比传统的最近邻查询广泛.基于多类型最近邻查询,提出局部范围受限的多类型最近邻查询(PCMTNN)概念,针对范围约束是任意简单多边形区域的数据集给出PCMTNN算法,利用椭圆最小外切矩形的易求性和与椭圆本身覆盖区域的最近似性特点缩小了搜索范围,并用一个链表结构实现了在一次R树的遍历过程中找到包含在所有搜索区域内的数据集中点的过程,从而大幅度减少了无用点的访问数量.实验结果分析表明算法具有较好的性能.     

一种新的面向集合的空间关键字查询方法

面向集合的空间关键字查询处理是数据库领域近年来的热点研究课题.针对已有查询的不足,定义一种新的描述集合质量的Cost函数,提出一种新的面向集合的空间关键字查询方法,并证明基于该Cost函数的查询问题是NP完全问题.对于给定的对象数据集D={o1,o2,…,on},q为包含位置信息和关键字集合的查询点,查询返回的是在对象数据集D中,既满足查询点q的全部关键字,又能成为q的近邻且较紧凑的对象集合.为处理该查询,利用最小圆覆盖包含全部关键字的对象集合,并采用有效的裁剪策略分别实现了该查询的近似查询算法和精确查询算法.最后通过实验验证了所提算法的有效性.     

面向存在不确定对象的组最近邻查询方法

组最近邻查询是空间对象查询领域的一类重要查询,通过该查询可找到距离给定查询点集最近的空间对象.由于图像分辨率或解析度的限制等因素,空间对象的存在不确定性广泛存在于某些涉及图像处理的查询应用中.这些对象位置数据的存在不确定性会对组最近邻查询结果产生影响.本文给出面向存在不确定对象的概率阈值组最近邻查询定义,设计了高效的查询处理机制,通过剪枝优化等手段提高概率阈值组最近邻查询效率,并进一步提出了高效概率阈值组最近邻查询算法.采用多个真实数据集对概率阈值组最近邻算法进行了实验验证,结果表明所提算法具有良好的查询效率.     

面向不确定图的k最近邻查询

生物网络、社会网络、交际网络等复杂的网络被广泛的研究,由于数据抽出时引入的噪声和错误使这些数据具有不确定性,因此可以对这些应用使用不确定图模型建模,k最近邻查询问题是查询一个图上的距离某个特定点最近的k个邻居节点的问题,它是不确定图上的一个基础问题.设计了一个解决不确定图上最近邻问题的框架,首先定义了一种新颖的不确定图上的k最近邻查询,然后提出了针对该查询的一般处理算法,同时对该算法进行了优化,使算法效率得到极大提高.理论分析和实验结果表明提出的算法能够高效地处理不确定图上的k最近邻查询.     

受限网络移动对象的概率最近邻查询

基于自由空间移动对象概率最近邻查询,给出受限网络移动对象概率最近邻(CNPNN)查询概念,提出一种基于网络概率Voronoi图的CNPNN查询算法.利用基于网络距离的概率度量得到不确定数据的网络概率Voronoi单元,建立网络概率Voronoi 图覆盖受限网络.使用对点查询具有优势的R+树,对不确定数据的网络概率Voronoi单元进行索引,减少搜索时间.确定查询对象所在网络Voronoi单元,得到查询对象最可能的最近邻.实验结果表明,该算法时间复杂度为O(n2+mlogmn),在一定条件下具有较好的性能.     

球面上的K最近邻查询算法

针对球面上数据对象点集的特征和K最近邻查询的需求,提出2种处理球面上K最近邻查询的算法:基于查询轴的K最近邻查询算法(PAM方法)和基于查询圆面的K最近邻查询算法(PCM方法).对2种算法进行实验比较,结果表明,PAM方法和PCM方法都适合处理球面上的最近邻查询问题,PAM方法在存储量和查询复杂度方面相对于PCM方法具...     

面向不确定数据的概率障碍k聚集最近邻查询

针对现有方法无法有效处理不确定数据的障碍k聚集最近邻查询问题的不足,提出了基于不确定Voronoi图的概率障碍k聚集最近邻查询(probabilistic obstacle k aggregate nearest neighbor query,POk ANN)方法。该方法分为3个阶段,分别是查询点集处理阶段、过滤阶段和精炼阶段。在处理阶段,计算查询点集的最小覆盖圆圆心q,为剪枝做准备。过滤阶段针对3种聚集函数设计了不同的过滤算法,去除不可能成为结果的数据点进而得到候选集合。精炼阶段将候选集合中概率值大于给定阈值的k个数据点集合存入结果集合并返回给用户。理论研究和实验表明,所提出的方法在概率障碍k聚集最近邻查询方面有明显的优势。     

Voronoi图的构建与受限区域内的最近邻查询方法研究

Voronoi图在空间数据查询、数据挖掘、图像处理、模式识别和智能交通管理等方面具有重要的作用。为了简化构建的复杂性和提高构建效率,基于分治法、启发式局部优化策略和局部数据点的扫描线动态更新策略,提出了基于凸包的Voronoi图生成方法,给出了Create_Voronoi()算法。进一步,为了弥补已有近邻查询方法无法处理受限区域内的最近邻查询的不足,基于Voronoi图研究了受限区域内的同质和异质最近邻查询方法,分别提出了TVor_NN()算法和YVor_NN()算法。理论研究和实验分析表明,提出的研究方法在Voronoi图的构建和受限范围的最近邻查询等方面具有较大的优势。     

基于不确定数据的top-k概率相互最近邻查询*

不确定数据上的概率相互最近邻查询具有重要的实际应用,针对目前关于这方面的研究尚少,提出了不确定数据上的概率相互最近邻的top-k查询算法。首先对问题进行描述与定义,其次总结可行的裁剪规则,从而裁剪查询对象中未计算的实例点。通过实验表明,该算法能有效地降低最近邻查询中的I/O开销,提高查询的响应速度。     

障碍环境中可视反向视域K最近邻查询

在障碍环境下的空间应用中,用户通常只对视域范围内可视的数据对象感兴趣。为解决障碍环境中视域范围内的反向最近邻查询问题,将视域可视性引入到反向K最近邻查询中,提出一种可视反向视域K最近邻查询算法。给定某空间数据集P、障碍集O和查询点q,可视反向视域K最近邻查询检索P中数据点,并将q作为可视视域K最近邻。应用查询点进行障碍过滤,得到障碍过滤算法,利用数据对象的视域进行剪枝,使用查询点与数据对象的关系剪枝,形成有效的障碍剪枝规则,并根据剪枝规则得到视域可视性判断算法。在此基础上,分别基于R^*-树和VFR-树提出可视反向视域K最近邻查询算法R^*-V2-RKNN和VFR-V2-RKNN,并分别通过对R^*-树和VFR-树进行一次遍历得到查询结果。在真实数据集和模拟数据集上的实验结果表明,VFR-V2-RKNN算法的查询性能明显优于R^*-V2-RKNN算法。     

Reverse Nearest Neighbor Search in Metric Spaces

Given a set {cal D} of objects, a reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) query returns the objects o in {cal D} such that o is closer to a query object q than to any other object in {cal D}, according to a certain similarity metric. The existing RNN solutions are not sufficient because they either 1) rely on precomputed information that is expensive to maintain in the presence of updates or 2) are applicable only when the data consists of "Euclidean objects” and similarity is measured using the L_2 norm. In this paper, we present the first algorithms for efficient RNN search in generic metric spaces. Our techniques require no detailed representations of objects, and can be applied as long as their mutual distances can be computed and the distance metric satisfies the triangle inequality. We confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods with extensive experiments.     

基于TPU-tree的Skyline分支定界查询算法(英文)

提出了一种新的限定性skyline查询理念,并给出了高效的处理技术。分支定界方法是当前skyline查询处理效率较高的技术之一,在一种不确定移动对象的索引策略TPU-tree之上,基于分支定界方法提出了B2CPS可限定性skyline查询处理算法。实验结果表明,提出的基于TPU-tree的B2CPS算法可以很大程度地提高限定性skyline查询的效率,在移动对象频繁更新的情况下亦能保持较高的查询性能,因此具有较好的实用价值。     

Visible Reverse k-Nearest Neighbor Query Processing in Spatial Databases

Reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) queries have a broad application base such as decision support, profile-based marketing, resource allocation, etc. Previous work on RNN search does not take obstacles into consideration. In the real world, however, there are many physical obstacles (e.g., buildings) and their presence may affect the visibility between objects. In this paper, we introduce a novel variant of RNN queries, namely, visible reverse nearest neighbor (VRNN) search, which considers the impact of obstacles on the visibility of objects. Given a data set P, an obstacle set O, and a query point q in a 2D space, a VRNN query retrieves the points in P that have q as their visible nearest neighbor. We propose an efficient algorithm for VRNN query processing, assuming that P and O are indexed by R-trees. Our techniques do not require any preprocessing and employ half-plane property and visibility check to prune the search space. In addition, we extend our solution to several variations of VRNN queries, including: 1) visible reverse k-nearest neighbor (VRkNN) search, which finds the points in P that have q as one of their k visible nearest neighbors; 2) delta-VRkNN search, which handles VRkNN retrieval with the maximum visible distance delta constraint; and 3) constrained VRkNN (CVRkNN) search, which tackles the VRkNN query with region constraint. Extensive experiments on both real and synthetic data sets have been conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed algorithms under various experimental settings.     

Efficient processing of probabilistic group subspace skyline queries in uncertain databases

Due to the pervasive data uncertainty in many real applications, efficient and effective query answering on uncertain data has recently gained much attention from the database community. In this paper, we propose a novel and important query in the context of uncertain databases, namely probabilistic group subspace skyline (PGSS) query, which is useful in applications like sensor data analysis. Specifically, a PGSS query retrieves those uncertain objects that are, with high confidence, not dynamically dominated by other objects, with respect to a group of query points in ad-hoc subspaces. In order to enable fast PGSS query answering, we propose effective pruning methods to reduce the PGSS search space, which are seamlessly integrated into an efficient PGSS query procedure. Furthermore, to achieve low query cost, we provide a cost model, in light of which uncertain data are pre-processed and indexed. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed approaches.     

路网中互近邻查询处理方法

提出路网中的互近邻查询问题.给定路网G(V,E),对象集P,查询点q,近邻数k1和k2,互近邻查询返回既是q的k1近邻,又是q的反k2近邻的对象集.为解决该问题,首先提出基础算法,即先求出查询点q的k1近邻作为候选,再验证这些候选是否为真正的结果.然后,在此基础上提出了优化算法,根据落在对象点与查询点最短路径边上的标记点个数直接排除掉一些错误的候选对象.最后,通过实验验证了优化算法的有效性.     

利用卷积神经网络改进迭代深度学习算法的图像识别方法研究

针对图像识别算法中图像集上几何曲面的特定分类会导致判别信息丢失的问题,提出一种融合卷积神经网络的改进型迭代深度学习算法(IIDLA)。该算法采用混合卷积网(PCL)进行底层的平移不变特征学习,以层次化的方式迭代应用卷积神经网络(CNN)对输入图像集的不同非线性特征进行学习。算法的图库和查询实例中包括了不同视角、背景、面部表情、解析度和照明度的人脸或物体图像集。采用数据集将提出的算法与其他算法进行评估对比,实验结果表明,提出的算法在被测数据集上的性能最优。     

Efficient mining of skyline objects in subspaces over data streams

Given a set of k-dimensional objects, the skyline query finds the objects that are not dominated by others. In practice, different users may be interested in different dimensions of the data, and issue queries on any subset of k dimensions in stream environments. This paper focuses on supporting concurrent and unpredictable subspace skyline queries over data streams. Simply to compute and store the skyline objects of every subspace in stream environments will incur expensive update cost. To balance the query cost and update cost, we only maintain the full space skyline in this paper. We first propose an efficient maintenance algorithm and several novel pruning techniques. Then, an efficient and scalable two-phase algorithm is proposed to process the skyline queries in different subspaces based on the full space skyline. Furthermore, we present the theoretical analyses and extensive experiments that demonstrate our method is both efficient and effective.     

基于不确定理论的不确定性数据Top-k查询计算

在不确定性数据集中,基于参数化排名函数的Top-k查询研究近年来备受关注。给出了一种新的解决方法,该方法将不确定性数据集中的元组建模为不确定网络,将有序元组的Top-k查询等价转化为相应样本图中边的不确定测度关系,并对样本图依据所包含边的排序位置进行分类,从而 将不确定性数据中基于参数化排名函数的Top-k查询等价转换为依Top-k值不同的有限查询。本算法避免了计算所有元组在样本图中的排名不确定测度值,提高了不确定图的Top-k查询计算效率。 理论分析和实验结果表明,提出的Top-k查询算法能够从非确定角度解决不确定性数据的Top-k查询计算问题。     

Efficient processing of probabilistic reverse nearest neighbor queries over uncertain data

Reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) search is very crucial in many real applications. In particular, given a database and a query object, an RNN query retrieves all the data objects in the database that have the query object as their nearest neighbors. Often, due to limitation of measurement devices, environmental disturbance, or characteristics of applications (for example, monitoring moving objects), data obtained from the real world are uncertain (imprecise). Therefore, previous approaches proposed for answering an RNN query over exact (precise) database cannot be directly applied to the uncertain scenario. In this paper, we re-define the RNN query in the context of uncertain databases, namely probabilistic reverse nearest neighbor (PRNN) query, which obtains data objects with probabilities of being RNNs greater than or equal to a user-specified threshold. Since the retrieval of a PRNN query requires accessing all the objects in the database, which is quite costly, we also propose an effective pruning method, called geometric pruning (GP), that significantly reduces the PRNN search space yet without introducing any false dismissals. Furthermore, we present an efficient PRNN query procedure that seamlessly integrates our pruning method. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed GP-based PRNN query processing approach, under various experimental settings.