基于空间锥角的RBF神经网络二维DoA估计

提出一种有效的RBF神经网络二维DoA降维训练方法.利用空间锥角分别对L阵列的两条直线阵进行RBF神经网络模型训练,通过已构建的两个模型对未知来波的空间锥角进行估计,两个空间锥角对应的两个空间半锥面形成的相交线就是来波入射路径.仿真实验结果表明所提方法能有效缩减训练样本集,并能极大降低模型构建的复杂度,而且具备很高的二维来波估计精度,具有广阔的工程应用前景.     

无向双环网络的新直径公式

无向双环网络G(N;±s₁,±s₂)是一种度为4的Cayley图。研究了无向双环网络的L-型瓦的4个参数与xs₁+ys₂≡0modN的最小非负解和最小交叉解的关系,从而通过L-型瓦的4个参数可以得出无向双环网一种新的直径公式。     

结合分块DCT系数及其统计特征的人脸识别

提出了一种基于分块DCT系数及其统计特征的人脸识别算法。对图像进行分块,对每一块进行DCT变换,选择低频部分的系数作为识别的特征,将每一块分解为一幅低通滤波图和一个包含DCT高频系数的反L型块;分别对这两块求其均值、方差和熵这三个统计特征;利用支持向量机(SVM)和最近邻分类器对这些特征进行分类识别。在ORL、Yale人脸数据库上的仿真实验表明,使用基于分块DCT系数及其统计特征可达到较高的识别率。     

L形方块完全覆盖俄罗斯方块图形的条件

俄罗斯方块游戏很有趣味性,游戏吸引人的地方在于几个不规则的图形变化。那不规则图形能否完全覆盖全部空间呢,在理论上能得到结论吗?文中试着对L形方块入手,从理论上给出它能充满游戏空间的条件。     

高分辨率SAR图像建筑物三维成像几何结构分析

随着SAR分辨率的不断提高,建筑物在SAR图像上表现出越来越明显的几何结构特征,这些特征为重建建筑物三维模型提供了重要的信息。主要论述了建筑物在SAR图像上的成像几何结构,并给出了利用SAR图像上建筑物L型的叠掩结构反演建筑物三维结构的理论基础和方法,最后通过实验证明了该方法的可行性。     

Arbitrary-level hanging nodes and automatic adaptivity in the hp-FEM

In this paper we present a new automatic adaptivity algorithm for the hp-FEM which is based on arbitrary-level hanging nodes and local element projections. The method is very simple to implement compared to other existing hp-adaptive strategies, while its performance is comparable or superior. This is demonstrated on several numerical examples which include the L-shape domain problem, a problem with internal layer, and the Girkmann problem of linear elasticity. With appropriate simplifications, the proposed technique can be applied to standard lower-order and spectral finite element methods.     

双优双环网络G(N; 1, s)的分布仿真

在直角坐标系下的一族有向双环网络 中,研究双优双环网络 的L形图形特征及其分布特性。该网络的直径、平均距离均达到最小值。计算4≤N≤1 000中任意N存在的双优双环网络个数 ,仿真4≤N≤1 000的n-N紧优分布图,发现n-N分布呈现平稳的波动特性, 不随 递增。     

A new method for detecting data matrix under similarity transform for machine vision applications

Data matrices are widely used in the automotive, aerospace and computer manufacturing industries. In industry, they are used to identify objects used in process control. In this paper, we focus on detecting data matrices where a camera is configured to see it in a perpendicular direction that is typical in machine vision applications. In this case, the image projection can be modeled as a similarity transform. Data matrices are attached or marked by laser on the surface of objects, and have L-shaped solid lines which act as references for decoding. Under a similarity transform, distances from the center of a data matrix to each side of the L-shape are equal. This symmetric property is used to detect a data matrix, and experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.     

A novel high degree of freedom sparse array with displaced multistage cascade subarrays

The coprime array is a recently developed sparse array that is widely used in direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. The degree of freedom (DOF) for existing coprime arrays relies on the virtual array model, which is limited to the array structure. Furthermore, the continuous virtual array aperture is restricted. This paper aims to propose a novel high DOF sparse array with displaced multistage cascade subarrays to further increase the length of the continuous virtual array and improve the DOF. Through cascading and separating the same sparse arrays, the continuous virtual array aperture is improved and the accuracy of the direction-of-arrival estimation is increased. It is proved that the range of the displaced distance for the maximized continuous virtual array can be obtained. The comparison between the array configuration presented in this paper and the existing common arrays are analyzed. The simulation experiments show that, compared with the uniform array, the coprime array, the nested array, and the coprime array with displaced subarrays (CADiS), the sparse array configuration proposed in this paper can significantly increase the aperture of the continuous virtual array, greatly improve the array DOF and the DOA estimation accuracy, and effectively estimate the DOA of multiple sources in underdetermined conditions.     

均匀圆阵阵元缺损对阵列方向图影响的分析

阵列中阵元接收信号按照一定加权方式合成,使波束方向图指向期望信号同时抑制其他方向的干扰信号。但是当阵列中有阵元缺损时,会对阵列方向图产生一定影响。本文分析并仿真了均匀加权情况下,均匀圆阵无缺损的波束方向图,同时对比了具有相同波束指向的均匀圆阵和均匀线阵在缺损阵元位于不同位置的波束方向图。仿真表明缺损一个阵元后,均匀加权的均匀圆阵性能下降较多。而当缺损阵元位于不同阵列不同位置时,对均匀线阵影响有较大不同,但是对均匀圆阵的影响则相差不多。     

十字形二维稀疏混合MIMO相控阵雷达收发阵列设计

针对二维混合多输入多输出(MIMO)相控阵雷达发射子阵分割带来的自由度损失进而影响雷达系统参数估计性能的问题,提出一种基于十字阵的二维稀疏混合MIMO相控阵雷达收发阵列设计方法.首先,结合稀疏阵列-共轭嵌套阵对混合MIMO相控阵雷达的收发端进行稀疏设计;其次,对混合MIMO相控阵雷达产生的合阵进行做差处理,得到阵元位置差的差异阵列;最后,通过空间平滑处理进行波达方向估计.仿真实验表明,相较于传统的二维混合MIMO相控阵雷达,所提出方法仅利用两个互相垂直的一维线阵便可形成阵列的二维平面扩展,同时,在不增加阵元个数的前提下可有效扩展雷达阵列虚拟阵元数目,提高阵列的自由度以及波达方向估计性能.     

声传感器阵列的实验研究

海洋中对目标的判决主要依靠于水听器阵列对水声信号的检测。为了对比声压阵与矢量阵对信号的检测能力,首先计算机仿真了声压阵和矢量阵的增益及其对目标方位的估计,而后加以实验验证。实验结果表明,矢量阵的增益高于声压阵,且其克服了声压阵左、右舷模糊的问题,能精确的对目标方位进行估计并完成对水下运动目标的航迹跟踪,从而验证了矢量阵的优越性。     

Viewing angle enhanced integral imaging display based on double‐micro‐lens array

A viewing angle enhanced integral imaging display, which consists of a double microlens array, and a display panel is proposed. The double microlens array includes a convex microlens array and a concave microlens array. The display panel is used to display original elemental image array. The convex microlens array, located near the display panel, is used to provide a virtual elemental image array for the concave microlens array. The concave microlens array, located far away from the display panel, is used to display integral images with the virtual elemental image array. Compared with the original elemental image, the pitch for each virtual elemental image is magnified by the corresponding convex microlens. As a result, the viewing angle is expanded. Simulations based on ray‐tracing are performed and the results agree well with the theory.     

遗传算法用于波达方向估计的线阵优化

利用遗传算法优化阵列设计来改善声目标波达方向估计性能.研究波达方向估计采用信号相位匹配原理的奇异值分解法SVDSPM,利用遗传算法对线阵进行了优化.优化时,阵列孔径不变,将阵元数目作为优化变量,优化目标是降低DOA估计误差.仿真结果标明:优化后在阵元数目减少的情况下,DOA估计偏差和均方误差更小.而且优化的阵列有好的低信噪比及宽带信号波达方向估计的能力.     

水下成像的稀疏阵列乘性处理

针对阵列传感器布阵设计中的冗余问题,提供了一种水下声学成像稀疏阵列的处理方法。采用稀疏阵列乘性处理方法可合成一个收发一体的虚拟阵列且虚拟阵元数目等于实际阵列发射阵元与接收阵元的乘积。依据相位中心近似的原理,对虚拟阵元的布阵位置进行了数学的解析表示,使用几种不同结构的稀疏阵列进行比较。实验结果得出,使用上述方法建立的稀疏阵列性能指标在三维声场、波束、导向矢量、主瓣宽度和峰值旁瓣级等方面与同等数量的收发一体Mills cross稀疏阵列一致。表明了乘性处理方法能有效解决阵元冗余问题,利用上述方法可得到一种优于Mills cross的新型稀疏阵列。     

基于污点分析的数组越界缺陷的静态检测方法

随着移动计算、物联网、云计算、人工智能等领域的飞速发展,也涌现出了很多新的编程语言和编译器,但是C/C++语言依旧是最受欢迎的编程语言之一,而数组是C语言最重要的数据结构之一.当在程序中通过数组下标访问数组元素时,必须确保该下标在该数组的边界之内,否则就会导致数组越界.程序中的数组越界缺陷会使得程序在运行时导致系统崩溃,甚至使攻击者可以截取控制流以执行任意恶意代码.当前针对数组越界的静态检查方法无法达到高精度的分析,尤其是无法处理复杂约束和表达式,过多的误报额外增加了开发者的负担.因此,提出了一种基于污点分析的数组越界的静态检测方法.首先,提出流敏感、上下文敏感的按需指针分析方法,实现数组长度区间分析.然后,提出按需污点分析方法,实现数组下标和数组长度污染情况的计算.最后,定义数组越界缺陷判定规则,提出使用后向数据流分析方法,检测数组下标是否越界.在进行数组越界检测的过程中,为了处理程序中的复杂约束和表达式,在分析过程中将调用约束求解器来判断约束的可满足性.如果没有发现相应的语句,则报告数组越界缺陷警报.同时,实现了自动静态分析工具Carraybound,并通过实验展示了方法的有效性.     

Ku频段相控阵馈源设计

平方公里阵SKA(Square Kilometer Array)将是世界上最大的综合孔径射电望远镜,包括中国在内的多个国家正在进行先导天线、相控阵馈源、超宽带单波束馈源等关键技术的实验研究。针对SKA的关键技术之一,相控阵馈源,设计了工作在Ku频段的相控阵馈源。首先,通过对天线的焦面场进行分析,确定阵列的尺寸;接着,选择最合适的阵元形式,设计阵元并进行优化;然后,根据设计要求,以天线的灵敏度为标准,进行阵列设计,确定阵列的排布形式;再对阵元间距对灵敏度的影响进行了仿真分析,选择合适的阵元间距,使系统达到灵敏度最优。最后给出了仿真结果。     

Decoupling antenna array with X‐shaped strip

Manipulating mutual coupling between antenna array elements is always a critical essential in designing phased arrays. In this article, an X‐shaped strip is applied to decouple a five‐element E‐plane microstrip antenna array, whose adjacent elements' center‐to‐center spacing is only 0.45 λ₀. Simulation and measurement results reveal that the proposed array employing the loaded structure exhibits excellent decoupling capability, as in comparison to the reference array, impedance of every port is well matched, mutual coupling between both adjacent elements and nonadjacent ones is efficiently reduced and radiation patterns of every individual patch are markedly corrected. Besides, when beam scanning is performed, the proposed array is equipped with higher gain and lower SLL. The X‐shaped strip predicts a promising application in phased array and a large‐scale array.     

基于迭代加权L1范数的稀疏阵列综合

针对阵列天线在相控阵雷达、卫星通信以及MIMO雷达系统等实际应用中重量、尺寸和成本受限的问题,提出了一种基于迭代加权[L1]范数的稀疏阵列综合方法。通过对稀疏阵列综合理论的分析,提出使用加权[L1]范数代替[L0]范数,避免了NP问题的求解;通过复数求导结合启发式近似方法对阵列激励进行优化选择,即可得到一个其辐射波形逼近给定的期望值的稀疏阵列。仿真结果表明,与现有的稀疏阵列综合方法相比,该方法可以在满足辐射特性的前提下得到阵元数目更少同时孔径更短的阵列。