一种MODBUS——ProFiBus节点通信控制与协议转换模块设计

多种现场总线协议并存给制造业信息化与自动化中的设备互联与信息互通造成困难;通过对ProFiBus及ModBus协议研究发现这主要是由报头报尾格式的差异造成,为解决异种协议互联问题,提出一种具有这两种协议和接口的通信控制与协议转换模块的设计方法,利用不同接口支持两种不同协议,硬件实现ProFiBus协议,软件实现ModBus协议,以UCOSⅡ为基础,用软件提取源报文用户信息,并依据目的节点协议生成新的报文实现两种协议报文转换;经测试,该方法实现了ModBus协议智能装置和智能传感器与ProFi-Bus网络的互联。     

基于RDMA的Rapidl0用户态通信接口实现

作为一款高性能的嵌入式互联协议,RapidIO支持RDMA操作以获得高性能.目前,针对RapidIO通信接口只有以太网模拟器,这种实现机制限制了RapidIO通信性能的发挥.参考国内外基于RDMA的通信协议实现方法,并结合RapidIO互联协议的特点,提出了一套基于RDMA技术的RapidIO用户态通信接口实现方法.在此基础上,验证了通信接口的性能并对实现方案进行了多种优化.经比较,实现的RapidIO通信接口数据吞吐量是目前所有已知的RapidIO通信接口中最高的.     

一种考虑节点拥塞情况的DTN概率路由算法*

容迟网络是一种新型网络,其概率路由算法根据历史相遇频率对相遇概率进行计算与更新,通过相遇概率判断是否转发报文。当节点缓存受限时,在网络中采用概率路由算法使得节点很容易发生拥塞,对报文的传送产生影响。为了减小拥塞对概率路由算法的影响,提出了一种考虑节点拥塞情况的概率路由算法,将节点相遇的概率和节点拥塞的情况综合起来,得到一个报文的递交概率,降低了由于拥塞对网络性能的影响,提高了报文的递交率,减小了报文在缓存中排队等候的时间。仿真结果表明,与传统的概率路由算法相比,在改进后的概率路由算法中报文递交率显著提高,平均延迟也在降低。     

EasiCC:一种保证带宽公平性的传感器网络拥塞控制机制

实用的传感器网络拥塞控制方案不仅需要满足多项网络性能指标,而且必须控制开销很小,提出了一种满足上述要求的拥塞控制机制EasiCC(EasiNet congestion control mechanism).在EasiCC中,数据流源节点将数据报文按比例划分到各优先等级中,各网络节点根据网络拥塞程度动态地、同步地调整报文过滤标准,结合报文过滤标准和报文优先级来调节网络流量,保证了无线信道带宽分配上的公平性;将网络准入控制和队列丢包手段相结合来调整网络流量,保证了网络综合性能指标.EasiCC控制开销很少,已在实际传感器网络平台中实现.模拟验证和实验测试结果显示,EasiCC能够公平地为各数据流分配发报速度和网络带宽,并且在报文传输成功率、传输延迟等性能指标上均有良好的表现.     

一种基于RDMA多播机制的分布式持久性内存文件系统

持久性内存技术与远程直接内存访问(remote direct memory access,RDMA)技术的发展,为高效分布式系统的设计提供了新的思路.然而,现有的基于RDMA的分布式系统没有充分利用RDMA的多播能力,难以解决1对多传输场景下的多拷贝文件数据传输问题,严重影响了系统性能.针对此问题,提出一种基于RDMA多播机制的分布式持久性内存文件系统(RDMA multicast transmission based distributed persistent memory file system,MTFS),通过低延迟多播通信机制充分利用RDMA多播能力,将数据高效传输到多个数据节点,从而避免了多拷贝传输操作带来的高延迟.为提升传输操作灵活性,MTFS设计了多模式多播远程过程调用(remote procedure call,RPC)机制,实现了RPC请求自适应识别,并通过优化返回机制将部分传输操作移出关键路径,进一步提升传输效率.同时MTFS提供了轻量级一致性保障机制,通过设计故障恢复功能、数据校验系统、重传策略与窗口机制,当节点出现崩溃时进行快速恢复,并在传输出现错误时实现数据精准检测与纠正,保证了数据的可靠性和一致性.实验证明,MTFS在各测试集上相比现有系统GlusterFS吞吐量提升了10.2~219倍.在Redis数据库的工作负载下,MTFS相比于NOVA取得了最高10.7%的性能提升,并在多线程测试中取得了良好的可扩展性.     

基于功率控制的AODV改进协议

针对无线传感器网络能量受限的特征,提出了一种基于功率控制的AODV改进协议.通过在路由请求消息中增加当前节点和下一跳节点的位置信息,通过计算节点所需的最优发射功率来选择微处理器中的合适的功率级别来传送报文,使发送每个报文所耗费的能量最小,达到节省能量的目的.仿真实验结果表明,新协议有效提高了节点的能量利用率,降低了网络...     

分片与多播基于网络处理器的高速实现

传统的IP数据报文的分片和多播技术,由于在处理过程中需要对整个报文内容进行多次数据拷贝,由此会对缓存报文的处理器外部存储空间进行大量I/O操作,这将严重制约了当前处理器,尤其是网络处理器(NP)的高速报文处理能力.文中介绍了一种新的分片和多播的实现方法,它针对于网络处理器自身的结构特点,对传统方法做出了一定的改进,无需进行大量数据复制和拷贝,即可完成一份数据报文的分片和多播处理,更适用于当今的高速网络交换设备.从而保证更高速的数据处理交换得以实现,同时,实现方法简单,可在任意软件环境下实现.     

基于CPLD的Profibus-DP报文接收器设计

由于Profibus总线相关协议芯片的封闭性,使得底层的自主开发非常困难.因此在分析Profibus链路层协议的基础上,设计了一种基于CPLD的可随时监测总线上传输的报文并将其分类的Profibus-DP报文接收器.该报文接收器为Profibus报文分析和底层开发的实现奠定了良好的基础.     

带式输送机故障定位系统网关的设计

以带式输送机故障定位系统为应用背景,提出了一种基于STM32F103VE微处理器的CAN总线与Profibus-DP总线网关的设计方案。该网关在CAN网络中作为一个CAN通信节点,在Profibus-DP网络中作为一个从站;带式输送机沿线分布若干个CAN检测节点,每个节点负责检测其段内的4种传感器设备采集的实时数据,如果检测到故障信息,CAN检测节点就会向网关发送故障信息报文,网关接收CAN检测节点发送的报文并进行存储;当网关与Profibus-DP主站连通后,作为Profibus-DP从站的网关可以通过查询方式把故障信息报文传送到Profibus-DP主站中,从而实现故障定位功能。实际应用表明,该网关运行稳定、可靠,实现了带式输送机故障定位系统中CAN总线及Profibus-DP总线的互联。     

交叉流水线多队列缓冲报文转发技术

IP报文封装为链路帧是路由器设计必不可少的技术。提出了一种通用的多通道报文封装和转发的处理器结构．利用FPGA内部存储资源，采用流水线和多队列缓存区相结合，显著提高了小报文线速转发和突发流量传输的性能。     

High Performance RDMA-Based MPI Implementation over InfiniBand

Although InfiniBand Architecture is relatively new in the high performance computing area, it offers many features which help us to improve the performance of communication subsystems. One of these features is Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) operations. In this paper, we propose a new design of MPI over InfiniBand which brings the benefit of RDMA to not only large messages, but also small and control messages. We also achieve better scalability by exploiting application communication pattern and combining send/receive operations with RDMA operations. Our RDMA-based MPI implementation achieves a latency of 6.8 sec for small messages and a peak bandwidth of 871 million bytes/sec. Performance evaluation shows that for small messages, our RDMA-based design can reduce the latency by 24%, increase the bandwidth by over 104%, and reduce the host overhead by up to 22% compared with the original design. For large data transfers, we improve performance by reducing the time for transferring control messages. We have also shown that our new design is beneficial to MPI collective communication and NAS Parallel Benchmarks.     

基于动态连接的RDMA可靠传输协议设计

未来100P/E级高性能计算机系统对网络的传输可靠性、性能均衡性、可扩展性方面有更高的需求。本文提出的RDMA传输模型,采取配置少量资源,动态连接使用的策略实现端到端的数据可靠传输。与传统的可靠通信协议如Infiniband相比,本方案的优势为:(1)支持自动重路由,可绕过网络故障区域保证消息的可靠传输;(2)支持报文乱序到达,支持源和目的间的多路径传输,提供消息的流控机制,能较好地均衡网络整体性能,减少网络热点和缓解网络拥塞;(3)基于通信接口硬件实现可靠性数据结构,不需要消耗主存为通信建立连接,具有极高的系统可扩展性。初步测试结果表明,采取了优化措施后,该协议不会增加小于4K字节消息的传输延迟。     

Study of OpenMP applications on the InfiniBand-based software distributed shared-memory system

For the past decades computer engineers have focused on building high-performance and large-scale computer systems with low-cost. One of the examples is a distributed-memory computer system like a cluster, where fast processing nodes to use commodity processors are connected through a high speed network. But it is not easy to develop applications on this system, because a programmer must consider all data and control dependences between processes and program them explicitly. For alleviating this problem the distributed virtual shared-memory (DVSM) system has been proposed. It is well known that the performance of the DVSM system highly depends on the network’s performance and programming semantics, and currently its performance is very limited on a conventional network. Recently many advanced hardware-based interconnection technologies have been introduced, and one of them is the InfiniBand Architecture (IBA) which supports shared-memory programming semantics by means of remote direct-memory access (RDMA) and atomic operations. In this paper, we present the implementation of our InfiniBand-based DVSM system and analyze the performance of SPEC OMP benchmarks in detail by comparing with the DVSM based on the traditional network architecture and the hardware shared-memory multiprocessor (SMP) system. As experiment result, we show that our DVSM system to use full features of the IBA can improve the performance significantly over the IPoIB-based traditional system on the IBA, and furthermore the performance of one application on the IBA-based DVSM system is better than on the hardware SMP.     

基于以太网与CAN网络的UUV实验平台设计与实现

介绍了以太网—CAN网络实验平台的构建思路及设计实现方法;利用以太网终端计算机对无人水下航行器(Unmanned Underwater Vehicle,UUV)的航行深度进行远程遥控;文中主要介绍了网关的软件设计方法,节点接收滤波器和消息标识符的设置及其在多点通信中的应用;该系统目前完成了4个节点的模拟通信并能够保存所有的实验数据,实验结果显示该实验平台有较好的实时性和稳定性,为航行器深度控制系统性能分析提供参考。     

Evaluating InfiniBand performance with PCI Express

The InfiniBand architecture is an industry standard that offers low latency and high bandwidth as well as advanced features such as remote direct memory access (RDMA), atomic operations, multicast, and quality of service. InfiniBand products can achieve a latency of several microseconds for small messages and a bandwidth of 700 to 900 Mbytes/s. As a result, it is becoming increasingly popular as a high-speed interconnect technology for building high-performance clusters. The Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) has been the standard local-I/O-bus technology for the last 10 years. However, more applications require lower latency and higher bandwidth than what a PCI bus can provide. As an extension, PCI-X offers higher peak performance and efficiency. InfiniBand host channel adapters (HCAs) with PCI Express achieve 20 to 30 percent lower latency for small messages compared with HCAs using 64-bit, 133-MHz PCI-X interfaces. PCI Express also improves performance at the MPI level, achieving a latency of 4.1/spl mu/s for small messages. It can also improve MPI collective communication and bandwidth-bound MPI application performance.     

Design and implementation of a protocol offload engine for TCP/IP and remote direct memory access based on hardware/software coprocessing

This paper presents the design and implementation of a protocol offload engine that processes TCP/IP and remote direct memory access (RDMA) protocols by means of hardware/software coprocessing. In the offload engine, time-consuming operations such as TCP/IP header generation are implemented as hardware to improve performance. The software performs control operations and RDMA header generation. In the experiments and analyses, it is proved that the hardware can provide satisfactory performance to process all operations at speeds of over 1 Gbps. Our engine can offload most protocol processing overheads – up to 95% to 100% – from the host CPU. Finally, although the embedded processors operate with a 300 MHz clock that is seven times slower than the clock of the host CPU, our engine shows maximum bandwidths of 673 Mbps for TCP/IP and 551 Mbps for RDMA on a gigabit Ethernet network.     

一种基于NIC的RDMA可靠传输协议的设计与实现

高性能计算机不断增长的规模和复杂性使得可靠性成为影响高性能计算机系统可用性的关键因素,系统互连网络是高性能计算机的重要组成部分,其可靠性是高性能计算机系统设计必须考虑的重要问题。针对高性能计算机系统互连网络可能出现的故障,提出一种基于NIC实现的RDMA可靠传输协议,给出了一种通用的设计实现方案,并对该方案的几种具体优化设计实现方法进行了讨论。提出的可靠传输协议及实现方案能容忍系统互连网络可能出现的多种网络故障,并能尽量减少实现可靠传输所带来的额外开销。实验结果表明,所提出的RDMA可靠传输的实际测试性能与无连接RDMA传输相当。     

Processing approximate aggregate queries in wireless sensor networks

In-network data aggregation has been recently proposed as an effective means to reduce the number of messages exchanged in wireless sensor networks. Nodes of the network form an aggregation tree, in which parent nodes aggregate the values received from their children and propagate the result to their own parents. However, this schema provides little flexibility for the end-user to control the operation of the nodes in a data sensitive manner. For large sensor networks with severe energy constraints, the reduction (in the number of messages exchanged) obtained through the aggregation tree might not be sufficient. In this paper, we present new algorithms for obtaining approximate aggregate statistics from large sensor networks. The user specifies the maximum error that he is willing to tolerate and, in turn, our algorithms program the nodes in a way that seeks to minimize the number of messages exchanged in the network, while always guaranteeing that the produced estimate lies within the specified error from the exact answer. A key ingredient to our framework is the notion of the residual mode of operation that is used to eliminate messages from sibling nodes when their cumulative change to the computed aggregate is small. We introduce two new algorithms, based on potential gains, which adaptively redistribute the error thresholds to those nodes that benefit the most and try to minimize the total number of transmitted messages in the network. Our techniques significantly reduce the number of messages, often by a factor of 10 for a modest 2% relative error bound, and consistently outperform previous techniques for computing approximate aggregates, which we have adapted for sensor networks.     

Scalable connectionless RDMA over unreliable datagrams

The overhead imposed by connection-based protocols for high-performance computing (HPC) systems can be detrimental to system resource usage and performance. This paper demonstrates for the first time a unified send/recv and Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) Write over datagrams design for RDMA-capable network adapters. We previously designed the first and only unreliable datagram RDMA model, RDMA Write-Record, and demonstrated its superior performance over connection-based RDMA. RDMA Write-Record can be applied to several RDMA capable networks, such as iWARP and InfiniBand (which does not support unreliable RDMA Writes). iWARP is a state-of-the-art, high-speed, connection-based RDMA networking technology for both local and wide-area Ethernet networks. iWARP is used as the platform to demonstrate our unreliable RDMA operation design for both channel and memory semantics. We previously outlined the requirements for extending iWARP to operate over datagrams. Here we extend our work on commercial datacenter applications by providing broadcast support for send/recv. In order to study the scalability of datagram-iWARP, we added Message Passing Interface support for RDMA Write-Record to investigate the scalability of HPC-based scientific applications for both send/recv and RDMA Write-Record. The results show that both models outperform their connection-based alternatives, providing superior performance and scalability in a software prototype.     

Proposal and evaluation of dynamic assignment of priorities in CAN

The paper deals with the scheduling of information flow in a CAN ISO IS-11898 communication system. It mainly features a bus access arbitration protocol based on a priority assigned to each message to be transmitted; if two or more messages are transmitted at the same time by different communication nodes, only the message with the highest priority continues to be transmitted, the other being stopped. In real-time applications, messages contain information which must be transmitted within strict time constraints; according to the CAN ISO IS-11898 bus arbitration protocol, respect of real-time constraints of time critical information depends on the priority assigned to the message conveying it. The aim of the paper is to propose a procedure for dynamic assignment of priorities to messages to be transmitted, in such a way the real-time requirements of the information conveyed are fulfillled. Although many other approaches can be found in literature, the proposal is original as It is based on standard full CAN communication stacks.