复杂背景下的车牌定位和字符分割研究

提出了一种综合边缘检测、投影特征的车牌定位方法和基于垂直投影及模板匹配的字符分割方法，提取车牌灰度图像边缘，实验结果显示该算法检测边缘的速度快，车牌区域轮廓清晰，采用投影法确定车牌区域，用HOUGH变换检测倾斜角度进而对倾斜的车牌进行矫正，通过字符分割算法对车牌字符进行切割，有效地解决了复杂环境的干扰、车牌尺寸变化等问题。对不同背景下的光照车牌进行了大量实验，结果表明该算法能准确地进行车牌定位以及字符分割，具有较好的鲁棒性。     

一种去光照干扰方法在行人检测中的应用

在基于图像差分的行人检测算法中,光照的变化对提取图片中的行人干扰非常大,一般的自适应背景更新方法很难消除光照快速变化带来的影响。为了解决这一问题,设计了一种基于直方图分布特征相似性的光照变化干扰去除方法,分析了光照干扰前后两幅图片局部区域的直方图分布特征相似性原理,给出了图像直方图分布特征相似性测量方法及评价参数---标准差。通过对光照频繁变化环境下相邻两帧图片进行差分实验,结果表明,该方法能够克服光照突然变化的干扰且鲁棒性好,能够准确分割出运动目标和抑制大幅度光照变化带来的干扰。     

基于纹理分析的精确车牌定位算法

在车牌识别（LPR）系统的实现过程中,最关键的部分就是车牌图像的提取以及车牌字符图像的分割。介绍了一种基于车牌区域字符的纹理特征和统计规律的车牌定位方法。由于光照、复杂背景等因素都会对车牌定位产生不良影响,而利用车牌字符纹理丰富的特征寻找车牌区域就可以避开这些不良影响。这种算法不仅排除了光照、复杂背景等因素的影响,而且对于拍摄到车牌的大小、车牌在图像中的位置和倾斜角度没有太多限制。实验证明这种算法具有定位准、适应性强的特点。     

一种字符组合词包模型的少约束车牌定位算法

针对如何在复杂背景、拍摄角度和车牌尺度发生变化等少约束条件下实现基于字符组合词包模型的车牌定位算法。本文首先构造包含车牌数字字符和英文字符的数据库;然后利用本算法识别提取车牌字符的SIFT特征,并精准计算识别特征点在字符识别区域的相对位置、物理方向等信息组成视觉识别词汇;最后把本车牌字符的视觉词汇聚合后搭建车牌字符视觉词包数据库。在识别阶段,提取待识别图像SIFT特征与视觉词包中的视觉词汇进行匹配,并聚合所有有效投票位置来实现车牌区域的准确识别定位。仿真结果表明,本文算法对于背景复杂下的车牌区域定位具有较好的效果。     

基于HSV颜色空间和SVM的车牌提取算法

为了克服HSV算法在车牌提取中存在与车牌颜色相近的类似车牌区域的干扰,提出一种基于HSV颜色空间和 SVM 相结合的车牌提取算法,该方法能够较好的对多种车牌实现精确定位与提取。首先根据字符的边界特征和HSV颜色空间分别对蓝色和黄色车牌进行粗定位,获得几个车牌候选区;然后使用训练好的SVM分类器进行字符与非字符分类;最后根据车牌特征实现定位与提取。实验表明,该方法取得了良好的效果。     

主动轮廓模型在车牌识别算法中的应用研究

提出了一种识别机动车辆牌照的算法.该算法首先利用车牌的纹理特征和区域形状特征检测车牌区域.为提高区域检测的正确性,利用新的改进的主动轮廓模型,利用先验知识确定精确的车牌边界.在精确确定车牌区域基础上,可以准确切割出车牌中的字符,从而提高识别率.     

车牌识别系统中的字符分割技术研究

车牌字符分割是车牌识别系统的三大关键技术之一。准确的字符分割,既能提高字符识别的准确率,又能提高识别的速度。针对车牌图像背景复杂、光照多变、干扰较多的情况,文章在车牌区域预处理的基础上提出了一种基于先验知识的垂直投影字符分割方法。实验结果表明该算法简洁、实时性好、处理正确率高,达到了实用的标准。     

车牌识别系统中的字符分割技术研究

车牌字符分割是车牌识别系统的三大关键技术之一。准确的字符分割,既能提高字符识别的准确率,又能提高识别的速度。针对车牌图像背景复杂、光照多变、干扰较多的情况,文章在车牌区域预处理的基础上提出了一种基于先验知识的垂直投影字符分割方法。实验结果表明该算法简洁、实时性好、处理正确率高,达到了实用的标准。     

面向车牌字符分割的图像预处理方法研究

车牌字符分割是车牌识别系统中的核心步骤,而车牌预处理的效果直接关系到分割的准确率。针对传统基于灰度图的预处理方法难以消除由拍摄硬件和成像环境造成的干扰特征,提出一种基于R通道和灰度拉伸的车牌图像预处理方法。该算法将原始图像以R通道的数据表征,抑制车牌成像的干扰特征,提高了字符与背景底色的区分度;为了进一步增强图像的对比度,提出改进的灰度拉伸算法,有效分离字符和背景。为验证提出的预处理算法对字符分割的效果,引入一种基于投影和模板匹配的分割算法,实验表明,该算法不仅改善了污损车牌的成像效果,同时也有效提升了分割准确率。     

基于纹理分析和垂直投影的车牌定位算法

根据车牌区域字符的纹理特征和统计规律，提出了一种综合纹理分析和垂直投影的车牌定位方法。由于光照、拍摄角度会对图像产生对比度偏低、图像倾斜和变形等不良影响，利用车牌字符纹理丰富的特征寻找车牌区域可以避开了这些不良影响，并利用灰度垂直投影的统计特征进一步删除由于复杂背景而产生的伪车牌区域。实验结果表明，该方法对于背景复杂的图像，可以得到很好的定位效果，解决了复杂背景下车牌图像提取的难点问题。     

基于梯度与形态学的低质量车牌定位

针对低质量车牌的定位问题,提出一种水平梯度信息和数学形态学操作相结合的定位方法。利用自适应梯度图阈值分割算法分割出车牌部分的梯度信息;通过形态学和区域合并操作得到连通的候选区域;结合车牌自身特点进行区域搜索,粗定位出车牌;用扫描线法去除边框,实现车牌的精确定位。实验结果表明,该方法对光线昏暗、噪声严重、车牌区域污损、倾斜等条件下的车牌定位具有较强的鲁棒性,能满足实际交通场景中的车牌定位需求。     

Statistical characteristics in HSI color model and position histogram based vehicle license plate detection

Visual perception takes an important role in the implementation of intelligent robot and transportation systems. Such perception is to detect and recognize various objects in the real environment. Detecting license plate (LP) is a crucial and inevitable component of the vehicle license plate recognition (VLPR) system. In this proposed algorithm, initially, HSI color model is adopted to select automatically statistical threshold value for detecting candidate regions. According to different colored LP, these candidate regions may include LP regions; geometrical properties of LP are then used for classification. The proposed method is able to deal with candidate regions under independent orientation and scale of the plate. Finally, the decomposition of candidate regions contains predetermined LP alphanumeric character by using position histogram to verify and detect vehicle license plate (VLP) region. In experiment more than 150 images were used, and they were taken from the variety of conditions such as complex scenes, illumination changing, distances and varied weather etc. Under these conditions, success of LP detection has reached more than 94%.     

Region-based license plate detection

Automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) is one of the most important aspects of applying computer techniques towards intelligent transportation systems. In order to recognize a license plate efficiently, however, the location of the license plate, in most cases, must be detected in the first place. Due to this reason, detecting the accurate location of a license plate from a vehicle image is considered to be the most crucial step of an ALPR system, which greatly affects the recognition rate and speed of the whole system. In this paper, a region-based license plate detection method is proposed. In this method, firstly, mean shift is used to filter and segment a color vehicle image in order to get candidate regions. These candidate regions are then analyzed and classified in order to decide whether a candidate region contains a license plate. Unlike other existing license plate detection methods, the proposed method focuses on regions, which demonstrates to be more robust to interference characters and more accurate when compared with other methods.     

Vehicle license plate tilt correction based on the straight line fitting method and minimizing variance of coordinates of projection points

Tilt correction is a very crucial and inevitable task in the automatic recognition of the vehicle license plate (VLP). In this paper, according to the least square fitting with perpendicular offsets (LSFPO), the VLP region is fitted to a straight line. After the line slope is obtained, rotation angle of the VLP is estimated. Then the whole image is rotated for tilt correction in horizontal direction by this angle. Tilt correction in vertical direction by minimizing the variance of coordinates of the projection points is proposed. Character segmentation is performed after horizontal correction and character points are projected along the vertical direction after shear transform. Despite the success of VLP detection approaches in the past decades, a few of them can effectively locate license plate (LP), even when vehicle bodies and LPs have similar color. A common drawback of color-based VLP detection is the failure to detect the boundaries or border of LPs. In this paper, we propose a modified recursive labeling algorithm for solving this problem and detecting candidate regions. According to different colored LP, these candidate regions may include LP regions. Geometrical properties of the LP such as area, bounding box and aspect-ratio are then used for classification. Various LP images were used with a variety of conditions to test the proposed method and results are presented to prove its effectiveness.     

基于颜色搭配与纹理特征的车牌定位方法

牌照定位是牌照识别系统中的关键技术。目前在多数牌照定位方法中考虑到了牌照的颜色和纹理特征,但对不同环境的适应性不强。为解决这方面的问题,首先从机动车牌照具有固定颜色搭配的特点出发构造颜色搭配掩模矩阵,并利用此掩模矩阵对原边缘检测图像进行条件约束,得到约束二值边缘图像;然后应用具有去噪能力的形态学结构元,形成牌照粗定位候选区域;最后依据牌照的纹理特征从候选区域中提取出真正的牌照。采用了BP神经网络获得强适应性的HSI空间牌照颜色识别方法,并且只在边缘点邻域内实现颜色空间转换运算,能极大地缩减定位周期。经实验表明,该方法能在复杂的环境和不同光照条件下快速地实现不同牌照的精确定位。     

基于形态学梯度重建的车牌定位方法

准确定位车牌是车牌识别的重要基础。针对复杂环境下车牌图像容易受背景、光照等因素的影响而导致车牌定位精度较低的问题,提出了一种基于形态学梯度重建的车牌定位方法。该方法首先利用颜色信息确定车牌候选区域;然后利用矢量梯度算子获取候选区域中车牌图像的梯度,利用形态学梯度重建运算提取具有车牌特征的图像结构,同时抑制非车牌特征的图像结构;最后利用车牌固定的宽长比先验信息对矩形区域进行提取,最终得到准确的车牌定位结果。实验结果表明,提出的车牌定位方法能在复杂环境下快速、准确地定位车牌,且具有较高的鲁棒性和实时性。     

自适应不同条件的车牌检测算法

车牌检测(License Plate Detection, LPD)是自动车牌识别中(Automatic License Plate Recognition, ALPR)主要步骤,针对不同条件下车牌检测速度慢和检测精度低的问题,提出了一种改进改进自适应形态闭和开操作的车牌检测算法,该算法首先采用局部直方图对车牌图像均衡化处理,使用自适应形态闭操作对所有灰度化区域进行平滑处理,之后引入局部自适应阈值处理,能得到平滑图像和被分离的车牌,最后采用形态学开操作,将外部区域和车牌数连接部分分离。实验结果表明,所提方法的检测精度高于其他算法,同时,平均检测时间少于其他算法,适合不同条件下实时车牌检测。     

边缘特性筛选与多判定机制下的车牌定位方法

针对复杂背景下的车牌定位,利用目标区域的边缘梯度特性筛选出车牌边缘;选取合适的结构元素做数学形态学填充,得到车牌候选区域;融合车牌灰度纹理特征与颜色特征通过多判定机制剔除伪车牌区域,实现车牌的准确定位;通过实验对大量实拍的复杂背景下的车辆图像进行测试。结果表明,该方法准确率高、速度快,克服了传统算法对拍摄环境、光照条件、颜色、角度等较为敏感的问题,具有良好的定位效果。     

基于快速连通域标记的车牌字符分割

对车牌图像的二值图进行连通域提取可以解决倾斜带来的问题.提出了一种基于快速连通域标记的字符分割方法.先用改进的Otsu法对车牌图像进行二值化分割,之后基于快速连通域标记算法进行连通域标记,最后对各个连通域进行后续处理提取出全部车牌字符连通域.实验表明,改进的快速连通域标记算法克服了倾斜问题,而且有效地提高了连通域提取的速度,获得较好的字符分割的鲁棒性和实时性.     

An automated vision system for container-code recognition

Automatic container-code recognition is of great importance to the modern container management system. Similar techniques have been proposed for vehicle license plate recognition in past decades. Compared with license plate recognition, automatic container-code recognition faces more challenges due to the severity of nonuniform illumination and invalidation of color information. In this paper, a computer vision based container-code recognition technique is proposed. The system consists of three function modules, namely location, isolation, and character recognition. In location module, we propose a text-line region location algorithm, which takes into account the characteristics of single character as well as the spatial relationship between successive characters. This module locates the text-line regions by using a horizontal high-pass filter and scanline analysis. To resolve nonuniform illumination, a two-step procedure is applied to segment container-code characters, and a projection process is adopted to isolate characters in the isolation module. In character recognition module, the character recognition is achieved by classifying the extracted features, which represent the character image, with trained support vector machines (SVMs). The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed technique for practical usage.