基于指数时延的无线传感器网络时钟同步估计

无线传感器网络的时间同步是无线传感器网络的一个重要的研究方向.本文利用时钟偏移量误差的规律性,提出基于指数时延的无线传感器网络时钟同步估计算法.本算法是一种基于发送者同步模型,在DMTS算法的基础上引入指数时延得到的.理论与仿真实验都证明本算法对时钟偏移量的估计是相合的,同时实验还证明本算法比DMTS算法具有更高的精度和稳定性.     

WSN中虚拟时戳与父亲责任链时钟同步算法

通过对无线传感器网络时钟同步算法的研究,提出了适用于单跳网的虚拟时戳时钟同步算法与适用于多跳网的父亲责任链时钟同步算法。为确保整个时钟同步的健壮性与同步过程低的能量消耗,进而提出了携子寻父算法,当利用邻居表构造的层次链路树发生断链时,其以较小的代价快速恢复父亲责任链。实验结果显示其具有较高的精度,适合于大规模无线传感器网络的数据采集与监测等应用。     

WSN中的时钟漂移与偏移补偿机制研究

在简要阐述无线传感器网络时间同步的发展情况后,基于经典的发送者-接收者双向同步原理,提出一种基于时钟漂移与偏移的同步补偿机制(CDCO算法)。实验仿真结果表明,相对于TPSN算法,CDCO算法可以减少同步误差。     

基于分簇的无线传感器网络时间同步算法

时间同步是无线传感器网络中一个重要支撑技术,为了提高时间同步精度,提出了一种基于分簇的无线传感器网络时间同步算法;在部署无线传感器网络的初期阶段,建立簇状拓扑结构,首先是基站与簇首节点实现同步,然后簇内实现同步,最终建立一个全网统一的时钟,在同步过程中,采用了成对节点间的同步算法,很好利用了多信道广播方式;该算法能很好地满足无线传感器网络低能耗的要求;性能分析和实验结果表明,该算法减少了同步层次,提高了同步精度。     

无线传感器网络时间同步综述

无线传感器在网络应用时要求传感器节点保持时间同步,但传统的时间同步方法并不适用于无线传感器网络。为此,指出设计时间同步协议所面临的问题,对现有无线传感器网络时间同步算法进行总结,分析典型算法对时钟偏差和时钟漂移的处理,并给出进一步的研究方向。     

无线传感器网络TPSN的优化算法

通过对无线传感器网络时钟同步算法TPSN(传感器网络时间同步协议)的研究,提出一种TPSN的优化算法;在TPSN算法时钟同步的过程中,由于节点时钟的不稳定性以及节点间消息交换延迟会引起同步误差,针对引起同步误差的这两个因素,基于已经存在的TPSN时钟同步算法,利用贝叶斯估计的先验和后验分布对TPSN算法进行优化,来达到减小同步误差的目的;使用NS2仿真软件进行的仿真实验显示优化后的算法比原算法的同步误差明显减小,同步精度显著提高.     

无线传感器网络的时间同步算法研究

时间同步是研究多跳ad hoc无线网络的重要问题,例如无线传感器网络,许多具体应用需要传感器节点本地时钟的同步,要求各种程度的同步精度.无线传感器网络设备的一些固有属性,例如能量的限制、存贮、计算和带宽,与节点分布的高密度结合,使传统的时间同步算法不适合于这些网络.因此,越来越多的研究集中在设计适合于无线传感器网络的时间同步算法.首先回顾了时间同步的问题和无线传感器网络时间同步的需要,然后详细介绍了针对无线传感器网络设计的基本的时间同步算法,最后对各种算法进行了比较分析,并指出了下一步的研究方向.     

基于Bootstrap采样粒子滤波的WirelessHART时间同步算法﹡

针对无线HART传感器网络时间同步精度较低、能耗过大等问题,提出了一种基于Bootstrap采样的粒子滤波时间同步算法。在未知网络延迟分布的情况下,为了减少观测次数,对发送端和接收端的时间戳观测值进行Bootstrap采样,采用混合粒子滤波算法,获得精确的时钟偏移,从而不仅降低了无线HART传感网络时间同步误差,而且使能耗减小。最后,实验表明,对于无线HART网状分层网络,当观测量达到10以上时,粒子滤波算法获得的时间偏差的均方误差约是最大似然估计算法的50%,而基于Bootstrap采样的粒子滤波算法获得的时间偏差的均方误差约是最大似然估计算法的35%,仿真的结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

网络测量中高精度时间戳研究与实现

在网络测量中,时间戳记录数据包接收和发送的时间,是时延、带宽以及抖动等网络参数测量的基础.受缓存延迟、中断响应时间不确定等因素影响,软件时间戳只能达到毫秒级精度;基于GPS(global positioning system)时钟的硬件时间戳可以达到纳秒级精度,但其成本高且安装部署不方便.基于对网络测量系统中时间戳误差来源的详细分析,设计了精确时间戳测量系统,系统利用硬件产生时间戳,消除各种软件延迟影响,通过基于预测的时钟同步算法PCS(prediction-based clock synchronization)同步各测量节点时钟,达到了与GPS相当的精度.基于自行设计的千兆网卡实现了测量系统原型,测试表明各测量节点时间戳误差不超过100ns.     

基于CC2530的改进TPSN算法

针对无线传感器网络(WSNs)振动监测同步精度低的问题,提出了一种基于帧首定界符(SFD)硬件捕获机制的改进传感器网络时间同步协议(TPSN).采用硬件捕获时间戳的方式消除部分软件延迟因素,如发送延迟、访问延迟和接收延迟,在补偿时钟偏差的同时采用最小二乘法估计补偿时钟漂移.为验证算法可行性,选用链状拓扑结构,在CC2530硬件平台上进行了单跳及多跳同步测试.试验结果表明:单跳误差0.727μs,2跳误差2.65 μs,3跳误差6.833μs.相比典型TPSN,提出的算法具有较好的同步效果,可满足振动监测应用需求.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate