基于局部直方图的多区域目标跟踪算法

为克服光照变化和目标遮挡对运动目标跟踪的影响,提出了一种基于改进的局部敏感直方图的多区域目标跟踪算法。改进了局部敏感直方图并设计了快速算法;将改进的局部敏感直方图作为多区域跟踪算法中的目标建模方式,提高目标建模的准确性且降低提取目标特征的计算复杂度;针对多区域跟踪算法中融合各个区域块的特征相似值的需要,采用基于统计排序和最小二乘估计的参数估计方法计算整个目标块与模板的相似度。实验结果表明该算法能有效应对目标跟踪过程中光照变化、目标形变与遮挡的干扰,实现实时鲁棒的目标跟踪。     

适应目标尺度变化的改进压缩跟踪算法*

基于压缩感知理论对目标Haar-like特征进行降维处理的压缩跟踪算法采用固定大小的跟踪框跟踪目标,在目标尺度发生变化时,容易产生跟踪漂移甚至丢失跟踪目标的现象.为了克服这一缺陷,文中分析Haar-like特征随目标尺度变化的情况,发现在一定变化尺度范围内,跟踪矩形框内目标Haar-like特征值的变化与跟踪矩形框的面积变化呈近似线性关系,在此基础上提出适应目标尺度变化的改进压缩跟踪算法(CTVS).实验表明,CTVS具有较高的尺度自适应能力,能更好地减轻目标跟踪过程中可能出现的遮挡、光照变化、背景混杂、变形等干扰因素的影响,具有较高的鲁棒性和准确性.同时算法计算效率较高,能够达到实时跟踪的目的.     

基于图像分类与多算法协作的目标跟踪算法

针对目标变化和背景环境的变化,提出了一种基于图像分类的多算法协作的目标跟踪算法,采用融入改进背景加权的尺度方向自适应均值漂移算法与快速压缩算法协作的方式。该算法根据图像变化原因不同将图像分为两类,图像全局变化和目标局部感兴趣区域的变化。对由光照、背景相似度和背景模糊引起的图像全局变化,采用快速压缩算法对目标进行跟踪;对由目标本身尺寸、旋转和遮挡引起的目标局部感兴趣区域变化,采用融入改进背景加权尺度方向自适应均值漂移算法对目标进行跟踪。该算法先对图像序列预处理分类,然后选择适合该对应图像变化特点的算法对目标进行跟踪。经实验验证,该算法较之其他流行目标跟踪算法具有更好的鲁棒性。     

基于随机局部均值Hash特征的在线学习目标跟踪

在局部遮挡,光线变化,以及复杂背景环境下进行有效稳定的目标跟踪一直是一个长期困扰研究者的复杂问题。提出一种基于随机局部均值Hash特征的在线学习目标跟踪算法,算法的创新点为基于泊松概率分布的目标模型建立及其在线更新。算法首先利用已标定实际位置的目标图像来初始化目标模型及构建初始分类器池,由此求出下一帧的检测算子,同时基于多实例在线学习方法,利用检测到的目标样本（正样本）以及附近的背景样本（负样本）在线更新目标模型,求出新的检测算子用于后续帧的目标检测及跟踪。提出的算法与现有基于检测学习的OnlineBoostingTracker,SemiTracker,BeyondSemiTracker,Context Tracker和MILTracker跟踪算法在给定的四个标准视频序列中进行了跟踪性能比较。实验结果表明,在各种复杂环境下,该算法具备良好的综合跟踪性能,尤其在抗局部遮挡方面尤为突出。在抗目标旋转方面,该算法仍有待优化。     

基于快速鲁棒特征的CamShift跟踪算法

为了解决CamShift算法由于对颜色敏感导致的跟踪效果变差或失效的问题,提出一种基于局部特征匹配的CamShift跟踪算法。采用快速鲁棒特征(SURF)方法在多通道图像的目标区域和搜索区域提取包含图像信息的局部特征点,并利用近似最近邻搜索对特征点进行匹配;使用提纯后的匹配结果得到特征点的位置、尺度及方向信息,对CamShift方法进行约束和更新,以提高跟踪精度和稳定性。实验结果表明,与经典CamShift算法和同类的改进算法相比,该算法能够较好地实现对复杂背景下旋转和放缩运动目标的实时跟踪。     

结合掩膜与孪生网络的目标跟踪方法研究

针对在舰船目标跟踪过程中由于视场角变化导致的跟踪精度下降的问题,基于全连接孪生神经网络的目标跟踪方法,融合了目标分割策略,提出了基于SiamMask的实时目标跟踪算法。该算法将二元掩模运算作为孪生网络的一个分支,以实现对目标的分割,在获取目标位置信息的同时,获取目标的外观信息,使得该网络的损失函数得到显著增强。由传统的轴对称目标跟踪框,改进为可根据目标形状、外观而自适应调整的可旋转矩形框。将该算法与传统基于孪生网络的跟踪算法SiameseNet,以及基于相关滤波的KCF跟踪算法进行实验仿真测评对比,通过计算各算法的中心误差,结果表明该算法的跟踪精度较两者分别提升了19.5%和24.5%,且运行速度可达30 fps,满足了舰船目标跟踪对于准确性和实时性的要求。     

基于3D目标跟踪算法的机器人手眼协调研究

为了适应环境的复杂性和多样性,增强机器人抓取任务的鲁棒性,本文从3D目标跟踪算法出发,提出了一种实现机器人手眼协调的新方法。该方法采用改进的基于区域的位姿追踪算法同时跟踪机械臂夹持器和目标物体的位姿,根据二者的相对位置关系引导机械臂运动。对基于区域的位姿跟踪算法,本文提出根据局部区域分割线构建分割模型并改进模型颜色似然的线性更新方式,使得算法能够准确跟踪机械臂夹持器与目标物体。基于ROS平台搭建了一套仿真实验环境,并分别在仿真环境和真实环境下验证了此手眼协调系统的有效性和鲁棒性。这种方式不仅不需要手眼标定,更接近于人类“Sensor-Actor”带反馈的闭环控制方式,同时赋予了机器人足够的灵活性来应对弹性的任务和多变的环境。     

引入特征重检的抗遮挡目标跟踪方法研究

针对视觉目标跟踪的遮挡问题,在TLD算法的基础上,引入特征重检环节,解决发生遮挡时因目标外观相似、背景聚类造成错判,提出了一种基于特征重检的抗遮挡目标跟踪研究方法(TLD-D),采用跟踪、检测、学习、再检测的策略。跟踪与检测相结合,对锁定的目标进行学习,获取目标最新的外观特征;当发生遮挡时,则启用特征重检环节,提取遮挡过程的"开始发生遮挡"和"遮挡结束"两个关键帧,然后在特征重检环节选用SIFT特征进行双向匹配标定目标,确保重新标定的目标为原被遮挡的跟踪目标,即"再检测"。OTB基准集上实验结果表明,与TLD算法、同类TLD改进算法以及其他经典跟踪算法相比较,TLD-D算法抗遮挡能力更强,鲁棒性更强,能够对目标长时间稳定跟踪。     

基于扩展的Haar-Like特征和LBP特征的人脸压缩跟踪算法

针对传统的压缩跟踪算法采用简单的Haar-Like特征而在遮挡、光照变化、物体形变及背景干扰等情况下易产生目标漂移而导致跟踪失败的问题,提出了一种基于扩展的Haar-Like特征和局部二值模式(LBP)特征相结合的改进压缩跟踪算法,并运用于特定目标即人脸的跟踪。利用扩展的Haar-Like特征搜索目标的粗略位置,应用LBP特征充分表征人脸并进行精确跟踪来定位人脸目标的最佳位置。与简单的Haar-Like特征相比,LBP可以构建更稳定的目标表观模型,并扩展原有的Haar-Like特征,使算法在不同环境干扰下更鲁棒,同时也提高了跟踪算法的精度。实验证明:改进后的人脸压缩跟踪算法比传统的算法性能更优越。     

融合灰度和SURF特征的红外目标跟踪

由于红外图像对比度低、色彩信息匮乏且灰度级动态范围小,基于红外成像的目标跟踪一直是本领域研究的难点和重点。提出了一种融合灰度核直方图和SURF(speeded up robust features)特征的红外目标跟踪算法。在首帧采用灰度核直方图和SURF特征分别描述目标模板,在以后每帧中利用均值漂移算法快速找到局部最优解。考虑到灰度直方图特征信息量少,跟踪误差逐渐累积,采用改进的SURF特征点匹配算法估算当前帧目标尺度和中心位置,及时修正累积误差,避免跟踪窗口漂移且能自适应调整跟踪窗口大小,此外更新目标模板,最终准确跟踪目标。真实场景实验结果表明,本文算法在目标外观发生较大尺度变化、周边具有相似表观物体时能稳定跟踪目标,具有很强的稳健性,且满足实时性要求。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate