曲率共生矩阵识别三维目标

对于形状区别不大的目标,传统的矩不变量、傅里叶描述子等方法的描述能力受到一些限制.利用曲率信息来表达曲面的固有特征,引入纹理识别中共生矩阵的思想,将共生矩阵的定义从灰度延伸到曲率,构造出曲率共生矩阵.通过对曲率共生矩阵的归一化,设计了一类与平移、尺度和旋转变换无关的不变量.实验表明,基于曲率共生矩阵的三维目标识别方法,和传统方法相比,在不增加运算时间的情况下,能够更好地对形状丰富的目标进行分类.     

轮廓矩不变量及其在物体形状识别中的应用

为了有效地刻画物体的形状特征，在基于区域的Hu矩不变量的基础上，构造了一种基于物体轮廓曲线的新的矩不变量，即轮廓矩不变量。该不变量不仅独立于物体本身的颜色和灰度级，而且具有平移、旋转和尺度不变性，因此可将轮廓矩不变量应用于物体形状的识别，为了能快速地进行物体形状识别，还讨论了小波边缘检测和轮廓的获取问题及其算法。实验表明，基于这种轮廓矩的识别算法具有很好的识别率。     

基于边界矩和支持向量机的火焰识别算法*

根据火焰的燃烧特性,结合火焰的空间形状特征和动态变化特征,设计了一种基于动态边界矩和支持向量机的火焰识别算法。利用相邻帧边界矩不变量的差值来描述火焰的动态特征,基于支持向量机对火焰和疑似火焰目标样本进行分类检测。实验表明,该算法具有较好的火焰目标识别性能、较低的虚警率和较强的抗干扰性能。     

基于曲面曲率和RLDA的3D掌纹识别方法

提出一种新的3D掌纹识别方法,利用掌纹曲面的3D曲率信息提高当前2D掌纹识别算法的精确度和鲁棒性。首先因曲率是3维物体的重要表征,能够与视点无关地表现曲面的局部形状,不管手掌发生旋转或者平移,曲率信息都是稳定的,因此提取3D掌纹的均值曲面曲率特征来刻画3D掌纹的曲面特征;继而获得3D掌纹映射到2D空间上的灰度图像——均值曲率图像(MCI);然后在获得的MCI上采用正则化的LDA(RLDA)方法来进行二次特征抽取,以消除传统线性判别分析(LDA)应用于识别时存在的小样本问题和优化准则函数并不直接与识别率相关等问题。实验结果表明,所提出的方法相比与传统的LDA、PCA、ICA、LPP等方法有更高的精度和速度。     

基于特征向量的SAR图像目标识别方法研究

用于描述区域特征的Hu矩不变量在模式识别中得到广泛使用。然而在噪声影响下,尤其是SAR图像中严重的相干斑噪声,Hu 矩不变量不再保持其完美的性能。以Hu七个矩不变量为基础,结合SAR图像的特点,引入四个仿射矩不变量和SAR图像中目标区域的峰值、均值和方差系数,构成SAR图像中目标识别的特征向量。该特征向量体现了SAR图像区域目标的形状特征和区域的灰度信息。通过对两种不同分辨率下的T72坦克SAR图像的目标识别仿真实验,均获得了较好的目标识别效果,说明所选取的SAR图像目标识别的特征向量是有效的,具有较强的目标识别性能。     

形状和颜色混合不变量在图像检索中的应用

多视觉特征的图像检索是当前基于内容的图像检索领域的重要方向.已有的多特征的检索主要通过线性加权的方法对特征进行组合,但这种组合方式仅实现了代数意义上的合并,未能真正利用和发掘特征间存在的相互关系,并且权重值不容易确定,检索结果易受权重值的影响.针对这一问题,提出一种形状-颜色混合不变特征的构造方法,特征提取的过程包含同时对形状、颜色信息的抽取,直接构造出能够同时对形状仿射变换和颜色对角-偏移变换具有不变性的特征,也称作形状-颜色矩不变量.首先分别在图像的2维几何空间、3维颜色空间定义形状核、颜色核,然后对形状核、颜色核的乘积进行多重积分,最后做规范化,就得到一个不变量.理论上,通过选择不同的形状核、颜色核可以推导出无穷多的不变量.实验结果表明,该方法优于加权组合特征的方法;与加权特征、局部特征相比,形状-颜色矩不变量对于同一物体不同成像条件下的近复制图像、整体属性相似的图像、大体类似的物体图像等表现出较高的检索性能及效率.     

针对潜望镜的舰船目标识别算法的研究

鉴于潜望镜智能化程度不高的现状,对以潜望镜识别水面舰船为应用背景的目标识别算法进行了研究。算法选择Zernike矩不变量作为识别特征,并且利用基于上层建筑的矩不变量以提高特征的分类能力;同时还对舰船目标的观察空间进行形态划分,减少目标表示所需图像数量,提高识别效率。仿真试验验证了识别算法的有效性。     

归一化矩用于目标形状识别

传统的矩的方法用于目标形状的识别,几何概念不明确,没有一定的判别不同形状的准则.通过证明图象归一化矩的性质,本文提出以景物形状的特征——峰值来识别形状,这种方法几何意义清楚,且具有稳定的判别形状的准则.本文同时还提出了一种矩计算的快速实现方法.     

针对潜望镜的舰船目标识别算法的研究

鉴于潜望镜智能化程度不高的现状,对以潜望镜识别水面舰船为应用背景的目标识别算法进行了研究.算法选择Zernike矩不变量作为识别特征,并且利用基于上层建筑的矩不变量以提高特征的分类能力;同时还对舰船目标的观察空间进行形态划分,减少目标表示所需图像数量,提高识别效率.仿真试验验证了识别算法的有效性.     

相对矩及在几何形状识别中的应用

在计算机视觉中,几何形状的识别具有十分重要的意义,而一般几何形状可以分为区域和结构两类。Hu提出的不变矩是用于区域形状识别的几何特征,但对于结构则因不满足缩放不变的条件而不适用。为此对Hu提出的区域不变矩和Chen提出的区域不变矩快速算法进行了扩展,并定义了对于结构和区域均满足平移、缩放、旋转不变的相对矩,从而统一了区域和结构的矩特征计算公式,而且与Hu的不变矩相比,更具有一般性,利用相对矩进行的识别实验表明,相对矩是对区域、封闭和不封闭结构的形状进行识别的有效特征,尤其在识别封闭和不封闭结构时,比傅立叶描述子等传统方法简便。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。