区域自适应的图像修复算法

针对Criminisi等人提出的基于样本的图像修复算法使用穷尽搜索的方式寻找最优匹配像素块,以及采用固定大小的修复像素块进行修复时产生的错误匹配和信息延伸对图像修复质量的影响,根据像素点周围邻域信息对该像素点的决定作用和结构信息的重要性,提出一种区域搜索和自适应模板图像修复方法,以增强信息的局部协调性和边界信息的恢复能力,提高图像整体的修复效果。大量实验表明,改进算法在减少修复时间的同时,能较好地保持图像的结构,从而使修复结果达到更好的视觉效果。     

块关联匹配与低秩矩阵超分辨融合的图像修复

针对块匹配图像修复算法容易出现结构不连贯与块效应问题,提出一种两阶段图像修复方法.该方法通过增加相邻修复块在重叠区域的关联性约束,利用图像块关联匹配修复算法实现对降采样受损图像的粗修复,以保证图像主体结构的完整性;依据不同分辨率图像中像素点与其8邻域的线性相关性,引入带噪低秩矩阵填充算法对图像细节进行超分辨率精修复,使修复后图像的纹理与色彩变化具有连续性.实验结果表明,文中方法对包含渐变特征的自然图像修复具有更好的视觉效果.     

基于光场图像序列的自适应权值块匹配深度估计算法

现有的深度估计算法中,针对光场序列图像进行深度估计时,在图像亮度变化较大和弱纹理区域,其匹配效果较差,鲁棒性较低.针对这些问题,本文提出了一种基于CIELab颜色空间的自适应权值块匹配算法.由于彩色图像RGB颜色空间中颜色差异匹配影响因素较多,本算法转换到CIELab空间进行颜色相似性匹配来计算权重值,然后结合梯度和距离计算匹配图像和待匹配图像中匹配块得到综合权重值,最后根据极平面图像（EPI）的线性特性对图像序列中匹配图像和待匹配图像块进行匹配计算,求得深度图.经过仿真验证,本文算法能够较好的估计场景的深度信息,精度上有较大的提升,明显优于以往的深度估计算法,可以广泛使用.     

基于FMT的快速Copy-Move篡改检测

为了对图像篡改中常用的复制-移动伪造进行检测,基于傅里叶-梅林变换的平移、旋转和缩放的不变性提出一种快速图像区域分割和匹配的高效篡改检测算法.不同于以往模板匹配方式中按照单像素点移动得到重叠块划分方法,该算法采用相邻图像块的图像区域分割方式来减少整个图像块的数量.通过相似性匹配检测,得到初步的复制图像区域,然后利用边缘处理的方法处理改善篡改区域,从而达到改进篡改检测算法的效率和准确性.最后通过实验验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于矩阵相似度的最佳样本块匹配算法及其在图像修复中的应用

在基于纹理合成的图像修复算法中,最佳样本块匹配算法存在匹配精度不高和时间复杂度高等问题。针对上述问题,首先构造了块匹配算法,采用矩阵相似度来计算模板块与样本块之间的匹配度,以相对较粗的粒度初步选出最佳样本块的候选集。然后,又构造了像素点匹配算法,采用模板块与候选最佳样本块之间的误差矩阵的内积来计算对应像素点之间的匹配度,以更细的粒度来确定最终的最佳样本块。块匹配算法降低了时间复杂度,像素点匹配算法提高了匹配精度,因此,在此基础上构造的基于相似矩阵的最佳样本块匹配算法能够在不增加时间复杂度的情况下提高算法的匹配精度。实例验证结果表明,与当前基于纹理的图像修复算法相比,该算法的匹配精度提高,时间复杂度降低。     

基于自适应权重的遮挡信息立体匹配算法

针对传统局部立体匹配算法在深度不连续区域误匹配率高的问题,提出一种基于自适应权重的遮挡信息立体匹配算法。首先,采用左右一致性检测算法检测参考图像与目标图像的遮挡区域;然后利用遮挡信息,在代价聚合阶段降低遮挡区域像素点所占权重,在视差优化阶段采用扫描线传播方式选择水平方向最近点填充遮挡区域的视差;最后,根据Middlebury数据集提供的标准视差图为视差结果计算误匹配率。实验结果表明,基于自适应权重的遮挡信息匹配算法相对于自适应权重算法误匹配率降低了16%,并解决了局部立体匹配算法在深度不连续区域误匹配率高的问题,提高了算法的匹配精确性。     

基于LBP/C纹理分析的立体匹配算法

针对传统方法难以可靠估计图像中纹理单一区域像素点视差的问题,将纹理分析应用于立体匹配中,提出图像分块整体匹配的方法。首先用LBP/C纹理分析方法对图像纹理进行描述;然后进行基于区域生长的扩张检测,得到纹理单一图像块;最后对图像块进行整体匹配,得到纹理单一区域的稠密视差图。对国际标准图像进行测试,结果表明该算法能提高纹理单一区域稠密视差图的精度,具有实用价值。     

基于改进的种子点扩展自适应立体匹配算法

由于在图像中不同区域的纹理密集程度不同,因此使用固定窗口大小的算法无法兼顾纹理不同的区域,并且在视差不连续区域的匹配精度较低。针对该问题,提出一种自适应窗口和自适应权重相结合的算法,并且采用种子点扩展的方法。首先,通过交叉自适应窗口法,区分出连续点和孤立点,对于不同的分类点采用不同的处理方法。其次,针对每一个像素点,利用改进的自适应权重方法进行匹配。最后,提出一种新的种子点扩展的视差优化方法,对初始视差图进行精细化。实验结果表明,视差图中纹理密集区域和视差不连续区域的误匹配现象得到改善。该算法可以有效地处理图像中纹理分布不均的问题,提高了在视差不连续区域内匹配精度。     

基于自适应极线距离变换的立体匹配

针对极线距离变换对噪声的敏感性及其在不连续区域匹配的不确定性,提出一种基于自适应极线距离变换的立体匹配算法.自适应极线距离变换利用图像结构特征,提出迭代目标尺度算法与区域不连续图来自适应选择极线距离变换参数,将图像的强度信息转化为沿着极线局部分割区域的相对位置信息,在区分低纹理区域像素点的同时保持了图像边缘信息;采用局部极小窗口均值计算分割线长度,有效地提高了低纹理区域对噪声的鲁棒性.对多幅真实图像的实验结果表明,自适应极线距离变换对低纹理区域以及不连续区域是有效的,且采用变换后图像计算视差的立体匹配算法,有效地降低了图像边缘点和噪声点等不连续区域的误匹配率,提高了图像匹配精度.     

一种基于彩色分割的改进DSM视差匹配算法

提出了一种改进的视差匹配算法.采用基于图像彩色分割的自适应权重方法,提高了DSM算法中像素点显著性估计的准确度,降低了视差匹配的误匹配率;并利用同一彩色区域的像素视差的相关性,缩小了视差匹配的搜索范围,减少了视差匹配的运算量.使用Middlebury网站的标准测试图像对文中的视差匹配算法进行了评估,实验结果表明,提出的视差匹配算法与DSM算法相比,降低了误匹配率,并且提高了运算速度.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.