分组密码SHACAL2的Biclique攻击

分组密码算法SHACAL2是由Handschuh等人于2002年基于标准散列函数SHA2设计的,具有较高的安全性.利用SHACAL2算法密钥生成策略与扩散层的特点,构造了SHACAL2的首18轮32维Biclique.基于构造的Biclique对完整64轮SHACAL2算法应用Biclique攻击.分析结果表明,Biclique攻击恢复64轮SHACAL2密钥的数据复杂度不超过2224已知明文,时间复杂度约为2511.18次全轮加密.与已知分析结果相比,Biclique攻击所需的数据复杂度明显降低,且计算复杂度优于穷举攻击.对全轮的SHACAL2算法,Biclique攻击是一种相对有效的攻击方法.这是首次对SHACAL2算法的单密钥全轮攻击.     

Piccolo算法的相关密钥-不可能差分攻击

现有的对于Piccolo算法的安全性分析结果中,除Biclique分析外,以低于穷举搜索的复杂度最长仅攻击至14轮Piccolo-80和18轮Piccolo-128算法.通过分析Piccolo算法密钥扩展的信息泄漏规律,结合算法等效结构,利用相关密钥-不可能差分分析方法,基于分割攻击思想,分别给出了15轮Piccolo-80和21轮Piccolo-128含前向白化密钥的攻击结果.当选择相关密钥量为2⁸时,攻击所需的数据复杂度分别为2^58.6和2^62.3,存储复杂度分别为2^60.6和2^64.3,计算复杂度分别为2⁷⁸和2^82.5;在选择相关密钥量为2⁴时,攻击所需的数据复杂度均为2^62.6和2^62.3,存储复杂度分别为2^64.6和2^64.3,计算复杂度分别为2^77.93和2^124.45.分析结果表明,仅含前向白化密钥的15轮Piccolo-80算法和21轮Piccolo-128算法在相关密钥-不可能差分攻击下是不安全的.     

ARIRANG-256的Biclique攻击

对SHA-3计划候选算法ARIRANG采用的分组密码ARIRANG-256进行了安全性分析。利用ARIRANG-256的密钥扩展与算法本身的加密结构,建立9轮32维的Bicliques,并利用建立的Bicliques给出完整40轮ARIRANG-256的Biclique攻击结果,数据复杂度为232,计算复杂度为2510.8。攻击对数据量的要求非常小且计算复杂度优于穷举搜索攻击,是Biclique攻击在分组密码全轮安全性分析中的又一次成功应用。     

缩减轮数PRESENT算法的Biclique分析

轻量级分组密码算法PRESENT由于其出色的硬件实现性能和简洁的轮函数设计,一经提出便引起了工业界与学术界的广泛关注.文中作者基于Biclique分析方法,首次提出针对21轮PRESENT-80算法的Biclique密钥恢复攻击方法.该攻击方法需要278.9的计算复杂度和264的数据复杂度.此外,针对PRESENT-80的Bielique攻击也可推广到相同轮数的PRESENT-128和DM-PRESENT压缩函数的安全性分析.与其它已公开密码学安全性分析结果相比,作者提出的Bielique攻击在内存复杂度上具有一定的优势.     

ARIRANG-256的Biclique攻击

对SHA-3计划候选算法ARIRANG采用的分组密码ARIRANG-256进行了安全性分析。利用ARIRANG-256的密钥扩展与算法本身的加密结构,建立9轮32维的Bicliques,并利用建立的Bicliques给出完整40轮ARIRANG-256的Biclique攻击结果,数据复杂度为232,计算复杂度为2510.8。攻击对数据量的要求非常小且计算复杂度优于穷举搜索攻击,是Biclique攻击在分组密码全轮安全性分析中的又一次成功应用。     

SKINNY-n-n算法和MANTIS算法的相关密钥分析

通过分析SKINNY算法的密钥扩展算法特性以及算法结构,给出了两类SKINNY-n-n算法的相关密钥不可能差分区分器,而后据此对19轮的SKINNY算法进行了攻击,得到了对于SKINNY-64-64和SKINNY-128-128攻击所需数据复杂度分别为2~(55)、2~(104)个选择明文,计算复杂度分别为为2~(40. 82)次19轮SKINNY-64-64加密和2~(77. 76)次19轮SKINNY-128-128加密,存储复杂度分别为2~(48)和2~(96)。此外,针对SKINNY算法族中的低延迟变体-MANTIS算法,利用其FX结构以及密钥扩展算法的Tweakey结构,首先基于α映射,给出了一类平凡相关密钥差分特征;而后找到一种1轮循环结构,借此构造了对于MANTIS_(r core)的相关密钥矩阵区分器(1≤r≤6);最后,利用现有的对于MANTIS_5的攻击结果,改进得到了一类新的相关密钥差分路径,将区分器概率提高到2~(28. 35),有效降低攻击所需复杂度。     

轻量级分组密码MIBS-80算法的Biclique分析

提出了针对轻量级分组密码算法 MIBS-80 的 Biclique 分析.利用两条独立的相关密钥差分路径,构造了4轮维度为4 的 Biclique 结构,在此基础上对密钥空间进行了划分,结合预计算技术,对每一个密钥子空间进行筛选以降低中间相遇攻击所需的计算复杂度,实施了对12 轮 MIBS-80 的密钥恢复攻击.攻击的数据复杂度为2⁵²个选择明文,计算复杂度约为2^77.13次12 轮 MIBS-80 加密,存储复杂度约为2^8.17,成功实施攻击的概率为1.与已有攻击方法相比,在存储复杂度及成功率方面具有优势.     

对全轮3D分组密码算法的Biclique攻击

3D算法是CANS 2008会议上提出的一种代替-置换网络型分组密码算法.该文通过构造3D算法的Biclique结构,提出了对全轮3D算法的Biclique攻击.该攻击可以扩展为对r轮3D算法的一般化Biclique攻击(r10).结果表明,Biclique攻击数据复杂度为232个选择密文,在时间复杂度上优于穷举.     

分组密码AES的非平衡Biclique结构性质

Biclique攻击是目前唯一能将对AES全轮攻击降至穷举攻击之下的密钥恢复攻击,Biclique结构决定着攻击算法的复杂性,为了提高对全轮AES 的Biclique攻击的效率,研究了AES的非平衡Biclique结构性质。通过分析AES编码环节对Biclique结构的影响,给出了寻找AES非平衡Biclique结构的算法思路及其相关性质,对于AES-128、AES-192、AES-256三种密码模型,分别给出了其非平衡Biclique结构的分布特征,具体列出了初始差分活动字节个数达到最小或最大的非平衡Biclique结构。     

分组密码TWINE的中间相遇攻击

将Biclique初始结构与标准的三子集中间相遇攻击相结合,给出了一种普遍的中间相遇攻击模式.与Biclique分析相比,该模式下的攻击作为算法抗中间相遇攻击的结果更为合理.进一步地,评估了算法TWINE抗中间相遇攻击的能力,通过合理选择中立比特位置以及部分匹配位置,给出了18轮TWINE-80以及22轮TWINE-128算法的中间相遇攻击结果.到目前为止,这是TWINE算法分析中数据复杂度最小的攻击结果.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate