基于几何变换特征集的水印图像失真校正算法

提出了一种基于几何变换特征集的水印图像几何失真校正算法,采用水印图像攻击前与攻击后的几何变化特征集对水印图像几何失真进行失真校正,算法不但可以校正水印图像的旋转失真和缩放失真,还可校正联合失真。实验证明,算法性能稳定、校正精度高、可以有效地校正大强度几何失真。     

基于Cartesian矩的水印图像矫正算法

提出了一种水印图像矫正算法。该算法利用水印图像几何变换前后的Cartesian矩计算出水印图像缩放的尺度因子、旋转角度和平移参数，实现了对水印图像几何失真的快速矫正，不但可以校正水印图像的旋转失真、缩放失真和平移失真，还能有效地矫正联合失真。实验表明，该算法矫正精度高、性能稳定、计算量小，可以快速准确地矫正水印图像的高强度几何失真和联合失真。     

一种抗几何失真的水印校正方法研究

几何攻击会使大多数水印算法监测器失效,从而制约了水印技术的实用性.提出一种基于特征点集和Hausdorff距离的抗旋转和缩放攻击的数字水印检测校正方法.算法利用水印图像受攻击前后的小波域特征点集和点集之间的Hausdorff距离来估计图像所经历的几何失真.实验证明,算法性能稳定、精度高、可校正较大强度的联合几何失真.     

基于小波变换和神经网络的盲数字水印算法

文中提出了一种基于小波变换和神经网络的盲数字水印算法。算法嵌入的水印信息是一幅二值图像,每位水印信息被连续多次嵌入宿主图像小波分解的低频子带。利用提取含水印图像小波分解的低频子图的特征点坐标集估计水印图像遭受的几何失真,根据估计的几何失真参数对受到几何攻击的水印图像进行校正,最后利用神经网络很好的非线性映射和自适应学习功能实现水印信息的盲提取。实验表明,算法对常见的图像处理和几何攻击具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于几何校正与非下采样Shearlet变换的图像水印算法

为了解决当前图像水印技术难以抵御几何失真,使其鲁棒性较低与误检率较高的问题,提出了几何校正与非下采样Shearlet变换的图像水印算法.首先,引入Cat映射,对水印信息图像进行置乱;随后,借助非下采样Shearlet变换机制,对载体图像进行处理,获取低通子带和高通子带,并将低通子带分割为尺寸相同的小块;通过修改低通子带的Shearlet系数,建立水印嵌入机制,将水印信息植入到载体图像中,获取水印密文;构建几何失真图像训练样本,基于极谐变换,计算水印图像的极谐变换系数模,充分描述其鲁棒特征;基于模糊支持向量机,预测几何失真参数,对水印图像进行几何校正;最后,再次利用非下采样Shearlet变换处理校正水印图像,获取低通子带小块,设计水印提取方法,复原其水印信息.实验结果显示：与当前图像水印算法相比,所提算法具有更高的不可感知能力与鲁棒性,对于各种几何攻击,所提取技术的复原水印与初始水印的相关系数均要高于0.95.     

基于SIFT特征点的抗几何失真数字水印算法

提出了一种基于图像不变特征的鲁棒数字水印算法。该方法在图像的小波域中嵌入水印;在水印检测之前,利用图像中稳定的SIFT(尺度不变特征变换)特征点估计几何失真参数,对可能失真的水印图像进行校正,从而可以准确的提取水印信息。实验结果表明,该算法对剪裁、旋转、缩放等各类几何攻击具有很好的鲁棒性。     

一种抗几何失真的彩色图像数字水印算法*

提出了一种基于SIFT(尺度特征变换)特征点校正几何参数的小波域彩色图像水印算法.该算法利用RGB彩色图像中蓝色与绿色分量的小波系数之间的关系,在蓝色水平细节和垂直细节中嵌入相同的水印;水印检测前,利用红色分量中的SIFT特征点估计几何参数,校正失真水印图像,从而可以无失真地提取水印.实验结果表明,该算法对压缩、噪声、剪裁、旋转、缩放等各类几何攻击具有很好的鲁棒性.     

图像块的不可见性与鲁棒性均衡水印算法

目的 为协调水印算法不可见性与鲁棒性之间的矛盾,提高水印算法抵抗几何攻击的能力,提出一种图像块的不可见性与鲁棒性均衡水印算法。方法 将宿主图像分成互不重叠的图像块,利用人类视觉系统的掩蔽特性对每个图像块的纹理特征和边缘特征进行分析,选择掩蔽性好的图像块作为嵌入子块。对嵌入子块作2级离散小波变换,将其低频子带进行奇异值分解,通过修改U矩阵第1列元素间的大小关系嵌入Arnold置乱后的水印信息。在水印提取前,对几何失真含水印图像利用图像尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）特征点的坐标关系和尺度特征进行几何校正,恢复水印的同步性。结果 对标准灰度图像进行实验,含水印图像的峰值信噪比都可以达到44 dB以上。对含水印图像进行常规攻击和几何攻击,提取出的水印图像与原始水印图像的归一化互相关系数大部分都能达到0.99以上,说明该算法不仅具有良好的不可见性,对常见攻击和几何攻击都具有较强的鲁棒性。结论 选择掩蔽性好的图像块作为水印嵌入位置能够充分保证水印算法的不可见性,特别是水印提取前利用SIFT特征点具有旋转、缩放和平移不变性对几何失真含水印图像实现有效校正,提高了含水印图像抵抗几何攻击的能力,较好地协调水印算法不可见性与鲁棒性之间的矛盾。     

基于QR分解的Contourlet域抗几何攻击水印算法

为了提高数字水印产品的抗几何攻击能力,提出一种基于QR分解的Contourlet域抗几何攻击水印算法。该算法首先对宿主图像Contourlet变换后的低频子带进行分块QR分解,通过轻微修改各子块Q矩阵第一列第二行元素和第三行元素的大小关系嵌入Arnold置乱后的水印信息,并且利用R矩阵对各子块进行相应的视觉失真补偿操作。在水印提取前,利用尺度不变特征变换SIFT特征点具有的旋转、缩放和平移不变性对几何失真含水印图像进行几何校正,恢复水印的同步性,使算法具备抵抗几何攻击的能力。实验结果表明,该算法的不可见性良好,而且对于常规攻击和多种几何攻击都具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于奇异值分解的、抗几何失真的数字水印算法

许多现有的适用于图像的数字水印对几何失真都是很敏感的。尤其是此类失真会严重妨碍对水印的盲提取。为此，提出了一种基于奇异值分解的数字水印算法，它对常见的几何失真是稳健的。此水印是被嵌入到图像分解后的奇异值之中。根据奇异值分解的代数性质，严格证明了嵌入了水印的图像在受到转置、镜像、旋转、放大和平移等几何失真后，其奇异值是不变的。在经过了上述的几何失真、一般的信号处理操作或JPEG压缩以后，嵌入的水印能够被可靠地提取和检测。实验结果表明本算法具有很好的稳健性。     

Geometrically invariant image watermarking using SVR correction in NSCT domain

Based on the support vector regression (SVR) geometric distortions correction, we propose a robust image watermarking algorithm in nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain with good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward geometric attacks in this paper. Firstly, the NSCT is performed on original host image, and corresponding low-pass subband is selected for embedding watermark. Then, the selected low-pass subband is divided into small blocks. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into host image by modulating the NSCT coefficients in small blocks. In digital watermark detecting procedure, the SVR geometrical distortions correction is utilized. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is invisible, and robust against common image processing and some geometrical attacks.     

基于边缘细化的角点提取算法

图像的角点提取在计算机视觉领域中具有重要的应用价值。本文基于角点一定是边缘点且是两条边缘或多条边缘交点的这一几何特性，提出了一种基于边缘细化的角点提取算法。算法先用Canny算子提取图像的边缘，然后进行细化并填充边界线上的断点，再利用角点的几何特性来确定角点的位置。实验结果表明，这种算法提高了角点提取的正确率、定位精确、实用性强。     

Robust digital watermarking in PDTDFB domain based on least squares support vector machine

Geometric distortion is known as one of the most difficult attacks to resist, for it can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence causes incorrect watermark detection. It is a challenging work to design a robust image watermarking scheme against geometric distortions. Based on the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) geometric distortions correction, we propose a new image watermarking scheme in shiftable complex directional pyramid (PDTDFB) domain with good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward geometric distortions in this paper. Firstly, the PDTDFB decomposition is performed on the original host image. Then, the corresponding lowpass subband is divided into small blocks. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into host image by modulating the selected lowpass PDTDFB coefficients in small blocks. The main steps of digital watermark detecting procedure include: (1) the PDTDFB decomposition is performed on the test images, and some low-order Gaussian–Hermite moment energy of highpass subbands are computed, which are regarded as the effective feature vectors; (2) the appropriate kernel function is selected for training, and a LS-SVM training model can be obtained; (3) the watermarked image is corrected with the well trained LS-SVM model; and (4) the digital watermark is extracted from the corrected watermarked image. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is not only invisible and robust against common image processing operations such as filtering, noise adding, and JPEG compression etc, but also robust against the geometrical distortions.     

基于傅里叶-梅林矩的抗几何攻击图像水印算法

如何有效抵抗几何攻击是数字图像水印研究领域的热点问题之一,一个微弱不可觉察的几何攻击就可能使绝大多数水印算法失效。以不变矩理论为基础,提出了一种基于正交傅里叶-梅林矩的可有效抵抗几何攻击的图像水印新算法。结合傅里叶-梅林矩的几何不变特性,计算出原始图像的傅里叶-梅林矩;根据稳定矩的选取规则选取部分稳定的傅里叶-梅林矩,采用量化调制策略将水印信息嵌入到所选矩的幅值中;将傅里叶-梅林矩修改前后的重构差值图像叠加到原始载体图像中,得到含水印图像。仿真实验表明,该算法不仅具有较好的不可感知性,而且对常规信号处理和几何攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Geometric attack resistant image watermarking based on MSER

Geometric distortions are simple and effective attacks rendering many watermarking methods useless. They make detection and extraction of the embedded watermark difficult or even impossible by destroying the synchronization between the watermark reader and the embedded watermark. In this paper, we propose a blind content-based image watermarking scheme against geometric distortions. Firstly, the MSER detector is adopted to extract a set of maximally stable extremal regions which are affine covariant and robust to geometric distortions and common signal processing. Secondly, every original MSER is fitted into an elliptical region that was proved to be affine invariant. In order to achieve rotation invariance, an image normalization process is performed to transform the elliptical regions into circular ones. Finally, watermarks are repeatedly embedded into every circular disk by modifying the wavelet transform coefficients. Experimental results on standard benchmark demonstrate that the proposed scheme is robust to geometric distortions as well as common signal processing.     

A new robust digital watermarking based on exponent moments invariants in nonsubsampled contourlet transform domain

Geometric distortions are usually difficult for watermark to survive. It is a challenging work to design a robust image watermarking scheme against geometric distortions. Exponent moments (EMs) is a new kind of orthogonal moment defined on the circular domain. EMs are free of numerical instability so that high order moments can be computed accurately. The modulus of EMs is invariant to geometric transformation. In this paper, we propose a new robust image watermarking based on EMs invariants in nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain. Firstly, the NSCT, which has better directional frequency localization and a fast implementation, is applied on host image. Secondly, the EMs of the low-pass NSCT subband are computed, and the accurate EMs are selected. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded by quantizing the modulus of the selected EMs. Experimental results confirm the validity of our approach and its higher robustness against geometric distortions.     

A novel image watermarking in redistributed invariant wavelet domain

Most existing digital watermarking algorithms, which are based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform, are not robust to geometric distortions, even if for some special distortions, such as multiples of 90° rotation of integers and image flipping, which change the location of pixels but have no effect on the value of the image. Therefore, to solve the problem, according to Haar wavelet transform theory, the redistributed invariant wavelet domain is constructed and proofed in this paper; a novel image watermarking algorithm, based on the invariant domain, is proposed to eliminate such distortions. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm not only can resist the common image processing operations, but also successfully resist the distortions that result from multiples of 90° rotations of integers and image flipping.     

基于运动矢量的抗几何攻击视频水印方案

许多数字图像和视频水印方案都无法抵挡几何变换攻击,即使是轻微的旋转、缩放、平移也将会破坏水印的同步,这就使得水印难以检测出来。为解决此难题,提出了一种新颖的视频水印算法。该算法利用了运动矢量特征的相对关系不易随几何失真变换而改变的特性,使得水印具有内在的抗几何失真的鲁棒性。该算法中,水印嵌入和检测时,不仅可根据平均运动矢量的方向和幅度确定水印模板的位置和方向,而且水印检测不需要原始视频。实验表明,该水印算法对几何变换攻击具有较强的鲁棒性。