基于遗传算法的QoS组播路由选择方法

考虑了组播通信服务质量需求与网络资源约束,将满足不同约束的QoS组播路由选择过程转化为一个多目标优化问题,使用一种基于QoS的最小网络费用组播路由树生成算法来寻找最小Steiner树。该方法可以在满足多约束的情况下,寻找费用最小的组播路由树,仿真结果表明该算法有较好的性能。     

基于量子粒子群算法的组播路由优化

不确定网络性能参数下的多约束QoS组播路由优化已成为安全组播领域以及下一代Internet和高性能网络的一个重要研究课题。多约束QoS组播路由优化是NP-完全的多目标优化问题。提出了一个新的量子粒子群算法,其具有收敛速度快、全局性能好等特点。通过应用该算法求解多约束QoS组播路由优化问题的仿真实现,结果表明,该算法取得了较好的效果。     

基于暂态混沌神经网络的组播路由算法

讨论了高速包交换计算机网络中具有端到端时延的组播路由问题。首先给出了这类问题的网络模型及其数学描述，然后提出了基于暂态混沌神经网络的组播路由算法。实验结果表明，该算法能够快速有效地实现组播路由优化，并且计算性能及解的质量优于基于Hopfield神经网络的路由算法。     

基于遗传算法的实时组播通信路由算法

组播通信路由技术是视频广播、计算机会议、CSCW()等新型分布式计算的关键技术.提出了基于分布式遗传算法的共享树组播路由算法,包括包交换的网络组播树的建立、组播树的动态维护和计算满足特定时延和时延抖动限制的近似斯坦利最小树算法等.利用它可以实现在给定网络和组播需求的情况下,在组成员间寻找动态的组播树,并使该树覆盖所有的成员,并约束网络费用达到最小.进而解决树状路由的建立以及树状路由的动态维护等问题.     

基于遗传算法的多约束QoS组播路由优化算法

在计算机网络中,随着大量新兴多媒体实时业务的应用,组播路由问题成为越来越重要的课题。组播路由问题在计算机网络中是著名的Steiner树问题,同时也是NP完全问题。目前许多研究者在单约束(特别是延时约束)组播路由中取得了较好的成果,但对于多约束Qos组播路由方面的研究相对比较少。论文提出了一种基于遗传算法的多约束组播路由优化算法,该算法在满足带宽、延时、延时抖动和包丢失率约束条件下寻找代价最小的组播树,文中描述了一种适应于研究Qos组播路由的网络模型。最后通过仿真实验证明该算法操作简单、搜索速度快、效率高且具有较强的实用性和鲁棒性。     

IP/DWDM光Internet中一种演化一单纯形QoS组播路由算法

本文设计了一种 IP/DWDM 光 Internet 中的 QoS 组播路由算法。在给定用户请求的情况下,基于演化-单纯形算法构造带宽、延迟、延迟抖动与出错率受限且费用优化的 QoS 组播路由树,兼顾网络负载均衡。仿真结果表明,该算法是可行和有效的,明显优于基于传统遗传算法的 QoS 组播路由算法。     

一种具有时延约束的组播路由算法研究*

对于多媒体应用等实时组播业务而言,组播路由算法不仅要考虑优化代价,还要考虑时延约束。针对这一问题,提出一种支持动态组播的时延受限低代价组播路由启发式算法(delay-constrained multicast algorithm,DCMA)。该算法基于DDMC算法进行扩展,采用新的指示函数和链路选择函数,综合考虑了时延和代价,有效保证了组播树的性能,而且时间复杂度低,可用于实际的应用系统中。     

IP／DWDM光Internet中一种演化-单纯形QoS组播路由算法

本文设计了一种IP／DWDM光Internet中的QoS组播路由算法。在给定用户请求的情况下，基于演化一单纯形算法构造带宽、延迟、延迟抖动与出错率受限且费用优化的QoS组播路由树，兼顾网络负载均衡。仿真结果表明，该算法是可行和有效的，明显优于基于传统遗传算法的QoS组播路由算法。     

基于蚁群优化的分布式Qos多播路由方法研究

提出了一种基于蚁群优化的分布式QoS多播路由算法,蚁群算法是解决多QoS约束组播路由问题的一种启发式算法,多QoS约束的组播路由技术是当前实现分布式网络多媒体的关键技术.给出了该算法实现的步骤,还结合多播路由问题的特点对算法进行了改进.通过仿真实验讨论了该方法的性能,并与传统的蚁群算法对比,证实了该方法的有效性.     

WDM网络中实时组播的分布式路由与波长分配算法

在WDM网络中,由于每条链路上可用波长是动态变化的,在考虑波长转换延迟时间的条件下,实现实时组播连接的路由与波长分配是十分困难的。该文提出了一种用于建立实时组播连接的分布式路由与波长分配算法。该算法将路由与波长分配统一进行,大大减少连接的建立时间。组播路由算法以Prim最小生成树算法和K-度宽度优先搜索方法为基础,生成一棵满足给定延迟时限的最小成本树。波长分配使用最少波长转换和负载平衡策略。     

Robust load-balanced backbone-based multicast routing in mobile opportunistic networks

Mobile opportunistic network (MON) is an efficient way of communication when there is no persistent connection between nodes. Multicast in MONs can be used to efficiently deliver messages to multiple destination nodes. However, because multiple destination nodes are involved, multicast routing is more complex than unicast and brings a higher communication cost. Backbone-based routing can effectively reduce the network overhead and the complexity of routing scheme. However, the load of backbone nodes is larger than that of regular nodes. If the backbone node’s buffer is exhausted, it will have a significant impact on the performance of the routing scheme. Load balancing can improve the ability of backbone to deal with the change of network load, and backbone maintenance algorithm can provide backbone robustness. In this paper, we propose a robust load-balanced backbone-based multicast routing scheme in MONs. In the backbone construction algorithm, we transform the problem of backbone construction into a multi-objective optimization problem, and propose a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm-based backbone construction algorithm, namely LBMBC-MOEA algorithm. In addition, in order to increase the robustness of the backbone-based routing scheme, we propose a localized multicast backbone maintenance algorithm (MBMA) to deal with the buffer exhaustion of backbone nodes. When a backbone node’s residual buffer is insufficient, MBMA algorithm selects other nodes to replace the backbone node. The results on extensive simulations show that when considering the node buffer size constraints, compared with previous backbone-based multicast routing schemes, our proposed algorithm has better performance, and when the node’s residual buffer is insufficient, MBMA algorithm can significantly improve the performance of the backbone-based multicast routing scheme.     

A note on distributed multicast routing in point-to-point networks

The distributed algorithm for a multicast connection set-up, based on the ‘cheapest insertion’ heuristic, is reviewed. The multicast routing problem is translated into a Steiner tree problem in point-to-point networks where nodes have only a limited knowledge about the network. A solution is proposed in which the time complexity and the amount of information exchanged between network nodes are proportional to the number of members of the multicast group. The Steiner tree is constructed by means of a distributed table-passing algorithm. The analysis of the algorithm presented, backed up by simulation results, confirms its superiority over the algorithm based on ‘waving technique’.Scope and purposeMulticasting is a mechanism used in communication networks that allows distribution of information from a single source to multiple destinations. The problem of finding a multicast connection for a static group of communicating entities in connection-oriented point-to-point network can be formulated in graph theory as a minimum Steiner tree problem. Due to NP-completeness of the Steiner tree problem multicast, routing algorithms are based on heuristics. The diversity of network environments and the lack of centralised information about network topology require an effective distribution of the multicast routing algorithms among the network nodes. This article presents an alternative to the distributed algorithm proposed by Rugelj and Klavzar that implements the same heuristics for the construction of a minimum cost multicast connection in point-to-point networks. The present algorithm constitutes a substantial improvement over that previously proposed with regard to running time and the amount of the information exchanged between network nodes.     

基于骨干结点集的移动IP组播路由算法研究

为了优化移动IP组播生成树代价,减少移动结点切换加入时延和信息传输时延,引入了移动IP"骨干结点集"思想,设计了移动IP组播路由算法BNSBMR(bone node set-based muhicast routing algorithm),"骨干结点集"是移动IP环境下满足一定条件的IP子网接入路由器AR(access router)的集合.该算法通过"骨干结点集"降低移动IP组播生成树的代价;减少移动结点切换的加入时延;并通过路径优化降低信息传输时延.理论上证明了算法的正确性,并分析了其计算复杂度.仿真实验表明:BNSBMR算法从树代价、加入时延、传输时延3个方面提高了移动IP环境下组播业务满足QoS约束的能力.     

基于局部信息的时延和时延差约束的组播路由

组播通信是从一个源节点同时向网络中的多个目的节点发送分组的通信服务,它一般提供一个以上的端到端的服务约束,实际的路由算法在应用时可以受到多重约束,解决这类问题的组播路由算法是NP完全的。在研究了构建组播树的相关算法后,提出了一种新的时延和时延差约束的低代价组播路由算法-DDVMC。该算法采用基于贪婪策略的Dijkstra最小生成树算法,利用局部信息来构建低代价组播树,很好地平衡了树的代价、时延和时延差。仿真表明,该算法能正确地构造出满足约束的组播树,同时还具有较低的代价和计算复杂度。     

Optimal multicast routing with quality of service constraints

We consider the problem of optimal multicast routing with Quality of Service constraints motivated by the requirements of interactive continuous media communication, e.g., real-time teleconferencing. We concentrate on distributed algorithms for determining a tree over the network topology, rooted at the source and spanning the intended destinations. Quality of Service requirements for interactive continuous media typically impose constraints on some metric over the individual paths from the source to each destination, usually in the form of an upper bound on the delay. Thus, we focus on the problem of minimizing the cost of the tree while at the same time satisfying a common constraint over individual source-destination paths. We have shown that this problem is intractable, but have also devised centralized polynomial time heuristics that perform well. Here we present distributed algorithms to minimize tree cost while satisfying the constraints on the paths from the source to each destination.     

时延受限组播路由的最短路径加速算法求解

分析了时延受限的Steiner树问题,总结了在构建组播树过程中的代价和计算复杂度变化规律,并根据实际网络环境,从优化最短路径出发,提出了一种基于优化最短路径的时延受限组播路由算法AOSPMPH。该算法以MPH算法为基础,利用Floyd最短路径优化算法求出节点对之间的最短路径,选择满足时延要求的最小代价路径加入组播树,进而产生一棵满足时延约束的最小代价组播树。仿真结果表明,AOSPMPH不但能正确地构造时延约束组播树,而且其代价和计算复杂度与其他同类算法相比得到了优化。     

基于蚁群系统的动态QoS多播路由算法

基于蚁群系统的自组织能力,提出了一个分布式的动态QoS多播路由的算法。与其他算法不同,在该算法中,蚁群从多播组的目的结点出发进行搜索,将每次迭代选中的符合QoS约束且具有最小代价的路径加入到多播树中,而多播树以“拉”的模式分布式地被构造。仿真结果表明,与其他两种算法相比,该算法具有更好的性能,能够快速有效地找到动态QoS多播路由问题的全局最（近）优解。     

一种公平分配代价的组播路由算法

本文提出了一种公平分配代价的组播路由算法 DFC_ DCMT- -分布式公平分配代价的延迟受限组播路由算法 ,该算法在优化 tree- cost的条件下 ,能够计算出满足延迟限制的、各目的节点公平负担网络代价的点到多点的组播路由树 .本文还给出一种近似算法 ,可减少节点间交换的信息量 ,同时在一般情况下仍保持各目的节点公平负担网络代价 .     

基三分层网络中的受限多播路由算法

多播路由算法对互连网络的通信性能和多处理机系统性能的发挥起着重要作用。针对基三分层互连网络，在权衡性能、成本和实现的基础上，提出一种基于树的受限多播路由算法TRMA。该算法充分利用基三分层互连网络的层次特性和节点编码中所含的网络拓扑信息实现消息路由，算法设计简单，易于硬件实现。和其他基于树的多播路由算法相比，TRMA算法不需要源节点在发送消息前构建多播树,并将多播树的信息存放在消息中，大大降低了源节点的工作负载，提高整个系统的性能。通过仿真比较了TRMA和基于单播的多播路由算法，结果表明TRMA具有较低的网络延迟和较小的网络流量。     

TTPM – An efficient deadlock-free algorithm for multicast communication in 2D torus networks

A torus network has become increasingly important to multicomputer design because of its many features including scalability, low bandwidth and fixed degree of nodes. A multicast communication is a significant operation in multicomputer systems and can be used to support several other collective communication operations. This paper presents an efficient algorithm, TTPM, to find a deadlock-free multicast wormhole routing in two-dimensional torus parallel machines. The introduced algorithm is designed such that messages can be sent to any number of destinations within two start-up communication phases; hence the name Torus Two Phase Multicast (TTPM) algorithm. An efficient routing function is developed and used as a basis for the introduced algorithm. Also, TTPM allows some intermediate nodes that are not in the destination set to perform multicast functions. This feature allows flexibility in multicast path selection and therefore improves the performance. Performance results of a simulation study on torus networks are discussed to compare TTPM algorithm with a previous algorithm.