矢量量化的遗传k-均值算法

提出了一种遗传k-均值算法，该算法通过改进标准遗传操作及采用可变变异率，使其在矢量量化应用中表现出很好的性能．实验证明，该算法能够获得质量高于k-均值和模糊k-均值算法的矢量量化码书，为设计全局最优码书提供了新思路。     

改进遗传算法及其在电抗器优化设计中的应用

提出了一种新的改进遗传算法，描述了其自适应交叉概率、变异概率等算子的设计；将其应用于电抗器的优化计算中并获得良好的优化效果。     

A self-organizing genetic algorithm for multimodal function optimization

A genetic algorithm (GA) has control parameters that must be determined before execution. We propose a self-organizing genetic algorithm (SOGA) as a multimodal function optimizer which sets GA parameters such as population size, crossover probability, and mutation probability adaptively during the execution of a genetic algorithm. In SOGA, GA parameters change according to the fitnesses of individuals. SOGA and other approaches for adapting operator probabilities in GAs are discussed. The validity of the proposed algorithm is verified in simulation examples, including system identification. This work was presented, in part, at the International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, February 18–20, 1996     

An improved adaptive genetic algorithm based on hormone modulation mechanism for job-shop scheduling problem

An improved adaptive genetic algorithm (IAGA) for solving the minimum makespan problem of job-shop scheduling problem (JSP) is presented. Though the traditional genetic algorithm (GA) exhibits implicit parallelism and can retain useful redundant information about what is learned from previous searches by its representation in individuals in the population, yet GA may lose solutions and substructures due to the disruptive effects of genetic operators and is not easy to regulate GA’s convergence. The proposed IAGA is inspired from hormone modulation mechanism, and then the adaptive crossover probability and adaptive mutation probability are designed. The proposed IAGA is characterized by simplifying operations, high search precision, overcoming premature phenomenon and slow evolution. The proposed method by employing operation-based encoding is effectively applied to solve a dynamic job-shop scheduling problem (DJSP) and a complicated contrastive experiment of JSP in manufacturing system. Meanwhile, in order to ensure to create a feasible solution, a new method for crossover operation is adopted, named, partheno-genetic operation (PGO). The computational results validate the effectiveness of the proposed IAGA, which can not only find optimal or close-to-optimal solutions but can also obtain both better and more robust results than the existing genetic algorithms reported recently in the literature. By employing IAGA, machines can be used more efficiently, which means that tasks can be allocated appropriately, production efficiency can be improved, and the production cycle can be shortened efficiently.     

一种新的基于遗传操作的改进型遗传算法

交叉与变异是遗传算法的重要操作,提出了一种新的基于遗传操作的改进型遗传算法.采用最优保留和改进的轮盘赌选择方法,通过基因交叉概率控制交叉,根据高斯分布改进了交叉算子和变异算子,保证了算法的全局搜索能力、局部搜索能力及收敛速度.通过标准函数的数值实验,验证了新算法的有效性.     

Development of a genetic algorithm for component placement sequence optimization in printed circuit board assembly

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a custom application exploring the use of genetic algorithms (GA) to solve a component placement sequencing problem for printed circuit board (PCB) assembly. In the assembly of PCB’s, the component placement process is often the bottleneck, and the equipment to complete component placement is often the largest capital investment. The number of components placed on a PCB can range from few to hundreds. As a result, developing an application to determine an optimal or near-optimal placement sequence can translate into reduced cycle times for the overall assembly process and reduced assembly costs. A custom application was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of using GA’s to solve the component placement sequencing problem. A designed experiment was used to determine the best representation and crossover type, crossover rate, and mutation rate to use in solving a component sequencing problem for a PCB consisting of 10 components being placed on a single-headed placement machine. Three different representations (path, ordinal, and adjacency) and six appropriate crossover types (partially mapped, ordered, cycle, classical, alternating edges, and heuristic) were evaluated at three different mutation rates and at 11 crossover rates. Two algorithm response variables, the total distance traveled by the placement head and the algorithm solution efficiency (measured as number of generations and algorithm solution time) were used to evaluate the different GA applications. The combination of representation and crossover type along with mutation rate were found to be the most significant parameters in the algorithm design. In particular, path representation with order crossover was found to produce the best solution as measured by the total distance traveled as well as the solution generation efficiency. Increasing the mutation rate led to slightly improved solutions in terms of head travel, but also resulted in increased solution time.     

Dynamic path planning of mobile robots with improved genetic algorithm

In this study, a new mutation operator is proposed for the genetic algorithm (GA) and applied to the path planning problem of mobile robots in dynamic environments. Path planning for a mobile robot finds a feasible path from a starting node to a target node in an environment with obstacles. GA has been widely used to generate an optimal path by taking advantage of its strong optimization ability. While conventional random mutation operator in simple GA or some other improved mutation operators can cause infeasible paths, the proposed mutation operator does not and avoids premature convergence. In order to demonstrate the success of the proposed method, it is applied to two different dynamic environments and compared with previous improved GA studies in the literature. A GA with the proposed mutation operator finds the optimal path far too many times and converges more rapidly than the other methods do.     

A new genetic algorithm for the machine/part grouping problem involving processing times and lot sizes

This paper reports a new genetic algorithm (GA) for solving a general machine/part grouping (GMPG) problem. In the GMPG problem, processing times, lot sizes and machine capacities are all explicitly considered. To evaluate the solution quality of this type of grouping problems, a generalized grouping efficacy index is used as the performance measure and fitness function of the proposed genetic algorithm. The algorithm has been applied to solving several well-cited problems with randomly assigned processing times to all the operations. To examine the effects of the four major factors, namely parent selection, population size, mutation rate, and crossover points, a large grouping problem with 50 machines and 150 parts has been generated. A multi-factor (3⁴) experimental analysis has been carried out based on 324 GA solutions. The multi-factor ANOVA test results clearly indicate that all the four factors have a significant effect on the grouping output. It is also shown that the interactions between most of the four factors are significant and hence their cross effects on the solution should be also considered in solving GMPG problems.     

Various hybrid methods based on genetic algorithm with fuzzy logic controller

In this paper we propose several efficient hybrid methods based on genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic. The proposed hybridization methods combine a rough search technique, a fuzzy logic controller, and a local search technique. The rough search technique is used to initialize the population of the genetic algorithm (GA), its strategy is to make large jumps in the search space in order to avoid being trapped in local optima. The fuzzy logic controller is applied to dynamically regulate the fine-tuning structure of the genetic algorithm parameters (crossover ratio and mutation ratio). The local search technique is applied to find a better solution in the convergence region after the GA loop or within the GA loop. Five algorithms including one plain GA and four hybrid GAs along with some conventional heuristics are applied to three complex optimization problems. The results are analyzed and the best hybrid algorithm is recommended.     

基于改进遗传算法的电力系统经济负荷分配

针对电力系统经济负荷分配问题,分析了遗传算法与传统数学优化方法的不同优势与特性,提出一种求解电力系统经济负荷分配问题的改进遗传算法.利用极大熵理论将经济负荷分配问题转化为可微问题,将BFGS法引入遗传算法,提出了BFGS算子,以提高遗传算法的寻优速度与局部搜索能力.同时,应用单纯形交叉算子将种群逐步向最优点进行引导,实现算法的快速寻优.实例研究结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

The multi-criteria minimum spanning tree problem based genetic algorithm

Minimum spanning tree (MST) problem is of high importance in network optimization and can be solved efficiently. The multi-criteria MST (mc-MST) is a more realistic representation of the practical problems in the real world, but it is difficult for traditional optimization technique to deal with. In this paper, a non-generational genetic algorithm (GA) for mc-MST is proposed. To keep the population diversity, this paper designs an efficient crossover operator by using dislocation a crossover technique and builds a niche evolution procedure, where a better offspring does not replace the whole or most individuals but replaces the worse ones of the current population. To evaluate the non-generational GA, the solution sets generated by it are compared with solution sets from an improved algorithm for enumerating all Pareto optimal spanning trees. The improved enumeration algorithm is proved to find all Pareto optimal solutions and experimental results show that the non-generational GA is efficient.     

基于改进遗传算法的标签印刷生产调度技术

针对标签印刷生产过程中存在的多品种、小批量、客户定制化程度高、部分生产工序存在不确定性等问题建立了以最小化最大完工时间为目标的柔性作业车间调度模型,提出了一种改进遗传算法（GA）。首先,在标准遗传算法的基础上采用整数编码;然后,在选择操作阶段采用轮盘赌法,并通过引入精英解保留策略以确保算法收敛性;最后,提出动态自适应交叉和变异概率,从而保证算法在前期进行较大范围寻优,以避免早熟,而后期尽快收敛,以保证前期获得的优良个体不被破坏。为了验证所提改进遗传算法的可行性,首先采用Ft06基准算例把所提算法与标准遗传算法（GA）进行比较,结果显示改进遗传算法的最优解（55 s）优于标准遗传算法的最优解（56 s）,且改进遗传算法的迭代次数明显优于标准遗传算法;然后通过柔性作业车间调度问题（FJSP）的8×8、10×10和15×10标准算例进一步验证了算法的稳定性和寻优性能,在3个标准测试算例上改进遗传算法均在较短时间内取得了最优解;最后,将该算法用于求解标签印刷车间的排产问题时,使得加工效率比原来提高了50.3%。因此,提出的改进遗传算法可以有效应用于求解标签印刷车间的排产问题。     

应用改进的遗传算法求解TSP问题

旅行商问题,也称货郎担问题,属于完全NP问题,而遗传算法在解决组合排列问题方面占有很重要的地位.针对TSP问题,提出了一种改进的遗传算法.利用交换启发交叉算子和可变交叉概率实现局部搜索,加快算法的收敛速度,利用变换变异算子和可变变异概率维持群体的多样性防止算法早熟收敛.Java仿真实验结果表明,改进后的算法明显优于传统的遗传算法,说明该算法具有良好的有效性和可行性.     

Phase transitions and symmetry breaking in genetic algorithms with crossover

In this paper, we consider the role of the crossover operator in genetic algorithms. Specifically, we study optimisation problems that exhibit many local optima and consider how crossover affects the rate at which the population breaks the symmetry of the problem. As an example of such a problem, we consider the subset sum problem. In doing so, we demonstrate a previously unobserved phenomenon, whereby the genetic algorithm with crossover exhibits a critical mutation rate, at which its performance sharply diverges from that of the genetic algorithm without crossover. At this critical mutation rate, the genetic algorithm with crossover exhibits a rapid increase in population diversity. We calculate the details of this phenomenon on a simple instance of the subset sum problem and show that it is a classic phase transition between ordered and disordered populations. Finally, we show that this critical mutation rate corresponds to the transition between the genetic algorithm accelerating or preventing symmetry breaking and that the critical mutation rate represents an optimum in terms of the balance of exploration and exploitation within the algorithm.     

Solving Japanese nonograms by Taguchi-based genetic algorithm

A Taguchi-based genetic algorithm (TBGA) is proposed to solve Japanese nonogram puzzles. The TBGA exploits the power of global exploration inherent in the traditional genetic algorithm (GA) and the abilities of the Taguchi method in efficiently generating offspring. In past researches, the GA with binary encoding and inappropriate fitness functions makes a huge search space size and inaccurate direction for searching the solution of a nonogram. Consequently, the GA does not easily converge to the solution. The proposed TBGA includes the effective condensed encoding, the improved fitness function, the modified crossover, the modified mutation, and the Taguchi method for solving Japanese nonograms. The systematic reasoning ability of the Taguchi method is incorporated in the modified crossover operation to select the better genes to achieve crossover, and eventually enhance the GA. In this study, the condensed encoding can make sure that the chromosome is a feasible solution in all rows for Japanese nonograms. In the reconstruction process of a Japanese nonogram, the numbers in the left column are used as encoding conditions, and the numbers in the top row with the improved fitness function are employed to evaluate the reconstruction result. From the computational experiments, the proposed TBGA approach is effectively applied to solve nonograms and better than a GA does.     

A genetic algorithm with modified crossover operator and search area adaptation for the job-shop scheduling problem

The genetic algorithm with search area adaptation (GSA) has a capacity for adapting to the structure of solution space and controlling the tradeoff balance between global and local searches, even if we do not adjust the parameters of the genetic algorithm (GA), such as crossover and/or mutation rates. But, GSA needs the crossover operator that has ability for characteristic inheritance ratio control. In this paper, we propose the modified genetic algorithm with search area adaptation (mGSA) for solving the Job-shop scheduling problem (JSP). Unlike GSA, our proposed method does not need such a crossover operator. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct numerical experiments by using two benchmark problems. It is shown that this method has better performance than existing GAs.     

An oriented spanning tree based genetic algorithm for multi-criteria shortest path problems

This paper investigates an oriented spanning tree (OST) based genetic algorithm (GA) for the multi-criteria shortest path problem (MSPP) as well as the multi-criteria constrained shortest path problem (MCSPP). By encoding a path as an OST, in contrast with the existing evolutionary algorithms (EA) for shortest path problem (SPP), the designed GA provides a “search from a paths set to another paths set” mutation mechanism such that both of its local search and global search capabilities are greatly improved. Because the possibility to find a feasible path in a paths set is usually larger than that of only one path is feasible, the designed GA has more predominance for solving MCSPPs. Some computational tests are presented and the test results are compared with those obtained by a recent EA of which the encoding approach and the ideas of evolution operators such as mutation and crossover are adopted in most of the existing EAs for shortest path problems. The test results indicate that the new algorithm is available for both of MSPP and MCSPP.     

采用改进的混合遗传算法求解高校排课问题

为了解决一个存在大量合班现象的高校排课问题,建立了相应的数学模型并采用改进的混合遗传算法进行了求解。在产生初始种群的过程中进行了乱序处理,以提高初始种群中个体的多样性,避免早熟收敛现象的发生;为了防止种群的退化,引入了保留最优个体策略和竞争机制;根据问题的特点设计了与之相适应的遗传算子;为了提高种群进化的效率,交叉概率和变异概率都使用了自适应参数;为了提高算法的局部搜索能力,在交叉操作阶段采用了模拟退火算法。通过Matlab与Access混合编程,实现了对大规模数据的高效处理。实例结果表明,该算法能够有效地解决存在合班现象的高校排课问题。     

改进遗传模拟退火算法在TSP优化中的应用

针对旅行商问题(TSP)优化中,遗传算法(GA)容易陷入局部最优、模拟退火算法(SA)收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种基于改进遗传模拟退火算法(IGSAA)的TSP优化算法.首先根据优化目标建立数学模型;然后对遗传算法部分中的适应度函数、交叉变异算子进行改进,使算法能够更加有效地避免陷入局部最优;最后根据旧种群和新种群每个对应个体的进化程度提出一种改进自适应的Metropolis准则,使模拟退火算法部分的染色体跳变更具有自适应性,利于算法寻优.对不同TSP实例的实验结果表明,与其他路径优化算法优化结果相比,所提出的IGSAA算法能够对不同TSP实例优化得到更优的旅行路径.