考虑生产路径柔性的钢铁合同计划编制研究

在钢铁企业MTO管理模式下,通过对生产过程和质量设计的分析,提出了一种考虑生产路径柔性的合同计划编制新方法,建立了以工序能力均衡为目标的周合同计划编制模型,以此模型为基础研究质量设计生产路径柔性对合同计划工序负荷能力影响.针对模型特点,设计了改进变邻域搜索的模型求解算法,算法采用模拟退火的Metropolis准则,防止算法陷入局部最优.应用钢厂实际数据进行数字运算,结果表明,合理选择质量设计生产路径可以大幅度提高合同计划工序负荷率,验证了所提方法合理、有效.     

一种炼钢–连铸生产计划一体化编制方法

炼钢和连铸生产调度是钢铁企业生产调度的重要内容而且二者密切相关.目前采用的调度方法多是分别编制炼钢炉次计划和连铸浇次计划,还没有协调处理二者的有效办法.提出了一种炼钢-连铸生产计划的一体化编制方法.首先通过求解炼钢炉次计划编制的多目标优化模型得到炉次计划的多个候选方案,在此基础上通过求解以最小化计划数为目标的连铸浇次计划数学模型得到浇次计划,最后根据浇次计划从炉次计划的候选方案中确定炉次计划.求解过程中使用了多目标模拟退火算法和改进变邻域搜索算法.基于实际生产数据的仿真试验表明了所提方法的有效性.     

考虑生产路径柔性的钢铁合同计划编制研究

在钢铁企业MTO管理模式下,通过对生产过程和质量设计的分析,提出了一种考虑生产路径柔性的合同计划编制新方法,建立了以工序能力均衡为目标的周合同计划编制模型,以此模型为基础研究质量设计生产路径柔性对合同计划工序负荷能力影响。针对模型特点,设计了改进变邻域搜索的模型求解算法,算法采用模拟退火的Metropolis准则,防止算法陷入局部最优。应用铜厂实际数据进行数字运算,结果表明,合理选择质量设计生产路径可以大幅度提高合同计划工序负荷率,验证了所提方法合理、有效．     

汽车装配车间生产计划与调度的同时优化方法

文中提出三种新方法来解决汽车装配车间生产计划与调度的同时优化问题.首先将汽 车装配线简化为一个Flow shop问题,并建立其混合整数规划模型,以求得使各装配工位的准 备成本和空闲时间尽可能少并尽可能满足产品需求的粗生产计划.然后在粗生产计划的基础上 考虑装配线的细节,用Tabu搜索法与快速调度仿真相结合的三种不同启发式算法使生产计划 与调度同时得到优化,并给出了三种算法的复杂性.大量算例的比较研究表明了这些算法的有 效性和适用性.     

柔性作业车间生产计划与调度集成优化求解策略

针对柔性作业车间(Flexible job-shop, FJS)生产计划(Production planning, PP)与调度紧密衔接的特点, 建立了生产计划与调度集成优化模型. 模型综合考虑了安全库存、需求损失及工件加工路线柔性等方面因素. 提出了一种基于拉格朗日松弛(Lagrangian relaxation, LR)的分解算法, 将原问题分解为计划子问题与调度子问题. 针对松弛的生产计划子问题, 提出一种新的费用结构, 以保证生产计划决策与实际情况相符, 并设计了一种变量固定—松弛策略与滚动时域组合算法进行求解. 对于调度子问题中的加工路线柔性问题, 提出了一种新的机器选择策略. 通过数值实验验证了模型与算法的有效性.     

基于任务图的并行调度MEWFM算法

随着多核处理器体系结构在计算机领域的广泛应用,如何合理地对计算任务进行调度成为人们广泛讨论的问题。目前已经有针对多处理器的任务调度算法,但是这些算法在执行时要经过多次迭代,执行效率比较低。提出一种改进的波前调度算法MEWFM,它是一种执行时间短,加速比接近处理器核数的一种算法。这种算法主要包括任务图分层,层内调度和误差下降调度三个子算法。详细分析了这些算法的特点和执行流程。实验评测表明,算法在多处理器环境下的任务调度方面具有执行速度快,性能高等优势。     

基于强化协同算法的多目标生产调度模型研究

针对流程工业生产调度具有复杂性、多约束性和多目标性难以优化的特点,提出了一种新型强化协同优化算法 (N C O ),并将该算法应用于求解多目标优化问题,提出了基于N C O 算法的多目标协同优化方法(M O N C O )。研究表明, M O N C O 算法应用于车间调度问题,不仅可以优化生产工序,还能减少迭代次数,提高计算效率。     

工件工序可并行的作业车间调度模型与求解

针对传统作业车间调度模型没有考虑工件工序存在并行性的不足,提出一种以最小化完工时间为目标的工件工序可并行作业车间调度模型,且在模型中考虑了工序加工设备柔性;设计了基于遗传算法的调度算法,其中染色体编码采用分段编码方式,并提出一种适用于工件工序存在并行性的染色体解码方法.实验结果表明,文中算法能够有效地解决工件工序可并行的作业车间调度问题.     

面向能耗机制的多目标柔性作业车间调度*

针对面向绿色制造的车间调度问题,考虑能源消耗、最大完工时间、生产成本等调度目标,建立了多目标柔性作业车间调度问题模型,并提出一种改进离散蝙蝠算法来求解。针对这个模型的特点,为了有效地表达出工序与粒子种群之间的关系,提出一种整数编码策略。为了避免粒子早熟收敛、求解精度低等问题,设计了一种具有记忆能力的粒子变异操作。为了克服基本蝙蝠算法固定参数不足的缺点,重新调整惯性权重的值,提出一种线性递减的惯性权重策略。针对具体生产实例进行验证,实验数据表明,该改进算法在求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题上具有良好的性能,是一种有效的调度算法。     

汽车装配线生产计划与调度的集成优化方法

为提高汽车装配线的生产效率,优化资源配置,研究了汽车装配线生产计划和调度的集成优化问题,给出了该问题的混合整数规划模型.利用分枝定界算法和单纯型法求得问题的粗生产计划.通过将模拟退火算法和快速调度仿真相结合,探讨了一种新的启发式算法.然后基于已求得的粗生产计划,针对三种不同寻优组合论述了该算法的实现.将该算法应用于实际算例,仿真结果表明该算法对求解此类问题有着很好的效果.     

Multi-material structural topology optimization with decision making of stiffness design criteria

A new methodology for making design decisions of structures using multi-material optimum topology information is presented. Multi-material analysis contributes significant applications to enhance the bearing capacity and performance of structures. A method that chooses an appropriate material combination satisfying design stiffness requirement economically is currently needed. An alternative method of making design-decision is to utilize a multi-material topology optimization (MMTO) approach. This study provides a new computational design optimization procedure as a guideline to find the optimal multi-material design by considering structure strain energy and material cost. The MMTO problem is analyzed using an alternative active-phase approach. The procedure consists of three design steps. First, steel grid configurations and composite with material properties are defined as a given structure for automatic design decision-making (DDM). And then design criteria of the steel composites structure is given to be limited strain energy by designers and engineers. Second, topology changes in the automatic distribution of multi-steel materials combination and volume control of each material during optimization procedures are achieved and at the same time, their converged minimal strain energy is produced for each material combination. And third, the strain energy and material cost which is computed based on the material ratio in the combinations are used as design decision parameters. A study in constructional steel composites to produce optimal and economical multi-material designs demonstrates the efficiency of the present DDM methodology.     

转炉炼钢自动控制系统

以某钢铁公司120t转炉炼钢自动控制系统中的氧枪控制过程和转炉底吹控制为例．介绍转炉炼钢自动控制系统功能的实现过程。     

交流电弧炉电极调节控制系统

电极调节是电弧炉炼钢中的关键技术.以唐山机车车辆厂 10 t交流电弧炉为背景,在综合分析了电弧炉炼钢设备和电弧炉炼钢过程特点的基础上,针对各冶炼期的不同特点提出了相应的电极调节控制算式,并结合现场的实际情况设计了电弧炉计算机控制系统,经现场调试,取得了良好的控制效果.     

焦炉作业计划与优化调度系统设计与实现

针对钢铁企业焦炉生产计划编排问题,建立一个适合正常工况和异常工况的焦炉作业计划与优化调度系统.该系统由决策支持模块、正常工况计划编制模块和异常工况计划编制模块组成.决策支持模块根据获取的现场数据进行工况判断;在正常工况下采用"5-2"推焦串序操作来编制计划;在异常工况下针对乱笺、推焦事故和病号炉等异常状态,建立优化调度模型,基于蚁群算法进行求解来获得推焦计划.实际应用表明.该系统实现了焦炉作业计划的自动编排与优化调度,保证了结焦时间,提高焦炭质量.     

Bofy-fuzzy logic control for the basic oxygen furnace (BOF)

In this paper, fuzzy modeling for the control of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) processes is proposed. BOF is a widely preferred and effective steel making method due to its higher productivity and considerably low production cost. Therefore, today almost 65% of the total crude steel production in the world is met by using the BOF method. Higher steel output at lower cost is one of the main objectives of modern steel making methods. In order to accomplish this objective, fuzzy modeling was employed in this study in order to control some variables related to the BOF process. Fuzzy modeling and control in BOF promise a solution to the strongly non-linear problems associated with the process, which have so far proven extremely difficult to be solved by conventional control methods. Data set was selected as inputs from the real empirical BOF data in an integrated steel plant based in Turkey. Although there were negligible deviations from the target values, most of the fuzzy results obtained using MATLAB-Fuzzy Logic Toolbox version 5.0 were found to be acceptable. As a result of the application of the proposed modeling, acceptable levels of compatibility were achieved compared to the empirical BOF data and targeted steel composition. The paper indicates how fuzzy logic would be effectively used for improved process control of BOF furnace in steel making industry.     

氧气顶吹转炉炼钢造渣计算机监控系统

简单介绍了转炉炼钢的工艺过程,论述了用噪声法实现转炉造渣计算机监控的原理和系统结构。现场运行表明,该系统能够取得较好的效果,满足了转炉炼钢的生产要求。     

Fuzzy agent-based expert system for steel making process

In this paper, a fuzzy multi-agent system is proposed for electric arc furnace steel making processes. Each process of electric arc furnace steel making is assigned to be an agent, which works independently whilst coordinates and cooperates with other acquaintance agents. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system is used to generate agents’ knowledge bases. Contract net protocol is used as negotiation protocol in the proposed multi-agent system.     

Multi-objective optimization and bio-inspired methods applied to machinability of stainless steel

Nowadays, due to the growing needs of market, the simultaneous optimization of various responses is configured as a necessary strategy in real process. Machinability of stainless steel has always been considered a difficult task and any movement toward optimization of this process are really worthy. Traditionally, the treatment of this problem is done through the application of the desirability function that consists in transforming the original multi-response problem in a similar with one objective. In spite of various applications involving this methodology, the quality of the solution obtained is dependent on the choice of the inferior and superior limits and on goals for each one of the responses. To overcome this disadvantage, the present work proposes a methodology to solve the original multi-objective problem by using the Bio-inspired Optimization Methods (BiOM). The strategy proposed consists in the extension of the BiOM to problems with multiple objectives, through the incorporation of two operators into the original algorithm: (i) the rank ordering, and (ii) the crowding distance. The proposed algorithm is applied to the machinability of stainless steel AISI (ABNT) 420 using a model that considers the tool life and cutting forces responses in terms of cutting speed, feed per tooth and axial depth of cut, in end milling process. The effects of these variables in the responses were investigated crossing information contained in response surfaces of material removal rate and cutting forces. The results obtained showed that the methodology used represents an interesting approach to the treatment of the optimization problem formulated.     

Object association with belief functions, an application with vehicles

The problem tackled in this article consists in associating perceived objects detected at a certain time with known objects previously detected, knowing uncertain and imprecise information regarding the association of each perceived objects with each known objects. For instance, this problem can occur during the association step of an obstacle tracking process, especially in the context of vehicle driving aid. A contribution in the modeling of this association problem in the belief function framework is introduced. By interpreting belief functions as weighted opinions according to the Transferable Belief Model semantics, pieces of information regarding the association of known objects and perceived objects can be expressed in a common global space of association to be combined by the conjunctive rule of combination, and a decision making process using the pignistic transformation can be made. This approach is validated on real data.     

基于PLC的铁水脱硫专家模型的设计

铁水脱硫是高炉炼钢中必要工艺,用以降低铁水中杂质硫的含量.设计了基于PLC的铁水脱硫专家模型系统,并引入BP人工神经网络,实现了铁水脱硫过程的自动控制,降低能源消耗和环境污染,提高了生产效率和钢材质量.