多孔介质孔隙模型及其应用——毛细管束模型

在多孔介质中许多物理化学行为均与其自身的孔隙结构构型密切相关 ,建立一种切实可行的孔隙模型将会对研究材料和化工过程多孔介质提供很大的帮助。毛细管模型是一种较为简单的实用孔隙模型 ,它可以通过使用毛细管压对多孔介质的浸渗和排空情况进行计算 ,也可以用于对多孔介质中的浸渗和排空过程进行定性的解释。针对在研项目 ,对毛细管束模型情况做一评述     

孔径分布对多孔气体传感器气敏性能的影响

采用一种可双峰分布的概率密度函数构建孔径分布模型,并与实验测量结果进行对比验证。建立了包含孔结构影响的气体扩散-反应数学模型,数值研究了多孔气体传感器内孔径分布形态对响应时间、灵敏度和选择性的影响规律。计算结果表明,双峰分布孔结构对提高传感器的气敏性能具有一定实际意义。孔结构变化时,孔内扩散阻力和比表面积呈相反变化趋势,共同影响传感器内被测气体的表面反应速率。多孔气体传感器对被测气体的80%响应时间随副峰概率的增大而逐渐缩短。多孔气体传感器的相对灵敏度则随副峰概率呈极值性变化,具有极大值。     

有机溶剂在P型宏多孔硅电化学腐蚀中的应用研究

近年来,多孔硅以其良好的光学、热学、电学以及机械特性使其在微传感器技术领域得到广泛的应用,电化学腐蚀多孔硅的各种方法与原理引起越来越多的关注。研究了P型硅的电化学腐蚀过程中,在腐蚀溶液中使用有机溶剂对多孔硅的制备、速率、成孔机理等方面的影响。研究发现,在分别使用有机溶剂二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的氢氟酸(HF)腐蚀溶液中,可以制备出孔壁光滑、具有高深宽比的高质量P型宏多孔硅,并发现了一种快速腐蚀P型宏多孔硅的方法,得到高达1900μm/h的腐蚀速率,这有助于提高多孔硅在微传感器批量化生产应用中的效率。在涌流模型基础上,分析了有机溶剂的氧化性和质子(H)提供能力,以及在P型多孔硅快速腐蚀过程中的作用。     

多孔介质3维孔隙空间的隐式曲面造型方法

多孔介质中孔隙空间的结构描述和问题求解是许多复杂形态实体微观分析和科学计算的基础,而实际的多孔介质孔隙空间结构由于异常复杂,采用简单的造型方法往往不能满足绘制和进一步计算的要求。为此,针对自然岩石核磁共振的3维体数据,提出了一种适用于多孔介质孔隙空间的造型方法。该方法首先通过最大球方法识别体数据中的孔隙空间,然后根据孔隙的层次关系和连通关系,通过建立孔隙空间的孔洞-网络模型来描述孔隙空间的拓扑结构,并结合隐式曲面造型方法来构造多孔介质孔隙空间的模型。将该方法运用到自然岩石的3维图像分析中的实验结果表明,该方法不仅使得多孔介质孔隙空间的复杂拓扑结构得以保留,而且保证了重建曲面的光滑性。     

储层孔隙介质多组分气体吸附的神经网络模型

利用误差逆传播(Error Back Propagation)神经网络技术建立了适用于储层孔隙介质气体吸附的误差逆传播吸附模型(Er-ror Back Propagation Adsorption Model)。该模型同时考虑了储层孔隙介质本身的非均质性和吸附相结构的非均质性,并将这些非均质性信息分散记忆并贮存到模型的网络结构中,因而从理论上避免了传统吸附模型不能全面“包容”气体——储层孔隙介质吸附体系非均质特征的缺陷。最后,给出了EBPAM模型针对储层孔隙介质三元混合气和五元混合气吸附模拟的计算实例,用以证实EBPAM针对储层孔隙介质气体吸附的适用性。     

孔隙表征参数驱动的TPMS多孔结构建模

为了设计符合工程设计参数要求的多孔结构模型,提出一种孔隙表征参数驱动的多孔结构建模思路,并以增材制造制备成形.首先,针对三周期极小化曲面(TPMS)的4种常用类型(P/D/G/I-WP),研究了TPMS数学参数对各类孔隙表征参数(孔隙率、比表面积和孔径大小)的影响,并建立了相关参数之间的映射关系模型;接着,提出了若干基于孔隙表征参数的TPMS多孔结构设计方法,包括单设计参数法、多设计参数法、嵌套设计法;最后,给出了相关的工程应用案例并进行Micro-CT测试实验.实验结果表明,所设计模型的孔隙表征参数可控,增材制造成形的模型样件受工艺影响,其精度存在一定偏差.     

基于微腔光学晶体生物传感器的研究进展

多孔硅（PS）与多孔硅微腔晶体（PSM）作为新型功能材料,其独特的光学特性、微电子相容性、滤过性、纳米微孔生长可控性及大的比表面积为生物信号传感提供了一个较为理想的平台,已制备成多种生物传感器应用于血液,细菌,病毒,DNA等的快速检测中。在分析了PS与PSM的结构和性能的基础上,重点介绍了PS与PSM生物传感器的研究现状,并提出开发微型芯片、集成器件和市场化产品将是PS与PSM生物传感器的发展趋势。     

多孔介质孔隙结构的网络模型应用

本研究分别用毛细管束模型和网络模型对多孔介质的孔构型进行描述。为了克服毛细管束模型在反映真实结构存在的局限性 ,有必要发展更为精确的方法。在诸多的多孔介质模型中 ,网络模型经过多年的研究、发展 ,已经可以较好地实现对过程机理进行定量预测。进一步通过引入非线形分形理论 ,对复杂孔隙结构可望得到更为真实可靠的构型模型     

Develop a refined truncated cubic lattice structure for nonlinear large-amplitude vibrations of micro/nano-beams made of nanoporous materials

Pore size and interconnectivity have essential role in different biological applications of synthetic porous biomaterials. Recent improvements in technology make it possible to produce nanoporous materials having pores of controllable dimensions at atomic scale. In the present study, based upon a refined truncated cube lattice structure, the elastic mechanical properties of nanoporous materials have been extracted explicitly in terms of the pore size. Afterwards, the size-dependent nonlinear large-amplitude vibrations of micro/nano-beams made of the nanoporous material are explored. To this purpose, the nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory is utilized within the framework of the refined hyperbolic shear deformation beam theory to capture the both small-scale effects of hardening-stiffness and softening-stiffness. Finally, the Galerkin method together with an improved perturbation technique is employed to construct explicit analytical expression for the nonlocal strain gradient frequency-deflection response of micro/nano-beams made of nanoporous materials. It is demonstrated that, by increasing the pore size, the nonlinear frequency associated with the large-amplitude vibration of micro/nano-beams made of nanoporous material reduces, but the rate of this reduction becomes lower for higher pore size.

     

Numerical modelling of consolidation processes under the water level elevation changes

The paper presents a numerical model of coupled hydro-mechanical behaviour of soils. The micro-mechanics model is based on the effective stress concept which covers the theory of deformation of soils (soil skeleton) and other porous materials. The final set of equations is simplified and derived for the water flow in a porous media and the spatial discretization is performed by the finite element method. The model was implemented to the SIFEL software package and some numerical examples are presented.     

Numerical calculations of the effect of moisture content and moisture flow on ionic multi-species diffusion in the pore solution of porous materials

A method to analyse and calculate concentration profiles of different types of ions in the pore solution of porous materials such as concrete subjected to external wetting and drying is described. The equations in use have a solid theoretical meaning and are derived from a porous media technique, which is a special branch of the more general mixture theory. The effect of chemical action is ignored, making the presented model suitable to be implemented into codes dealing solely with chemical equilibrium.     

ZrO2 氧传感器多孔电极中气体扩散过程模拟

用扩散障将多孔电极材料中微孔对ZrO2气体氧传感器性能的影响孤立出来研究,发现气体在电极层中扩散缓慢而使传感器的V／I特性和过渡过程等的变化显著。通过对V／I特性的模拟,建立电极材料中的空隙结构与V／I特性间的定量关系。并对过渡过程的变化也提出了一个定性解释。     

石墨化温度对多孔碳微球/ 石蜡复合相变热界面材料性能的影响

文章利用葡萄糖水热法合成炭微球,并用氢氧化钾进行烧结处理,得到多孔结构的炭微球。在以硝酸铁为催化剂的条件下,对多孔炭微球进行不同温度下的石墨化处理,利用SEM、XRD、FTIR和BET对材料进行了表征。结果表明,炭微球表现出了良好的球形形貌、丰富的孔结构及大的比表面积。炭微球在经过1500℃处理后,其石墨化程度达90%。通过对石蜡进行物理吸附,制备了多孔石墨化炭微球/石蜡相变复合材料并用作热界面材料,其热导率随石墨化温度的增加而增加。     

基于机器视觉的多孔材料缺陷检测

针对多孔材料在生产工艺中易出现阻塞和缺角等缺陷,本文设计了一种基于机器视觉的多孔材料表面缺陷检测方法,通过对目标区域的有效分割、模糊度检测、形态学处理和分析等技术手段,实现了该类材料的表面缺陷的快速定位和特征分析.经实验检测,本文算法的准确性和检测效率可以满足工业生产实时检测需求.     

Calculation of effective pore diameters in porous filtration membranes with image analysis

In filtration/separation applications, porous membranes separate particles by a sieving mechanism determined by pore size of membrane and particle size. However, since pores in the membranes have irregular shape and vary in size, the definition of the pore size has been complex and sometimes, even confusing. In this work, we introduced a novel geometric parameter called effective pore diameter to characterize particle permeation performance in porous filtration membranes. The effective diameter of a pore is defined as the maximum diameter of a spherical particle which can pass through the pore in the membrane. We for the first time applied advanced image analysis techniques to automatically measure effective pore diameters and their distribution from scanning electronic microscopic image of the membrane using Euclidean distance transform (EDT). It is found that the effective pore diameter and its distribution are more accurate than the parameters previously used, to evaluate the membrane's filtration and separation performance and especially, particle permeation performance.     

多孔硅残余应力的研究

利用电化学腐蚀的方法在p型单晶硅(100)衬底上制备了多孔硅薄膜。利用微拉曼光谱法分别测量了处于湿化—干燥—再湿化3个阶段的多孔硅薄膜的拉曼频移,对多孔硅内应变引起的频移改变量和纳米硅晶粒因声子限制效应引起的频移改变量进行分离,找到多孔硅薄膜残余应力与拉曼频移之间的关系式。利用这一关系式,对不同孔隙率的多孔硅薄膜的残余应力进行了计算,获得了和声子模型拟合方法相一致的结果。研究中发现,多孔硅表面残余应力随孔隙率的增加而线性增大,其原因为随着孔隙率的增加,多孔硅晶格常数增大,且干燥过程中残液的蒸发产生的毛细应力使多孔硅薄膜与基体硅间晶格错配程度增大造成的。     

Determination of the effective diffusion coefficient in porous media including Knudsen effects

A 3-D bond pore network model is presented and used to evaluate the effect of pore size and connectivity on the effective diffusion coefficient in random porous media. The control equations of the system are set up and the simulation method is discussed. The simulation results show that when the average pore size d _m < 1 μm, the effective diffusion coefficient is strongly dependent on pore size. The analysis shows that Knudsen and bulk diffusion effects can be decoupled, and for any given diffusion conditions, the effect coefficient accounting for Knudsen diffusion can be obtained. Thus, the effect of pore size can been readily accounted for by correcting the bulk effective diffusivity with the Knudsen effect coefficient. The simulations also show that the percolation threshold in random porous materials decreases with increased pore network connectivity.     

Single particle model for char oxidation

A general model describes the pore structure, mass transport and heterogeneous chemistry which occurs during the oxidation of porous coal char. The pore structure is depicted as a collection of pore trees, with a continuous size distribution and branching sequence. Oxygen diffuses into the pore tree and consumes carbon from the walls of the pores. The basic heterogeneous rate constants have been inferred from existing laboratory data on non-porous carbon and the char oxidation model is validated with data on porous carbon char.