D_AIMD——一种改进的TCP拥塞控制机制

0 引言 TCP是目前Internet中广泛采用的一种传输控制协议,为各主机之间提供可靠按序的传输服务。TCP拥塞控制机制是其成功应用于Internet的关键所在。TCP拥塞控制机制主要基于AIMD(a,b)(Additive-Increase Multi-plicative-Decrease)算法,即每一往返时间,拥塞窗口值增加a,而当网络发生拥塞时,拥塞窗口降为原先的(1—b)倍。对所有连接采用相同a、b的系统,易知其资源利用率大致为(2—b)/2。目前,TCP拥塞控制大多采用的是a=1,b=0.5.其主要优点是应用能快速地使用网络中的有用资源,而当网络拥塞程度加大时,又能急剧地降低其数据发送速率,快速减轻网络拥塞。正因为如此,致使其数据发送速率波动较大,资源利用率不是很高(通常只利用了75％左右的资源)。这对于那些要求速率波动不太大的应用以及资源比较紧缺的应用环境(如无线网络)来说,是不大适宜的。另外,TCP拥塞控制机     

一种基于正态分布函数的新TCP拥塞控制机制

目前,拥塞控制已成为确保互联网稳定性与鲁棒性的极其重要因素。然而,目前的TCP拥塞控制机制使用AIMD(Additive Increase Multipli-cative Decrease)算法,其加性增加乘性减小的合理性与稳定性存在着现实问题。为此,我们改进了原有的AIMD算法,提供了一种基于正态分布函数的新TCP拥塞控制机制。并把整个拥塞避免、快速重传与恢复阶段分为轻载、过载和拥塞三种状态,根据调控触发值,区别选用不同算法实现。最后还从数学角度对新机制及其算法的合理性和可行性进行了分析与证明。同时,NS3的仿真结果显示,新的TCP拥塞控制机制可明显降低丢包率、平缓突发流量冲击,并可增加带宽的有效利用率、提高系统吞吐量。     

基于QoS协商的多媒体通信拥塞控制机制的研究

在Internet网络中，TCP协议的和式增加积式减少（AIMD）拥塞控制机制不适应多媒体通信，为了解决好Internet网络中的多媒体通信以及对QoS的要求，本文提出了一种支持多媒体通信服务质量（QoS）协商的拥塞控制新机制，并详细研究了该机制的实现原理和方法，并建立端对端多媒体通信系统环境，进行了大量的编程实验，证明了该机制能很好地解决多媒体通信的拥塞控制和满足不同带宽下不同多媒体通信服务质量（QoS）的要求，并在Internet网络环境下开发了实用的多媒体通信系统如基于端对端通信的IP可视电话及IP视频会议系统，正在推广应用．     

TCP比例业务区分研究

在采用吞吐量作为TCP支持业务比例区分的性能标准的前提下,深入探讨了TCP实现比例业务区分的种种可能性.通过对基于AIMD(a,b)的TCP拥塞控制中的加性因子a或乘性因子b进行加权,得到了可能方案PDS_TCP.分析得出,现有研究方案只不过是方案PDS_TCP的变种.以其中之一方案(PDS_a_TCP)为例,详细讨论了其实现比例业务区分的基本原理和具体实现,并给出了仿真结果.PDS_TCP考虑了超时后慢启动的影响,能很好实现可控的比例业务区分,所增加的额外开销小.     

异构网络中基于MPTCP的协作拥塞控制方案

提出了一种基于MPTCP的协作拥塞控制方案。在拥塞避免阶段,该方案首次以马尔科夫链模型为基础,对异构网络中各条路径上未被确认的数据包个数进行预测,进而计算出各条路径所能承载的最大数据量。若网络拥塞窗口值大于各条路径所能承载的最大数据量中最小值的2倍,则启动协作拥塞控制机制。在协作拥塞控制机制下,根据AIMD算法的加性增加准则调整拥塞窗口,若网络拥塞窗口值大于各条路径所能承载数据量之和,则结束协作拥塞控制机制,执行传统的TCP慢启动算法。为了提高慢启动阶段的带宽利用率,对TCPW(TCP Westwood)带宽估计算法进行改进,使路径可用带宽的估计更准确,从而提高慢启动阈值设置的合理性。仿真结果表明,在保证异构网络负载均衡及单条TCP流公平性的前提下,该方案能够增加成功传输数据包的数量。     

一种改进的TCP拥塞控制算法

TCP Reno拥塞控制机制是目前互联网中采用的主流拥塞控制算法.根据TCP Reno实现拥塞避免与拥塞控制的AIMD算法中加性因子与减性因子过于武断,对可用带宽的探测缺乏细分,造成信道利用率未达合理水平等缺陷,为此,提出一种根据拥塞窗口的增长情况进行更为平滑的信道容量探测算法,采用基于对数的增长算法和下降算法,通过N...     

基于卫星网络的TCP协议拥塞控制机制与公平性研究

介绍了目前应用最为广泛的拥塞控制机制AIMD和一种通用的公平性评价标准——比例公平性评价标准．以及Floyd在AIMD基础上根据回路延时（RTT）不同的连接的公平性要求提出的恒定速率（CR—constantrate）窗口更新机制；在分析上述机制和评价标准在卫星网络中应用存在的缺陷的基础上，将区分服务的思想引入AIMD拥塞控制机制，提出了基于服务的AIMD算法和基于丢包率的公平性评价方法．     

TCP传输中往返时延偏移智能响应机制研究

为了提高高丢包率环境下的TCP传输性能,提出一种往返时延偏移智能响应机制。对往返时延偏移值进行标准化处理得到标准延迟因子,用这个因子对拥塞窗口增长和减小量进行修正,实现拥塞窗口增长速度随往返时延偏移自适应调整,能够区分随机丢包和网络拥塞。开发Linux内核模块实现了往返时延偏移智能响应机制,可快速部署到所有基于AIMD策略的拥塞控制机制。仿真结果表明,使用往返时延偏移智能响应机制,平均吞吐量超过cubic算法57%,能够有效提升高丢包率环境的带宽利用率。     

基于NS2的无线网络拥塞控制仿真研究

传输控制协议(Transmission Control Protocol,TCP)作为一种广泛采用的传输控制协议,其网络拥塞控制最开始时基于有线网络设计的。传统的TCP协议拥塞控制机制导致TCP协议在无线网中性能下降。本文通过对TCP网络拥塞和网络拥塞控制既有算法的分析研究,提出基于判断丢包原因和相应的错误恢复机制的TCP协议优化思路。并采用NS-2网络仿真器进行仿真实验进行验证。     

APAIMD算法及基于此算法的APTCP协议

本文提出了一种可调参数AIMD算法和一种在接收端实现该算法的适合在Internet上传输多媒体流的可调参数传输控制协议。UDP不适合传输多媒体数据，因为它没有拥塞控制机制。TCP遇到单个数据包丢失传输速率就减半，会造成速率剧烈抖动，也不适合传输多媒体数据。在APTCP控制下传输的多媒体流具有良好的速率平滑性，并能够与竞争的TCP流公平的分享带宽。APTCP便于升级到组播多媒体业务，可用于非对称网络。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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