基于规则的软件体系结构层性能优化模型

针对大多数基于规则的软件体系结构层性能优化方法在优化过程中未充分考虑规则的使用次数和使用顺序而导致搜索性能改进空间受限,难以获取最优性能改进方案的问题,设计一种规则序列执行框架,并进一步将软件体系结构层性能优化抽象为求解最优规则序列的数学模型,以精确刻画规则的使用次数、使用顺序与最优性能改进方案之间的数学关系,为搜索更大的性能改进空间、提高优化质量提供支持。     

代理模型帮助的SA层性能差分演化优化算法

为了在庞大空间中搜索软件体系结构(software architecture,SA)层最优性能改进方案,当前已涌现出一些以NSGA-Ⅱ为代表的性能优化算法。然而这些算法大多未充分考虑性能改进空间的离散特性和性能评估的高计算代价特点,导致了解质量不高和优化时间过长的问题。针对这一问题,提出一种代理模型帮助的SA层性能差分演化优化算法SMDE4PO(surrogate model assisted differential evolution algorithm for performance optimization)。该算法采用多种交叉和变异策略以增大搜索空间和提高收敛速度,并运用随机森林作为代理模型以大幅减少实际性能评估的次数。在4个不同规模案例上的实验结果表明:(1)在贡献度、世代距离和超体积3个指标上SMDE4PO显著优于NSGA-Ⅱ算法;(2)通过使用随机森林代理模型,在最好情况下SMDE4PO较NSGA-Ⅱ算法的运行时间可降低48%。     

基于关键节点时延约束低代价组播路由算法

针对时延约束下低代价组播树的构建方法,提出了一种基于关键节点的时延约束低代价组播路由算法.该算法对已有的动态时延优化的链路选择函数进行改进,并加入关键节点和关键次数的概念.在首次选择目的节点时,重点考虑关键节点和关键次数因素,降低了选择低代价链路的时间复杂性,再利用改进后的链路选择函数依次选择节点加入树中,进而产生满足要求的组播树.实验仿真结果表明,该算法不仅能正确构建出时延约束低代价组播树,且与其他算法相比,构成组播树所需平均时间更少.     

一个并行查询优化器的设计与实现

并行查询优化器的目标是缩减庞大的计划搜索空间,获得优化的查询规划。为此,并行实时数据库PRTD-BASE查询优化器针对无共享结构（SN）,充分考虑通信开销,采用两阶段 优化方法,依据代价估计模型先对查询树进行基于代价估计的顺序优化,然后利用启发式规则对顺序优化的查询计划进行并行化,充分利用了多处理机的并行性,获得了较快的查 询响应时间。     

向量空间划分类索引的动态更新代价分析

代价分析是借助代价模型预测和评估空间索引结构的一种有效方法。针对索引的空间划分和数据划分这两种策略,在已有的索引结构基础上建立了向量空间划分类型索引的代价模型,该模型可实现查询以及动态更新的性能评价。以KDB-树系为评估对象,从结点存取次数（NA）值推导计算出页面存取次数（PA）的估计值,并在标准数据分布上对估计值的相关误差率进行了验证。结果表明代价模型的平均相关误差率较低,不超过12%。代价分析的结果有助于对索引结构的动态更新代价的预估和查询的优化。     

基于HTTP请求的ORM性能优化研究

针对对象关系映射工具,提出一种性能优化方法,该方法使得对象关系映射工具通过统计在HTTP请求处理过程中加载的和实际使用的对象字段,在后续请求处理中仅加载必需的对象字段,从而提升应用程序持久层性能。将改进过的对象关系映射工具应用到开源电子商务示例应用程序XPETSTORE后,HTTP请求响应时间平均降低8%。     

基于统计分析与规则冲突检测的防火墙优化

提出一种基于统计分析和规则冲突检测的防火墙优化方法,从防火墙规则的匹配概率入手,结合规则间的冲突检测,实现防火墙规则的精简和线型匹配优化。实验表明,该方法在一般情况下能对防火墙已有的规则进行精简,使其平均规则匹配次数减少40%,性能得到较大的提高。     

基于统计分析与规则冲突检测的防火墙优化

提出一种基于统计分析和规则冲突检测的防火墙优化方法,从防火墙规则的匹配概率入手,结合规则间的冲突检测,实现防火墙规则的精简和线型匹配优化.实验表明,该方法在一般情况下能对防火墙已有的规则进行精简,使其平均规则匹配次数减少40%,性能得到较大的提高.     

一种优化的空间连接算法

空间数据库中空间连接操作是最重要、最耗时的操作之一,基于BFRJ算法研究了一种对中间连接索引优化排序的空间连接算法OBFRJ,该算法使用广度优先顺序对两棵R树进行同步遍历,对生成的中间连接索引采用了一种空间填充曲线进行排序,使得在下一层的连接时出现页错误的次数减少。实验结果表明,该算法在磁盘访问次数以及CPU代价上都要小于DFRJ和BFRJ算法。     

基于模糊满意度的软件定义网络交换机迁移策略

针对软件定义网络中多控制器间负载均衡的迁移代价和迁移效率问题,提出一种基于模糊满意度的交换机迁移策略。首先,构建均衡判断矩阵,监测控制器负载状态,且提出交换机组选择度,划分交换机组以选取迁移交换机;其次,考虑迁移代价和负载均衡率,构建模糊满意度迁移竞争模型,且提出改进蚁群算法优化求解,选择最佳迁入控制器;最后,将迁移交换机迁往迁入控制器,实现交换机的快速迁移。实验结果表明,与现有交换机迁移策略相比,所提方法在保证较高负载均衡率的同时,进一步优化了网络性能,迁移代价平均减少约26.8%,控制器平均响应时间缩短约0.41 s,改善了交换机迁移过程。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.